• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.55-66
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• 1998

In order to investigate the detergency effects of various detergents to stained polyester & cotton fabric with solid soils such as carbon black, liquid paraffin and fat, the optimum washing conditions according to the types of washing agent, the assesment of detergency effect by the measurement of reflectance after and before washing were studied. The detergency effect of various detergents to stained polyester and cotton fabric increased by using the mixtures of bleaching and enzyme detergent. In order to obtain the excellent detergency effect, 2-step treatment, the pre-washing with bleaching agent and bleaching-enzyme mixture detergent treatment is preferred. In comparison of the detergency to polyester and cotton fabric, it is assumed that the detergency to polyester stained fabric was superior than that to cotton stained fabric because of the difference of adhesive force between soil material and fabric in preparing solid stained fabric.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2011

The acid stained agents are able to make remarkably thin colored layers on concrete surfaces and have simple processes for applying them comparably. This study has examined properties of the reaction to acid stained agent and cement hydrate. We've observed that the C-S-W autoclave cured specimens contain less Calcium Hydroxide than the others and create tobermorite of C-S-H system crystalline and concluded that the reactions of acid stained agent become slowdown under C-S-W and cause light colors of specimens.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 1999

In order to investigate the detergency of the mixture of compact detergent and bleaching agent to fabric stained with a coffee and a red wine, respectively, and a japanese wet stained fabrics, to evaluation of detergency was studied under various washing conditions. In order to study the effect of alkaline agent addition on the detergency, the soda ash was added in the compact detergent system. The results are as follows : In a low temperature washing condition, the alkalinity of washing liquor effected more the removal of the composite stained fabrics than that of oilic stained fabrics. For the colored stained fabric such as red wine stained sample, the influence of the repeated washing treatment on the detergency was not significant factor. On the other hand, the influence of the repeated washing treatment for the coffee stained and japanese wet stained fabric on the detergency was gradually increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2009

Because buildings which apply color that is various to concrete recently are introduced, value as design element of building is rising gradually in townscape. Even if expense is increased according as importance of concrete that have variety of design because do such social background and connection is emphasized, development of color concrete is pressing. Therefore, in this research, examined concrete physical & chemical characteristics by use of acid agent as part of research to embody diverse surface color of cement material. Here, embodiment of various color by unique color that stained hydrate has as that Color Concrete forms stained oxide that react with hydrate within concrete spreading stained agent that contain acid and metallic-ion in matrix that have cement ingredient on the surface is available.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 1999

In order to investigate the detergency effect of stained cotton and PET fabric, respectively, these fabrics stained with solid soils such as carbon black, liquid paraffin, and fat and examined the detergency effect in the optimum washing condition. The evaluation of washing efficiency of washed fabrics studied by using the surface reflectance measurement before and after washing treatment. The maximum detergency effect of stained cotton and PET fabric obtained in the mixed washing liquor-bleachig agen(ml)/concentrated washig agent(g/l). To obtain the excellent detergency effect, 2-step washing treatment, pre-washing by bleaching agent only and washing by concentrated detergent, is preferred. In comparing the detergency of polyester and cotton fabric, the detergency of stained polyester fabric superior than that of stained cotton fabric because of the difference of adhesive force between soil material and fabric in preparing soled stained fabric. In this study, we also studied the degree of fabric damage by the measurement of tensile strength change. From the results of the tensile strength measurement, the damage of washed fabric before and after washing treatment was nearly changed.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2001

The purification, dissolution and powdering of stained waste silk obtained from weaving and dyeing process were studied for the surface modification of textile fabric and plastic materials. The whiteness of stained waste silk could be improved through degumming and bleaching with sodium hydrosulfite. The water-soluble fibroin solution can be obtained by dissoving the degummed waste silk in a boiling solution of 50% calcium chloride for 60 minutes. The salts and heavy metals contained in fibroin solution were removed by electric dialysis, wool fiber filtration and gel filtration chromatography. The fibroin powder was prepared by using a fine grinder after the alkali treatment for weakening the silk fiber. The fine fibroin powder of particle size around 30 ㎛ was obtained with a ultra fine-mill, while it was finer below 10 ㎛ with a ball-mill. The dissolved or powdered silk was applied to the surface of fabric with addition of the binder (a urethane resin). The moisture content of polyester and nylon fabrics treated with the silk solution was improved due to hygroscopic property of silk. The fine fibroin powder mixed with the binder ws coated on the surface of synthetic film by use of the air pressed sprayer. It was revealed that the hygroscopicity as well as the softness of fibroin powder coated film was much improved. Therefore, it is thought that the fine silk fibroin powder is applicable as an coating agent for the surface modification of plastic and synthetic leather.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2011

Even though concrete is the most important material for building structures, its intrinsic gray color degrades urban esthetics. In order to improve this problem, coloring methods of mixing pigment in concrete batch and painting the surface of concrete surface have been tried. However, applications of the coloring methods in construction field are difficult due to high cost and low durability. Recently, acid stain agent is emerging as a new coloring method for concrete. It is able to apply a remarkably thin colored layer on a concrete surface from chemical reaction between acid and alkaline solutions. This study has examined the changes and variations of the surface layer of mortar specimen from chemical reaction of acid stained agents. The colors were changed into natural irregular stains according to aging. After the staining, no shape change was found from visible inspections. Microstructure of the colored surface applied with acid stained agent was much rougher than that of original mortar. When the colored layer was compared to original surface, crystals of hydrate such as $Ca(OH)_2$ and C-S-H gel were observed. Surface hardness was same or slightly higher in the colored layer. The value of pH was reduced by approximately 10%, weight contents of elements such as Ca, Si, and Al were low. In the chemical composition of the colored layer, the non-cement based elements of Mn, Cr, and Cu increased. Also, Fe and alkali elements of K and Na increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1312-1315
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• 2008

High throughput-drug screening plays a pivotal role for early stage of drug discovery process. In the course of assay development for screening of cell death-inducing agents, a protocol that is simple, time-saving, and high throughput-compatible was designed which was confirmed that the protocol can be worked by a HTS-compatible machine. In 96-well format, PC-3 cancer cells (1${\times}10^{4}$ cells/ml) were cultured for 24 hr. After 24 h-incubation with various medicinal plants extracts, the cells were then stained with DAPI for 30 min. The fluorescence intensity of the stained cells was measured semi-automatically with a multilabel counter. To test whether the present assay system effectively works, we screened about 850 medicinal plant extracts, and selected 1 positive crude extracts that contained cell death-inducing activity. These results suggest that the protocol is highly amenable to HTS implementation for a cell death-inducing agent(s).

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 1999

Background : cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(Ⅱ)(cis-platin) has been exhibited similar to bifunctional alkylating agents in the cell and known as an effective anticancer drug. Although this agent is very beneficial to the cancer patients, it may also damage to the normal cell. Many side effects were developed. Objectives : This experiments was undertaken to pursue the effect of cis-Platin on the mucous variation of the trachea. Materials and Methods : The male of Sprague-Dawley strain were used as and experimental animals. The experimental animals were killed at 1, 3 days and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the third injection of cis-Platin was administered 1.5mg/kg to intraperitoneal injection at once a week for three weeks. The trachea was fixed to neutral formaline and stained with alcian blue(pH 1.0)-PAS, alcian blue(pH 2.5)-PAS double stains and these preparation observed with light microscope. Results : 1. In the trachea stained with alcian blue(pH 2.5)-PAS double stain, the epithelial cells were constricted in the 1 week, In the 1st day, 3rd day and 1st week, acidic mucopolysaccharide was increased but in the 2nd week, neutral mucopolysaccharide was increase. 2. In the trachea stained with alcian blue(pH 1.0)-PAS double stain, the 1st and 3rd day exhibited sulfa mucopolysaccharide with moderately or weakly positive reaction. In the 1st week the sulfa mucopolysaccharide with strongly positive reaction was increased. In the 2nd and 3rd week, the sulfa mucopolysaccharide with weakly positive and non-sulfa or neutral mucopolsaccharide with negative reaction were modified. Conclusion : It is consequently suggested that cis-Platin induces reversible toxic damage to tracheal cells including goblet cell.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Background: Proper detection and management of dental plaque are essential for individual oral health. We aimed to evaluate the maturation level of dental plaque using a two-tone disclosing agent and to compare it with the fluorescence of dental plaque on the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) image to obtain primary data for the development of a new dental plaque scoring system. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects who consented to participate after understanding the purpose of the study were screened. The images of the anterior teeth were obtained using the QLF device. Subsequently, dental plaque was stained with a two-tone disclosing solution and a photograph was obtained with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The staining scores were assigned as follows: 0 for no staining, 1 for pink staining, and 2 for blue staining. The marked points on the DSLR images were selected for RGB color analysis. The relationship between dental plaque maturation and the red/green (R/G) ratio was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. Additionally, different red fluorescence values according to dental plaque accumulation were assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Results: A comparison of the intensity of red fluorescence according to the maturation of the two-tone stained dental plaque confirmed that R/G ratio was higher in the QLF images with dental plaque maturation (p<0.001). Correlation analysis between the stained dental plaque and the red fluorescence intensity in the QLF image confirmed an excellent positive correlation (p<0.001). Conclusion: A new plaque scoring system can be developed based on the results of the present study. In addition, these study results may also help in dental plaque management in the clinical setting.