• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3431-3436
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• 2016

Background: Carcinogenesis is a multifaceted intricate cellular mechanism of transformation of the normal functions of a cell into neoplastic alterations. Metastasis may result in failure of conventional treatment and death Hence, research on metastatic suppressors in cancer is a high priority. The metastatic suppressor gene CD82, also known as KAI1, is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily which was first identified in carcinoma of prostate. Little work has been done on this gene in breast cancer. Herein, we aimed to determine the gene and protein level expression of CD82/KAI1 in breast cancer and its role as a prognosticator. Materials and Methods: In this study, 83 histologically proven cases of breast cancer and a similar number of controls were included. Patient age ranged from 18-70 years. Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-RT PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to investigate KAI1 expression at gene and protein levels, respectively. Statistical analysis was done to correlate expression of KAI1 and clinicopathological parameters. Results: It was revealed that: (i) KAI1 was remarkably diminished in metastatic vs non metastatic breast cancer both at the gene and the protein levels (P < .05); (ii) KAI1 expression levels were strongly correlated with TNM staging, histological grade and advanced stage (p<0.001) and no association was found with any other studied parameter; (iii) Lastly, a significant correlation was observed between expression of KAI1 and overall median survival of BC patients (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that lack of expression of the KAI1 might indicate a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Loss of KAI1 may be considered a significant prognostic marker in predicting metastatic manifestation. When evaluated along with the clinical and pathological factors, KAI1 expression may be beneficial to tailor aggressive therapeutic strategies for such patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1996

Through the previous studies(I,II), it was observed that human follicular fluid(HFF) was more effective than human fetal cord serum(HFCS) on promoting meiotic resumption of oocytes and improving embryonic development of mouse in vitro. On the basis of these results, we have gradually exchanged HFCS with HFF as protein supplement in human ART. This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of HFF on improving the pregnancy rate in ART. Oocytes were retrieved transvaginally from patients treated with pituitary suppression with GnRH-agonist and ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotro-pin(HMG) and pure follicle stimulating hormone(FSH). Aspirated oocytes were rinsed and cultured in TCM-199 containing HFF, and the concentrations of HFF were adjusted to 10, 20, and 30% according to the use for insemination, embryo growth and embryo transfer, respectively. As possible as, we tried to do embryo transfer into fallopian tube to mimic the coincidence of the cell stage with the place of sojourn in vivo, so we performed various ART programs(IVF & ET; in vitro fertilization, ZIFT; zygote intra fallopian-tube transfer, ZIFT & ET) according to the tubal conditions of patients. On the while, intra cytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) was used to assist IVF of the patients who had shown poor standard IVF results by immunological or severe male factor. Of the 255 cycles of ART programs using HFF as protein supplement, 118 cycles were turn out to be succeeded in pregnancy(46.2%, per cycle, p<0.05), while 21 pregnancies were achieved in the 69 cycles using HFCS(30.4%). The 255 cycles using HFF were subdivided into cycles with the type of ART programs, and each pregnancy rate of the ART programs were 44.7% (IVF & ET, 76/170 cycles), 53.4%(ZIFT, 31/58 cycles) and 40.7% (ZIFT & ET, 11/27 cycles), respectively. In the 61 ICSI cycles using HFF, 28 cycles succeed in pregnancy(45.9%), while 7 pregnancies were obtained in the 17 ICSI cycles using HFCS. Also the ongoing pregnancy rate in the group using HFF(78.8%, 93/118 cycles) was higher than that in the group using HFCS(61.9%). Therefore, we found that the use of HFF as protein supplement was more suitable and effective than the use of HFCS to improve the pregnancy rate in ART.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권1호통권19호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2007

Background : Recently a discussion about Qi including a study about the effect or the theory of acupuncture is getting prevailing in various angles. In most of studies about acupuncture stimulus, 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) is used. A study about Nine kinds of acupuncture(九鍼), except 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) has not been reported yet, and there is no study about using a special acupuncture made for controling Qi either. Objectives : 'DONG CHU CHIM' can be used for patients who are scared of a pain because it is a medical Qikong tool and non-invasive stimulus one. To assess a effect of Qikong operation using 'DONG CHU CHIM' objectively, we stimulated non-invasive to Sobu point of 30 normal adults using 'DONG CHU CHIM' and examined the result in the basis of high confirmed and repetitive HRV which is a functional assessment method of the autonomic nervous system. Method : This study has been proceeded in three periods. Total was 35min : 10min for the former and latter period of acupuncture stimulus, l5min for the acupuncture stimulus period. For each period, we measured 5min of 3 times(Stage I, II, III). Result : Comparing the changes of HRV during pre-stimulation and post-stimulation, HRT was significantly reduced, LOGTP, LOGVLF, LOGLF, LF/HF were significantly increased and SDNN, LOGHF were generally increased but did not show any significant changes. So we think that the stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' affects on the sympathetic system and parasympathetic system, it activates the autonomic nervous system, and it makes the inequality of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve to be equal status. Conclusions : We can conclude that the non-invasive stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' can affect significantly to the autonomic nervous system. So it can be used in clinic as a tool of Qikong operation, and it can be also used to weak patients or children because it doesn't give a lot of pain like 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) compared to invasive stimulus. By the basis of this study, more studies about the effect of 'DONG CHE CHIM' should be done in the future.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1991

This stduy was carried out in order to investigate the effects of cryoprotective concentration and equilibration time on survival rate of ultrarapidly frozen in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. In vitro fertilized bovine embryos, following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and sucorese were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water. Survival rate was defined by development rate to the morula and blaqstocyst stage after in vitro culture of by FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucroese added 2.0M, 2.5M, 3.0M, 3.5M, 4.0M glycerol were 75.0%, 72.0%, 67.6%, 44.8% and 18.3% respectively. 2. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0M, 2.5M, 3.0M, 3.5M, 4.0M DMSO were 64.0%, 66.7%, 70.8%, 52.7% and 18.6, respectively. 3. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0M, 2.5M, 3.0M, 3.5M, 4.0M propanediol were 68.4%, 64.9%, 63.2%, 62.2% and 34.7%, respectively. 4. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 2.50M glycerol added 0.1M, 0.25M, 0.5M, 0.75M, sucrose were 60.5%, 72.2%, 70.1% and 54.9%, respectively. The survival rate of in vitro fertilized embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 2.5M glycerol added 0.25M sucrose were higher than concentration of 0.10M, 0.50M and 0.75M sucrose. 5. The equilibration time on the survival rate of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5~5min.) in the freezing medium added 0.25M sucrose and 3.0M DMSO higher than long period time(1~20min.).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4061-4066
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• 2013

The extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) shows high local or systemic failure rates when radiotherapy (RT) is taken as the primary treatment, suggesting a role for chemotherapy (CT) added to RT for this disease. However, the appropriate mode of combined modality therapy (CMT) has not been fully defined. A total of one hundred and twenty-one patients with ENKTL receiving sandwich CT with RT were reviewed between January 2003 and August 2012. The primary endpoints were the response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the relapse rate. After the initial CT, there were 84 (69.4%) patients in CR, 22 (18.2%) patients in PR, 9 (7.4%) patients in SD, and 6 (5%) patients in PD, respectively. At the end of RT, the CR, PR, SD, and PD rates for all patients were 90.9% (n=110), 1.7% (n=2), 4.1% (n=5), and 3.3% (n=4), respectively. After a median follow-up of 42.3 months (3.5~112.3 months), the 5-year PFS was 74.7% (95% CI 70.4%~79.0%), and 5-year OS was 77.3% (95% CI 67.9%~86.7%). Disease progression was documented in 25 (20.7%) patients. The rates of systemic failure, local failure, and regional failure were 18.2%, 5.8%, 1.7%, respectively. Twenty death events (16.5%) were observed for the entire group of patients (18 deaths related to PD). Furthermore, CR to the initial CT and low Korean Prognostic Index (KPI) can independently predict long PFS and OS. The sandwich CMT achieved an excellent outcome for localized ENKTL with acceptable toxicity. We recommend it can be applied as the optimal choice for localized ENKTL.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1998

토양반응이 산성이고 칼슘함량이 낮은 식양질 논에서 토양개량제인 석탄회와 석고, 패각을 석탄회80, 패각4, 석탄회56+석고24, 석탄회40+석고24+패각0.8톤/ha 시용하여 시설 봄배추를 재배했을 때, 이들의 토양개량 및 작물중수 효과를 검토하였다. 전반적으로 석탄회,석고,패각 시용은 토양화학성을 개선하였다. 개량제 중 석탄회 단용구에서는 토양의 산도중화능이 우수하였고 유효인산과 치환성 칼리 및 붕소의 증가와 아연의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 석탄회+석고+패각 혼용구에서는 토양산도의 중화와 함께 마그네슘의 증가와 철, 망간의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 배추 수확기 토양에서의 세균수/진균수와 (세균수+방선균수)/진균수 비는 석탄회 단용구에서 가장 높았다. 그리고, 개량제시용에 따른 배추의 생육은 초기에만 알카리장해로 부진하였고 중기 이후에는 대조구와 달리 칼슘결핍 없이 증수된 경향이었다. 처리별 증수효과는 대조구 수량 135.3t/ha을 기준으로 석탄회+석고+패각 혼용구에서 23%, 석탄회+석고 혼용구에서 21%, 석탄회 단용구에서 19%, 패각 단용구에서 18%였다. 수확된 배추체내 N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, 환원당, 비타민-C는 석탄회 단용구와 석탄회+석고+패각 혼용구에서 높았다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.68-83
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• 2019

Purpose - The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (Model Law) is based on the principles of non-discrimination against the use of electronic means, functional equivalence, and technology neutrality underpinning all UNCITRAL texts on electronic commerce. Investigating the disagreements between the Model Law and the Koran Commercial Act (KC Act), including the B/L Regulation, and suggesting the revision of the KC Act including the B/L Regulation, could be a valuable study. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the harmonization of Korean legislation regarding electronic bill of lading in compliance with the Model Law. Design/methodology - The Model Law is flexible to accommodate the use of all technologies and models, such as registries, tokens, and distributed ledgers: that is, blockchain. In 2007, the KC Act was revised to regulate electronic bills of lading to promote the widespread legal use of electronic bills of lading. In addition, The Regulation on Implementation of the Provisions of the Commercial Act Regarding Electronic Bills of Lading (the B/L Regulation) was enacted to regulate the detailed procedures in using electronic bills of lading in 2008. This paper employs a legal analysis by which this paper does find differences between two rules in light of technology neutrality and global standard of electronic bills of lading model. Findings - The main findings are as follows: i) the Korean registry agency has characteristics of a closed system. ii) The KC Act has no provision regarding control. iii) The KC Act discriminates other electronic bills of lading on the ground that it was issued or used abroad. Moreover, this study does comprehensive analysis of Korean Acts in comparison with the Model Law and, in particular, this study analyzes the differences between the KC Act and the Model Law by comparing article by article in view of the harmonization of the two rules. Originality/value - The subject of previous several studies was draft provisions on Electronic Transferable Records before completion of the Model Law; thus, these studies did not take into consideration the character of the Model Law as the Model Law was chosen at the final stage of legislation. This study is aimed at the final version of the Model Law. So, this study is meaningful by finding the suggestion and directions for the Korean government to revise the KC Act and the B/L Regulation in line with the Model Law.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 1996

1985년 8월부터 1996년 1월까지 중증 근무력증으로 진단받은 환자 52례에 대한 임상적 고찰을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체 환자 중 남자가 19례(35.8%), 여자가 33례(64.2%)이었고 11세에서 20세 사이가 12례 (23%)로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 2. 환자의 초기 증상으로는 안검하수, 복시 등의 안구증상이 37례(71.2%)로 가장 많았고 modified Osserman의 분류에 따라서도 가장 증상이 가볍고 약물치료에 잘 반응하는 I군이 36례(69.3%)로 가장 많았다. 3. 환자가 호소하는 중상의 비특이성과 회복과 재발을 거듭하는 질병의 특성으로 인해 발병 이후 진단될 때까지의 시간은 비교적 오래 걸렸고 1년이상 경과하며 진단된 경우도 16례(30.8%)나 되었다. 4. 자가면역질환이 7.6%에서 동반되었는데 갑상선기능 항진증이 2례(3.8%), 인슐린의존형 당뇨 2례(3.8%)였고 종격동 전산화 단층촬영소견에서 흉선의 비대가 의심되었던 환자는 6례(11.5%), 흉선종이 발견되었던 경우는 3례였다. 5. 환자의 치료는 대부분 항콜린에스테라제나 부선피질호르몬을 병용하는 내과적 치료를 하였으며 약물의 치료에 반응이 미비하거나 악화되는 경우 혹은 종격동 전산화 단층촬영 상에서 흉선의 이상 소견이 보인 경우에 2례(3.9%)에서는 흉선절제술이, 1례(1.9%)에서는 혈장여과요법이 추가되었고 흉선절제술과 혈장여과요법이 같이 병합 치료된 경우도 3례(5.9%) 있었다. 6. 전체 환자중 2명에서 자연치유의 경과를 보였으며 이들은 모두 I군이였다. 그리고 흉선절제술과 부신피질 호르몬 투여로 완치된 예가 1례였었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2015

본 연구는 동기강화면담이 공복혈당장애 환자의 건강증진생활양식, 행동변화단계, 당화혈색소값에 미치는 효과를 확인하기위해 시도되었다. 2011년 12월부터 2012년 3월까지 U시 동구보건소에 내소하는 공복혈당장애를 가진 대상자로 실험군 27명 과 대조군 33명으로 무작위 배정하여 실험군에게 연구자가 개발한 동기강화면담 프로그램을 실시하였다. 면담프로그램은 1대1 면담 1회와 전화상담 1회로 이루어졌으며 MET I, II 프로그램을 응용하여 연구자가 개발한 후 전문가 내용타당도를 검증받았다..프로그램 적용후 효과검정을 위해 실험전후 대상자의 건강증진생활양식, 변화단계는 설문지 조사하였고 채혈을 통해 당화혈색소를 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 20.0을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, $x^2$ test, t-test로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 변화단계점수는 두 집단 간 유의한차이가 있어(t=-20.224, p=.000) 동기강화면담의 긍정적인 효과를 확인하였고, 건강증진생활양식(t=-1.297, p=.200)과 당화혈색소값(t=.794, p=.431)에 대해서는 두집단간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구의 동기강화면담프로그램은 공복혈당장애 환자의 행위변화단계를 인식전단계에서 인식단계로 변화되는데 효과가 있었으므로 간호현장에서 건강관리 중재프로그램을 시행하기위한 준비단계에 효과적으로 적용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2007

본 연구는 대구문화콘텐츠산업의 발달과정 및 입지, 가치사슬체계와 가치사슬 유형별 기업의 경영특성을 중심으로 존립기반을 분석하였다. 대구문화콘텐츠산업은 10명 미만의 소규모 영세업체인 사업화 초기단계의 기업이 중심이고, 최근 들어 온라인 유통을 기반으로 한 디지털 콘텐츠 제작 업체의 창업이 활발하다. 이들 업체는 대구디지털산업진흥원(DIP)을 중심으로 한 문화산업클러스터로 지정된 남구와 중구 등 도심에 집적하고 있다. 대구문화콘텐츠산업의 가치사슬체계는 콘텐츠 제작을 중심으로 콘텐츠 창작, 콘텐츠 제작, 홍보 마케팅 그리고 유통 배급으로 구성되어 있다. 이리한 가치사슬체계를 기초로 하여 대구문화콘텐츠산업의 기업은 4가지 유형으로 구분된다. 첫 번째 타입은 문화콘텐츠산업에서 콘텐츠 제작만을 수행하는 기업이다. 두 번째 타입은 콘텐츠 제작을 중심으로 둘 또는 세 개의 가치사슬을 수행하는 기업이며, 세 번째 타입은 콘텐츠 제작을 중심으로 콘텐츠 창작, 콘텐츠 제작, 홍보 마케팅, 유통 배급을 수행하는 기업이다. 네 번째 타입은 콘텐츠 제작을 하되 중심이 아니며 다양한 가치사슬을 수행하는 기업이다.