• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1402-1406
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• 2007

Thirty pregnant heifers (Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Hariana) were divided into three groups (10 animals/group) according to their stage of pregnancy viz. seven-month (181-210 days) pregnancy (SMP), eight-month (211-240 days) pregnancy (EMP) and nine-month (241-280 days) pregnancy (NMP) group. Time spent in various feeding activities (eating fodder, eating concentrate, standing rumination, sitting rumination and drinking) by each animal in the three pregnant groups was recorded in four different sessions (each session of 24 h per week). The time spent eating concentrate, eating fodder, standing rumination, sitting rumination and drinking was 61.4, 271.3, 84.6, 367.6 and 10.6 min/day, respectively in the SMP group; 52.7, 289.5, 103.3, 345.8 and 9.2 min/day, respectively in the EMP group and 65.0, 277.7, 138.1, 291.0 and 9.8 min/day, respectively in the NMP group. The animals in the EMP group spent significantly (p<0.01) more time on eating fodder and concentrate compared to the animals in SMP and NMP groups. The pregnant heifers preferred rumination in standing posture in comparison to sitting posture. The time spent on standing rumination was significantly higher in the NMP group whereas the time spent on sitting rumination was significantly lower in this group. Except for the sitting rumination activity, all the other activities were predominant in daytime compared to night time; the diurnal variation was significant (p<0.01) for all the activities.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.243-257
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• 2004

Alcohol consumption is a major source of health problems, for example, alchol consumption is related to liver diseases. In addition, the social and economic costs related to alcohol consumption are enormous. This study was conducted to evaluate the current status and influencing factors related to the recognition and behavioral intention for both drinking and alcohol-reduction programs. Three effective alcohol-reduction programs of clinic program, mass education, and alliance were considered. To explain the health behavior for drinking and alcohol-reduction programs, a five-stage behavioral intention model was built and 500 questionnaires were completed through a telephone survey. Stages of the model composed of recognition of the programs, past experiences, present drinking status, intention for drinking, and behavioral intention for alcohol-reduction programs. As a result, recognition rates of the programs were low in general, therefore the strategies of education, public relations, and advertisement need to be pursued. The alcohol dependency resulted in the fact that success rate was 30％ although trial rate of alcohol-reducing was 23％. The necessity of alcohol-reduction programs were suggested. In addition, significant factors related to the intention for alcohol-reducing were individual attitude and reluctancy to pay their time and money. An insignificant factor was the attitude to their alcohol-reduction by other people. Behavioral intention rates for alcohol-reducing clinics were 4％, and those for mass education were 8％. There were very low purchase rates for clinic program, mass education, and alliance. In conclusion, evidenced-based and effective alcohol-reduction programs need to be encouraged to drinkers by medical doctors, and the strategies of education, public relations, and advertisement are also recommended. In addition, continuing legal and systematic support for alcohol-reducing would lower the drinking rate and ultimately contribute to the nation's health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of education from using cellular phones and a short messaging service. Methods: Collected data included baseline demographics, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, body mass index and health behavior index (Dietary Practice Guidelines Score, Physical Activity, Drinking frequency, Stress score, Subjective health status, and Action change stage score). Data were collected at public health centers in Chungcheongnam-do from January to December, 2011. Data obtained from Individual health counseling Programs in Chungcheongnam-do. Analysis was divided into health risk group and Disease management group, using a paired t test. Results: Following the education of using short messaging service of cellular phones Health risk group was a reduction in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference. Disease management group was a reduction in the systolic blood pressure and body mass index. In both groups, there were improvement in the Health behavior index; dietary practice guidelines score, physical activity, stress score, subjective health status and action change stage scores. Conclusion: These results indicated that education using short messaging service of cellular phone for Community was effective in improving health behaviors and status. By applying the results, development of customized teaching messages for stable settlement is required.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.291-312
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• 2006

Incentive-Therapy approach on substance abuser has a solid theoretical base in Behavior Psychology and shows the effectiveness empirically in US. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Incentive-Therapy on two alcohol abusers using ABA Single System Design in a community welfare agency, Korea. It proceeded for 12 week-baseline stage, 6-week intervention stage and 4-week postintervention stage through scanning whether alcohol abuser drinks or not by the alcohol analyzer as a target behavior. As a results, this study showed that two abusers' drinking were decreased in the middle of intervention stage in incentive-therapy but they showed differently in the postintervention stage : One sustained his abstinence and the other recurred to drink. Thus, we concluded Incentive-Therapy had better adaptability in community welfare agency in that alcohol abusers were driven to motivate for abstinence and then had an opportunity for psycho-social counseling and social welfare intervention consistently.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.687-694
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the salt-related dietary behaviors according to the stage of change model in middle school students from the Gyeongsangbuk-do area. Data were collected from, a total of 253 male and 210 female middle school students through. Self-reporting questionnaire. By stage of salt-related dietary behaviors, the 'Pre-contemplation stage' was comprised of 57.3%, the 'Contemplation stage' of 12.2%, the 'Preparation stage' of 7.4% and the 'Action stage' of 23.2% of students. There were significant differences in the stage of change according to the experience with salt-related nutrition education (p<0.05), wherein differences according to gender and parent's education were not observed. In the salt-related dietary behaviors, there were significant differences according to gender (p<0.05), pocket money (p<0.01), and the stage of change (p<0.001). Males had higher salt-related dietary behavior scores than females, while students who had more pocket money also had higher scores, and the action group had lower scores than the other groups. Among the 10 items of salt-related dietary behaviors, only 4 showed above the average score (2.92/5.00), including behaviors of liking kimchi, completely consuming snacks and instant foods, and drinking the broth of soups. The salt-related dietary score of males was higher than females, while the action group's score was lower than the other stages.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop a physical activity program for problem drinkers living in side rooms(Jjok-bang) based on the health belief model. In order to develop a physical activity program suitable for and applicable to the characteristics of the problem drinkers, the detailed components of the health belief model and the learning goals for each program were linked. It consists of a total of 10 activities, and in the introductory stage of each program, physical examination and gymnastics were conducted, and in the development stage, 10 physical activities were conducted to help the movement of large and small muscles and concentration. In the final stage of organizing, it consisted of time to express one's emotions through writing and painting and to reflect. The developed program was commissioned by an expert to derive the content validity coefficient (CVI=.75). Through the physical activity program developed in this study, it is believed that the problem drinking behavior of problem drinkers living in side rooms can be gradually reduced. The physical activity program developed in this study is expected to gradually reduce the problems of problem drinkers living in Jjock-bang. In the next step, we propose a study that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the intervention effect by applying this program to clients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy and health promoting behavior, and to determine the predictors of health promoting behavior in post-mastectomy patients. The study, a descriptive correlational study, was done with structural questionnaires. A total of 51 post-mastectomy subjects from C university hospital in Kwang-ju, South Korea completed mail-in self-reporting questionnaires during a three month period from March to June, 1999. The data were collected using Lawstone's(1982) perceived health status scale, Rosenberg's(1965) self-esteem scale, the modified self-efficacy scale(Shere et al, 1982), and the modified health promoting lifestyle profile (Walker et al, 1987). The data obtained were analyzed according to percentage, mean and standard deviation, principal component analysis, varimax rotation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The health promoting behavior measurement resulted in six factors. Each factor was labelled as follows: self-actualization, nutrition, stress management, exercise, health responsibility and interpersonal support. The total percent of variance explained by the six factors was 58.4%. 2. The mean score of health promoting behavior was 85.92(range 58~117). The scores of six factor were nutrition 3.20, self-actualization 2.59, stress management 2.58, interpersonal support 2.58, health responsibility 2.49, and exercise 2.34 on a four point scale. 3. When the score of health promoting behavior factors were compared by general characteristics. Factor I: self-actualization, differed significantly by the frequency of pregnancy (F=3.06, p=.037). Factor II: nutrition differed significantly by drinking experience(t=-2.26, p=.028) and the pre- or post stage of menopause(F=2.69, p=078). FactorIII: stress management differed significantly depending on regularity of mensturation(t=-2.12, p= .042). FactorIV: exercise differed significantly by type of religion (F=2.49, p=.072), marital status(F=5.03, p=.010), and feeding type (F=2.64, p=.036). Factor V: health responsibility differed significantly by regularity of mensturation(t=2.18, p=.037). 4. The total health promoting behavior score was significantly related to self-esteem and perceived health status(r=.610, p.006; r= .378, p=.006). The score of selfactualization also corresponded with selfesteem and perceived health status(r=.556, p=.001; r=.343, p=.013). 5. The predictor to explain the score of health promoting behavior was self-esteem, which accounted for 37.1% of the total variance. The predictor to explain the score of self-actualization was self-esteem, which accounted for 30.9% of the total variance. The score of nutrition was primarily affected by both premenopause and drinking experience, which accounted for 13.1% and 9.5% respectively. Finally, the score of exercise was dictated by marriage, Buddhism, no experience of breast feeding, which accounted for 17%, 9.8%, & 5.2% respectively. In conclusion, self-esteem is the main predictor for health promoting behavior in post-mastectomy women. These findings suggest a need for nursing strategies which promote self-esteem in such patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2010

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for falls in the elderly by life-cycle. Methods: This study used the data on 435 male and female elderly generated from a survey taken at 21 Welfare Centers for the Elderly in Seoul. The incidence of demographic characteristics, physical changes brought about with ageing, health-related behavior, chronic diseases, and environmental characteristics on falls in the elderly was analyzed. Hierarchical Logistic Regression analysis was also conducted to investigate the incidence by life-cycle (early-mid-late stage) and the results were used for predicting falls. Results: The incidence of risk factors on falls varied across life-cycle. Among the elderly in the early (ages from 65 through 74), marital status, the existence of a companion, the quality of sleep, the chronic diseases, and the condition of the bathroom floor were found to be related to falls. Among those in the mid-stage (ages from 75 through 84), sex, marital status, the existence of a companion, hearing capacity, sense of balancing, chronic diseases, the exclusive use of rooms, and the side bar with bath tub were found to affect falls. Finally, for the elderly in their late stage (85 years of age and older), drinking and vision were found to be related to falls. Conclusion: The incidence of risk factors on falls was found to vary according the stage in the elderly. A key implication of this finding is that falls prevention programs and interventions must be catered to specific age sub-groups.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.395-404
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the differences between depression and life stress in exercise behavior change stage of some female college students. For the purpose, the study selected 250 female college students through convenience sampling and interviewed them with an self-administered questionnaire. A total of 192 copies of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis except 58 ones whose responses were insincere. As a result, there was a significant difference in depression according to grades, economic status, drinking state, smoking and changes of exercise, and there was a significant difference in life stress according to grades, residental state, perceived health and exercise behavior change stage. Based on the results above, it was suggested that to decrease depression and life stress of female college students, their health behaviors should be encouraged. Especially, to lead them to have regular and continuous exercise, differentiated and individualized exercise and educational programs should be developed in each step of exercise.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare health related behaviors among adolescents in the rural area with those in the urban area in Korea. Methods: The data source was the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2005. With two stage cluster sampling, a total of 58,224 sample was selected from 799 middle and high schools nationwide. The area was classified into county area, small to medium city, and large city, and then the county area was considered as a rural area. Data was analyzed with STATA 9.0 using the method of complex survey data analysis considering sampling weight, strata, and primary sampling unit. Results: The prevalence of health related behaviors among adolescents in the rural area was higher than the city area as following health behaviors: smoking behaviors of smoking experience, smoking experience before entrance to middle school; drinking behaviors of frequent drinking, high risk behaviors with drinking; dietary behaviors of omitting of lunch or dinner, less intake of fruits or milk, more intake of cooky; oral hygiene of less tooth brushing, less preventive oral care, more oral symptoms and less dentist visit; safety behaviors of less wearing of safety belt or protective device; general hygiene of less hand washing before meal or after visiting rest room. Conclusions: The health behaviors among adolescents in the rural area were generally poorer than the city area. The results showed national health program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas. Further study is needed to explore the factors related with the discrepancy of health behaviors between the rural and urban area.