• 분석과학
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2012

미라는 뼈, 머리카락, 피부, 손톱 등 서로 다른 시기를 반영하는 생체 조직분석이 가능하며, 이를 바탕으로 식생활, 환경 등 당시 생활상을 복원할 수 있는 매우 중요한 자료이다. 본 연구에서는 문경 흥덕동 회곽묘에서 출토된 조선시대 미라에서 추출한 뼈 콜라겐과 머리카락 케라틴의 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소 분석을 수행하였으며, 국내 출토 미라에 안정동위원소 분석을 적용한 첫 사례이다. 우리가 섭취하는 식료의 종류에 따라 뼈와 머리카락 등 인체 조직에는 그 특유의 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소 정보가 기록되며, 그 비율은 시간이 경과하여도 변하지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 뼈에서 추출된 콜라겐이라는 단백질은 생애 전주기의 평균 식생활을 추적할 수 있으며, 머리카락의 케라틴의 경우 길이에 따라 죽기 전 몇 달에서 몇 년의 식생활 정보를 담고 있다. 미라 조직의 안정동위원소 분석 결과 그 평균값은 다음과 같다(뼈 콜라겐(${\delta}^{13}C$=-19.0‰, ${\delta}^{15}N$=11.4‰), 머리카락 케라틴(${\delta}^{13}C$=-21.3‰, ${\delta}^{15}N$=14.3‰). 탄소 안정동위원소 값으로부터 생애 주기 동안 주로 $C_3$ 작물 위주의 식생활을 하였다는 것을 예측할 수 있었으며, 특히 질소 안정동위원소 값의 경우 머리카락의 값이 뼈 콜라겐의 값보다 2.9‰ 높게 나타난 것으로 미루어 볼 때 생애 전반에 걸친 영양 상태보다 죽기 전 몇 달 동안 육류 섭취 등으로 인한 단백질 섭취량이 높았다는 것을 추정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.485-495
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• 2018

Background: The geographical origin of Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is important to both ginseng producers and consumers in the context of economic profit and human health benefits. We, therefore, aimed to discriminate between the cultivation regions of ginseng using the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, and S, which are abundant bioelements in living organisms. Methods: Six Korean ginseng cultivars (3-yr-old roots) were collected from five different regions in Korea. The C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng roots were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and then these isotope ratio profiles were statistically analyzed using chemometrics. Results: The various isotope ratios found in P. ginseng roots were significantly influenced by region, cultivar, and the interactions between these two factors ($p{\leq}0.001$). The variation in ${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{13}C$ in ginseng roots was significant for discriminating between different ginseng cultivation regions, and ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}^{34}S$ were also affected by both altitude and proximity to coastal areas. Chemometric model results tested in this study provided discrimination between the majority of different cultivation regions. Based on the external validation, this chemometric model also showed good model performance ($R^2=0.853$ and $Q^2=0.738$). Conclusion: Our case study elucidates the variation of C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng root depending on cultivation region. Hence, the analysis of stable isotope ratios is a suitable tool for discrimination between the regional origins of ginseng samples from Korea, with potential application to other countries.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2007

To understand the origin and biogeochemistry of the organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, labile organic carbon, and residual organic carbon contents as well as stable isotope ratios for carbon and nitrogen were determined by KOBr-KOH treatment. Ratios of organic carbon to organic nitrogen $(C_{org}/N_{org})$ (mean = 24) were much higher than ratios of organic carbon to total nitrogen $(C_{org}/N_{tot})$ (mean= 12), indicating the presence of significant amounts of inorganic nitrogen in the surface sediments of both lakes. Stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen were, on average, $5.2\%_{\circ}$ heavier than ratios of inorganic nitrogen in Lake Shihwa, but those same ratios were comparable in Lake Hwaong. This might be due to differences in the origin or the degree of degradation of sedimentary organic matter between the two lakes. In addition, stable isotope ratios for labile organic carbon were, on average, $1.4\%_{\circ}$ heavier than those for residual organic carbon, reflecting the preferential oxidation of $^{13}C$-enriched organic matter. The present study demonstrates that KOBr-KOH treatment of sedimentary organic matter can provide valuable information for understanding the origin and degradation state of organic matter in marine and brackish sediments. This also suggests that the ratio of $(C_{org}/N_{org})$ and stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen can be used as indexes of the degree of degradation of organic matter.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2005

육상생태계의 물/탄소 순환은 기후변화의 원인과 진행 과정 그리고 결과를 예측하는데 필수적인 기초 자료이다. CarboKorea와 HydroKorea 연구에서는 한반도의 대표적인 지형과 식생 유형에 적합한 물/탄소 순환 해석과 실황예보를 위한 기술개발을 목표로, 안정동위원소를 이용해 물/탄소 순환의 구성요소를 성인적으로 세분하는 연구를 수행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 안정 동위원소 연구가 국내 생태계의 물과 탄소 순환연구에 적극적으로 활용될 수 있도록 하기 위해 그 이론적 배경과 광릉 소유역의 연구 사례를 소개하였다. 시간과 공간 규모의 확장을 가능케 하는 안정 동위원소 연구는 다양한 관련분야의 연구와 함께 한반도 육상생태계의 물/탄소 순환과정에 대한 보다 정량적인 해석을 가능하게 함으로써 기후변화와 관련하여 제기되고 있는 당면한 과학적, 사회경제적 요구에 부흥할 수 있는 과학적 기반을 구축하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2020

This study aims to identify the characteristics of organic matter and pollutant sources using water quality and stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N, δ¹³C) of the two inflow tributaries (Gulpo (GP) and Anyang (AY) streams). Water samples were analyzed in June and September 2018, and the results showed that the concentrations of nutrients, such as TN and NO₃-N, were increased at GP4, which is located at the downstream of sewage treatment facilities(STFs). TOC and TN ratios showed a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.77, p<0.01) at all points except for GP4. The results of GP's stable isotope ratio analysis do not appear to be a constant cluster compared to AY because GPs with large amounts of pollutants from the industry (metal processing companies, etc.) have less tributary, shorter waterway and significantly different external sources. This could be attributed to different sources of external inflow despite its smaller number of tributaries and shorter waterways than AY. In the first half of the year, the δ¹⁵5N of GP4 was affected by discharge of STFs, while AY3 seemed to have an influence of tributary than the discharge of STFs. Consequently, using water quality, stable isotope ratio and C/N, the sources of contamination in two streams with different contaminants were identified and origin was estimated.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2013

본 연구는 영산강하구역 입자물질 유입원의 시 공간적인 변화를 추정해 보고자 몽탄대교에서 영산강 하구둑에 이르는 영산강하구역 세 정점에서 연 6회에 걸쳐 수 층 부유 물질의 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소 비를 비교하였다. 모든 정점에서 8월에 강우를 통한 외부기원 유기물의 유입이 증가하였으며, 이 때 암모니아성 질소 및 규산염의 유입 역시 함께 증가하였다. 탄소 안정동위원소 비 측정 결과 11월과 8월에 정점 별 유기물의 기원이 크게 차이 났으며, 안정동위원소 비 값을 이용하여 주요 유입원 추정이 가능하였다. 11월에 모든 정점에서 질소 안정동위원소 비가 무거운 값을 보였고, 인산염의 농도가 가장 높게 나타났는데 이는 축산폐수 및 농경지를 통한 유입이 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 또한 다른 정점에 비해 영산강 하구둑에서 모든 조사 기간 동안 비교적 높은 질소 안정동위원소 비를 보였으며, 이를 통해 축산폐수 및 농경지를 통한 유기물 유입이 다른 정점에 비해 높을 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 안정동위원소 비 분석은 입자성유기물의 기원을 추정하는데 유용한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

Origin authenticity of the animals used as food has always been a major concern to consumers around the world. In the past twenty years, a stable isotope ratio has been used for origin authentication. In this study, pork samples, both local and imported, were collected from the major markets from all around South Korea and analyzed for stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (${\delta}^{15}N$‰) and carbon (${\delta}^{13}C$‰), using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IR-MS). A total of 599 samples with 335 Korean and 264 imported from 13 countries within America and Europe were investigated in accordance to the standard established methods for isotope ratio analysis. The results showed a significant variation related to the origin of the samples, explaining the difference in the feeding styles of the pork in each country. The stable isotope ratio values of carbon (${\delta}^{13}C$‰) were found in the decreasing order of: America ($-15.55{\pm}1.01$‰)>Korea ($-19.62{\pm}0.89$‰)>Europe ($-24.79{\pm}1.35$‰). Canada was having ${\delta}^{13}C$ ratio of $-22.87{\pm}0.92$‰, which is very low in the region of America and very close to Europe (-23.78 to -27.17‰). For nitrogen ${\delta}^{15}N$‰ the order was: America ($4.92{\pm}0.71$‰)>Europe ($4.54{\pm}0.66$‰)>Korea ($3.69{\pm}0.54$‰), with a slight variation among countries in each region studied. From the results it was concluded that the stable isotope ratio of the pork samples from different countries provide enough information about the origin and is therefore a potential tool which can be employed for origin authentication.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3618-3623
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• 2011

This paper presents a stable isotope chemistry of bone collagen and carbonate. Bone carbonate has the potential to provide additional isotopic information. However, it remains controversial as to whether archaeological bone carbonate retains its original biogenic signature. I used a novel application of bone density fractionation and checked the integrity of ${\delta}^{13}C_{apa}$ values using radiocarbon dating. Diagenesis in archaeological bone carbonate still remains to be resolved in extracting biogenic information. The combined use of bone density fractionation and differential dissolution method shows a large shift in the ${\delta}^{13}C_{apa}$ values. Although ${\delta}^{13}C_{apa}$ values are improved in lighter density fractions, a large percentage of contamination in bone carbonate was reported via $^{14}C$ dating compared to that noted with bone collagen.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.506-509
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• 2000

To obtain Cytochrome $c_3$ labeled with a stable isotope, the conditions of cultivation and the composition of medium for DvMF were examined. The growth of DvMF was steady and reproducible under purging with $N_2$ and under pH control. DvMF was able to go on a defined medium without natural products. The composition of the medium containing a small amount of $NH_4Cl$ as sole nitrogen source was established. Then, uniformly $^{15}N-labeled$ Cytochrome $c_3$ was obtained during the culture of DvMF in a defined medium with $^{15}NH_4Cl$; it was confirmed by $^{1}H-^{15}N$ HMQC.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2010

To document the basic ecological aspects of Chaoborus species, which has never been reported in Korea, we attempted to identify the species, to monitor seasonal and vertical dynamics, and to elucidate trophic relations of the species in Sang-Chun reservoir. Using morphological characteristics, we identified the collected samples as C. flavicans. Also, we compared the distribution of C. flavicans, Daphnia rosea and chlorophyll a to observed seasonal dynamics. The increase of C. flavicans was observed 1-2 weeks after the increase of D. rosea. Survey of diel vertica migration patterns in the summer season showed that C. flavicans were in hypolimnion at daytime, but moved to the epilimnion at night. Finally, to determine trophic relationships in Sang-Chun reservoir, additional studies on the food web were undertaken by stable isotope analysis. Chaoborus flavicans I-II instars appear to be filter feeders based on carbon isotope values. Trophic levels of C. flavicans III-IV instars were shown to be higher than other zooplankto based on nitrogen isotope values.