• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical horseback riding exercise on dynamic balance in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 cerebral infarction patients. Subjects in the control group received physical therapy for 45 minutes, three times per week, and those in the experimental group received mechanical horseback riding exercise for 30 minutes, three times per week, with physical therapy for 45 minutes, three times per week, during a period of six weeks. For evaluation of dynamic balance ability, limit of stability (LOS) was measured and TUG test was performed. Results: According to the test result, LOS showed a significant increase after the exercise, and TUG showed a significant decrease after the exercise. However, no significant correlation was observed between LOS difference and TUG difference. Conclusion: Mechanical horseback riding exercise is effective for improvement of dynamic balance in patients with cerebral infarction. Mechanical horseback riding exercise is a useful indoor exercise program for clinical use for improvement of dynamic balance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate that the Effects of Pain, Lumbar Flexibility and Abdominal Obesity of Patient with Low Back Pain and Abdominal Obesity after Lumbar Strengthening Exercise. Methods : The selected subjects of this study were 17 patients who had diagnosis on low back pain and body mass index was more than $25kg/m^2$ and lumbar length was more than 90cm. They divided into a control group with 10 patients doing lumbar stabilization exercise and an experimental group with 7 patients ding simple lumbar strengthening exercise in order to compare degrees of oswestry disability index and lumbar stability, lumbar length was measured before the exercise, in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after exercises respectively. Result : lumbar strengthening exercise on patients with low back pain and abdominal obesity affected improving function of lumbar and decrease of pain with abdominal obesity. Conclusion : Then lumbar stabilization exercise than simple strengthening exercise affected decrease of Visceral fat tissue on abdominal obesity.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2008

Purpose : This study was performed to distinguish the muscle activation of vastus medialis and biceps femoris through open and closed kinetic chain exercise. Methods : 31 healthy male and female students in Daegu Health College were participated in this study. All subjects were conducted three types open and closed kinetic chain exercises to examine muscle activity during the last four seconds using the sEMG system. Collected EMG data were normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC). Results : MVIC of each muscle was showed significantly increased(p<0.5). In the case of open chain exercise, the type 3 exercise most increased than type 2 and 3 exercise in vastus medialis than biceps femoris muscle. The closed chain exercise presented type 6 exercise most increased than type 4 and 5 exercise in biceps femoris than vastus medialis. Conclusion : This study finally proved that muscle activity which maintains stability of knee differ from depending on the types of exercises. Therefore, the combination of the two chain exercises is believed to greatly contribute to increments in muscle activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the effects of a gluteus maximus strengthening exercise on both spinal alignment and dynamic balance in subjects with kyphosis. Methods: We measured the kyphosis angle of 150 subjects and selected those whose kyphosis angle was > $50^{\circ}$. The participants included 10 male and 12 female college students. After a gluteus maximus strengthening exercise was applied, the subjects were measured by the formetric 4D and Biorescue systems. The collected data were analyzed by a paired t-test with the SPSS (Ver. 21) program for spinal alignment and dynamic balance comparisons both before and after the gluteus maximus strengthening exercise was completed. Results: The results regarding spinal alignment showed statistically significant decreases in pelvic tilt, kyphotic angle, and lordotic angle after the intervention (p < .05). However, trunk imbalance, pelvic torsion, surface rotation, and lateral deviation were not significantly different after the exercise. The results of the dynamic balance showed statistically significant increases in limits of stability after the exercise (p < .05). Conclusion: The above results suggest that the implemented gluteus maximus strengthening exercise may be effective for spinal alignment and dynamic balance in subjects with kyphosis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study aimed, first, to develop core strength training equipment with elderly-friendly, easy-to-use features and, second, to investigate the effect of core strength training using the equipment on the performance and stability of the elderly in activities of daily living. Method: In this study, we developed training equipment with a stability ball that can be used for performing core strength exercises in the elderly. Twenty-three elderly subjects (age: $77.87{\pm}6.95years$, height: $149.78{\pm}6.95cm$, and weight: $60.57{\pm}7.21kg$) participated in this study. The subjects performed the core strength training exercise with 16 repetitions for 8 weeks (2 repetitions per week). Performance in activities of daily living was assessed by using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a test of going up and down 4 stairs, and one-leg static balance test. Stability was quantified as changes in the center of pressure (COP) and C90 area. Results: With the core strength equipment, trunk core strength exercise could be performed by pulling or pushing a rope with 2 hands on the stability ball. During the task, the tension in the rope was manipulated by a motor connected to the rope and the COP of the subject was measured by 4 load cells mounted in the equipment. Our results showed that the SPPB score was significantly higher (p < .05), the time to complete the "going up and down 4 stairs" test was significantly shorter (p < .05), and one-leg static balance statistically improved under an eyes-open condition (p < .05) after as compared with before the core strength training. The changes in the COP in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, and C90 area were significantly lower in the posttest (p <. 05) than in the pretest. Conclusion: The core strength training exercise using the equipment developed in the present study improved the performance and stability of the elderly in activities of daily living.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.689-696
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) on fall prevention in elderly females (n = 21) by measuring changes in the isometric strength, multifidus, transverse abdominis muscle thickness, and posture stability index. The strength of isometric contraction was measured by the 3-D Pegasus system ; the thickness of the multifidus and transverse abdominis were measured by using Sonoace 6000C, and the posture stability index was measured using a computerized Biodex Balance System SD apparatus analysis. These results lead us to the conclusion that flexion and extension, left rotation on strength of isometric contraction, and thickness of the transverse abdominis (when released) statically increased. Overall, the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral elements in the posture stability index statically decreased, Consequently, the LSE should the prevent falls in elderly females.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The paper presents an intervention for clinical applications in the future by examining the effects of 3D stabilization exercise on patients with lumbar instability, which causes problems in the muscles and balance, and analyzing the effects of balanced lumbar muscles on the static balance. Methods: After collecting samples randomly from thirty patients with lumbar instability, fifteen patients selected for 3D stabilization exercise were placed in the stability group and fifteen patients selected for Swiss ball exercise were placed in the ball exercise group. The intervention program was applied for thirty minutes a session, once a day, three days a week for four weeks. Before the intervention, the lumbar muscle activity and static balance were measured. After four weeks, they were re-measured in the same way and the data were analyzed. Results: In relation to the within-group changes in muscle activity, all groups except for the LEO and REO groups showed significant differences. Regarding the between-group changes in muscle activity depending on the left and right difference, ES, RA, and TrA but not EO showed significant differences. In addition, there were significant differences in the between-group change in static balance. Conclusion: 3D stabilization exercise improves the muscle activity by promoting a balanced posture of lumbar muscles and changing senses, such as a proprioceptor but this had a positive influence on the static balance by controlling the balance of muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of Pilates mat exercise may improve trunk muscle thickness and balance in healthy adults. Methods: Eighteen healthy adults participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Pilates mat exercise group (n=9) and the control group (n=9). Subjects in Pilates mat exercise group performed the exercises three days per week for 6 weeks, which consisted of warm up, main workout, and cool down. Trunk muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), transverse abdominis (TrA), multifidus (MF), and erector spine (ES) were measured using an ultrasonography. Balance ability was evaluated using Romberg test and limits of stability (LOS). Measurements were performed before training, 3 weeks after training, and 6 weeks after training. Results: There was a significant difference of RA, EO, IO, MF, and ES according to the main effect of time (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of EO, MF, ES, Romberg, and LOS according to interaction effect between the time and group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference only for LOS according to the main effect of the group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pilates mat exercise did increase trunk muscle thickness and balance. However, the effect with respect to trunk thickness was limited. Pilates mat exercise appears to be more effective in improving muscles related to trunk extension and balance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task oriented circuit exercise(TOCE) on the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 30 patients with mild dementia and assigned to the TOCE(task oriented circuit exercise) group(n=15) and aerobic exercise(AE) group(n=15). TOCE group performed six task three times weekly for 12 weeks. AE group underwent the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise three times a week during the experimental period respectively. Timed up and go test(TUG), Berg balance scale(BBS) and AP1153 Biorescue were used to assess the parameters for the balance. Korean-mini mental state examination and Global deterioration scale(GDS) were used to assess the parameters for the cognition. For the statistical analysis, paired t-test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences among two groups. RESULTS: Each group showed improvement in balance and possibility for improving cognitive function. TOCE group especially, there were significant improvements in limit of stability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that TOCE is a more diverse exercise programs introduced in the study. Furthermore, TOCE can be a helpful to improve the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.2413-2419
• /
• 2015

Core spinal muscles are related to trunk stability and assume the main role of stabilizing the spine during daily activities; strengthening of core muscles around the spine can therefore reduce the chance of back pain. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of core muscle strengthening in the spine during spine stabilization exercise using a whole body tilt device. To achieve this, a validated musculoskeletal (MS) model of the whole body was used to replicate the input motion from the whole body tilting exercise. An inverse dynamics analysis was executed to estimate spine loads and muscle forces depending on the tilting angles of the exercise device. The activation of long and superficial back muscles such as the erector spinae (iliocostalis and longissimus) were mainly affected by the forward direction (-40°) of the tilt, while the front muscles (psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and external and internal obliques) were mainly affected by the backward tilting direction (40°). Deep muscles such as the multifidi and short muscles were activated in most directions of the rotation and tilt. The backward directions of the tilt using this device could be carefully applied for the elderly and for rehabilitation patients who are expected to have less muscle strength. In this study, it was shown that the spine stabilization exercise device can provide considerable muscle exercise effect.