• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2013

현재 정부는 본격적인 전력 스마트그리드 확대에 앞서 제주도 구좌읍 6,000호를 대상으로 스마트그리드 실증사업을 추진 중에 있다. 하지만, 관련 기업들은 정부와 한전 주도의 한국 전력시장의 한계, 기존 전력망의 높은 안정성 및 효율성, 신재생에너지 활용도 미흡, 전기요금 인상 우려 등을 이유로 스마트그리드 확산에 대한 부정적인 시각을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 스마트그리드 시장을 활성화하기 위한 핵심 이슈들을 1) 이해관계자들의 대립 문제, 2) 실시간 요금제 도입에 따른 효과 문제, 3) 소비자들의 수요 반응 참여 부족, 4) 스마트그리드의 비즈니스 모델부재, 5) 스마트그리드 거점지구 확산 문제 등의 5가지로 분류하고, 이에 대한 전략적 방안을 제시하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.123-143
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• 2016

Use of heavy fuel fly ash (HFFA) (diesel and cracked fuel) for power generation in Saudi Arabia has generated and accumulated large quantities of HFFA as a byproduct. In this research, HFFA is studied with the emphasis on the utilization of this waste material in concrete blocks and asphalt concrete mixes. Two types of mixes, one with low and other with high cement content, were studied for concrete blocks. Different mixes having varying percentages of HFFA (0% to 25%), as cement/sand replacement or as an additive, were studied. The performance of concrete blocks is evaluated in terms of compressive strength, water absorption, durability and environmental concerns. The results showed that blocks cannot be cast if more than 15% HFFA is used; also there is a marginal reduction in the strength of all the mixes before and after being exposed to the sulfate solution for a period of ten months. HFFA is studied in asphalt concrete mixes in two ways, as an asphalt modifier (3&5%) and as a filler (50%) replacement, the results showed an improvement in stiffness and fatigue life of mixes. However, the stability and indirect tensile strength loss were found to be high as compared to the control mix due to moisture damage, indicating a need of using antistripping agents. On environmental concerns, it was found that most of the concerned elements are within acceptable limits also it is observed that lower concentration of barium is leached out with the higher HFFA concentrations, which indicates that HFFA may work as an adsorbent for this leaching element.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To describe and characterize the surface topography and cleanliness of CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia abutments after steaming and ultrasonic cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 12 ceramic CAD/CAM implant abutments of various manufacturers were produced and randomly divided into two groups of six samples each (control and test group). Four two-piece hybrid abutments and two one-piece abutments made of zirconium-dioxide were assessed per each group. In the control group, cleaning by steam was performed. The test group underwent an ultrasonic cleaning procedure with acetone, ethyl alcohol and antibacterial solution. Groups were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to verify and characterize contaminant chemical characterization non- quantitatively. RESULTS. All zirconia CAD/CAM abutments in the present study displayed production-induced wear particles, debris as well as organic and inorganic contaminants. The abutments of the test group showed reduction of surface contamination after undergoing an ultrasonic cleaning procedure. However, an absolute removal of pollutants could not be achieved. CONCLUSION. The presence of debris on the transmucosal surface of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments of various manufacturers was confirmed. Within the limits of the study design, the results suggest that a defined ultrasonic cleaning process can be advantageously employed to reduce such debris, thus, supposedly enhancing soft tissue healing. Although the adverse long-term influence of abutment contamination on the biological stability of peri-implant tissues has been evidenced, a standardized and validated polishing and cleaning protocol still has to be implemented.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2015

The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is an electric power device that limits the fault current immediately in a power grid. Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) has been developing a 154 kV, 2 kA SFCL since 2011 to protect power grids from increasing fault current and improve the stability and quality of electric power. This SFCL adopts 2G YBCO wires and operates at 71 K and 5 bars. In this paper, a cooling system for the 154 kV SFCL and its cooling test results are reported. This cooling system uses a Stirling-type cooler to make sub-cooled liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$), which cools the superconductor modules of the SFCL. The $LN_2$ is circulated between the cooler and the cryostat that contains superconductor modules. The $LN_2$ also plays the role of a high voltage insulator between the modules and the cryostat, so the pressure was maintained at 5 bars for high insulation performance. After installation in a test site, the cooling characteristics of the system were tested. In this operation test, some important data were measured such as temperature distribution in $LN_2$, pressure change, performance of the heat exchanger, and cooling capacity of the total system. Consequently, the results indicate that the cooling system operates well as designed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.292-295
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• 2004

The SIT was introduced by Nishizawa. in 1972. When compared with high-voltage, power bipolar junction transistors, SITs have several advantages as power switching devices. They have a higher input impedance than do bipolar transistors and a negative temperature coefficient for the drain current that prevents thermal runaway, thus allowing the coupling of many devices in parallel to increase the current handling capability. Furthermore, the SIT is majority carrier device with a higher inherent switching speed because of the absence of minority carrier recombination, which limits the speed of bipolar transistors. This also eliminates the stringent lifetime control requirements that are essential during the fabrication of high-speed bipolar transistors. This results in a much larger safe operating area(SOA) in comparison to bipolar transistors. In this paper, vertical SIT structures are proposed to improve their electrical characteristics including the blocking voltage. Besides, the two dimensional numerical simulations were carried out using ISE-TCAD to verify the validity of the device and examine the electrical characteristics. A trench gate region oxide power SIT device is proposed to improve forward blocking characteristics. The proposed devices have superior electrical characteristics when compared to conventional device. Consequently, the fabrication of trench oxide power SIT with superior stability and electrical characteristics is simplified.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

본 논문은 유전자 알고리즘을 근거한 이산최적설계 알고리즘에 의한 온실구조용 최적설계 프로그램을 개발하였다. 최적기법은 이산화 최적기법에 효과적인 유전자알고리즘을 근거로 하였다.본 연구에서 목적함수는 온실 구조물의 중량이고, 제약조건식은 한계상태설계기준에 대한 설계 제한식이다. 설계변수는 KSD 3760 농업용 아연도강관이다. 온실구조의 경제적인 구조설계나 안정성평가에 대한 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 온실구조자재의 표준화 및 규격화연구에 기여하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 유전자 알고리즘에 의한 온실구조용 이산화 최적설계 프로그램의 적용을 위해 설계 예를 들었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

최근 이동통신 가입자의 증가로 인해 기지국의 수요도 증가하게 되었다. 하지만 기지국 설치 장소의 부족으로 인해 이동통신모듈의 크기가 소형화 되어야 할 필요성이 생겼다. 이동통신모듈의 소형화를 위해서는 모듈 겉면에 부착된 히트싱크의 크기가 소형화 되어야 한다. 또한 모듈의 열적 안정성을 보장하기 위해 설치된 전자부품의 온도가 허용온도보다 낮아야 한다. 이를 위해 상용 PIDO(Process Integration and Design Optimization) 툴인 PIAnO와 전산유체역학 프로그램인 FLOTHERM을 사용하여 전자부품의 온도를 허용온도보다 낮게 유지시키면서 히트싱크의 부피를 최소화하였다. 그 결과, 이동통신 모듈에 설치된 전자부품의 허용온도를 만족하면서 모듈의 부피를 41.9% 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Soil is the fundamental element in the construction process. Soil problems affect the safety of the structures, even so the high quality of the structures and so, bad soil found the structures will affect the lifetime or even destroy the structures built on it. Therefore, the study of soil is an important step in the construction process and the investigation of the most effective characteristics of a special kind of soil (shale soil), i.e. Atterberg limits, swelling pressure, swelling potential and unconfined compression strength, are the most effective soil properties. A big projects will be constructed in new urban extension areas with expansive shale soils, like at Al-Kawamil and new Akhmim shale soils which associated with soil problems, treatment system should be used to ensure the stability of the soil under the structures foundations one of the most effective methods is by adding lime solution to the soil by specific quantities, which affect on the properties of the shale soil by decreasing the swelling and increasing the compressive strength of the treatment soils. Experimenting with the soil added to the lime, it was found that the addition of lime solution 6% improve c j the properties of the soil. The results of the tests showed the high effectiveness of using lime in the treatment of Al-Kawamil soil

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

Background: Obstacle training affects lower limb muscle activity, balance, reducing the risk of falls, and making gait more stable. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of aquatic and ground obstacle training on balance and muscle activity in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: The study subjects included 30 patients with stroke, who were divided into aquatic ($n_1=15$) and ground ($n_2=15$) groups. Groups underwent obstacle training three times per week, 30 min per session, for six weeks that went as follows: walking over sites with the paralyzed leg, stepping onto and down from a box step, and walking over obstacles with the non-paralyzed leg. Results: The experimental results were obtained by comparing muscle activity. Activity of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius were significantly increased in the aquatic group (p<.05). Activity of the biceps femoris and tibialis anterior were significantly increased in the ground group (p<.05); however, the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius were not significantly different. In the comparison of maximal distance regarding the limits of stability, it was significantly increased on the non-affected side, affected side, and anterior and posterior distance in the aquatic group (p<.05). It was significantly increased in the non-affected side and anterior and posterior distance the ground group (p<.05); however, maximal distance on the affected side distance was not significantly different. Conclusion: Gait training with aquatic and ground obstacles is effective for improving balance and gait ability of patients with stroke. However, it was more effective for the aquatic group than for the ground group.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

Methamphetamine (MA) is currently the most abused illicit drug in Korea and its major metabolite is amphetamine (AP). As MA exist as two enantiomers with the different pharmacological properties, it is necessary to determine their respective amounts in a sample. Thus a chiral stationary phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for identification and quantification of d-MA, l-MA, d-AP, and l-AP in human urine. Urine sample ($200{\mu}L$) was diluted with pure water and purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. A $5-{\mu}L$ aliquot of SPE treated sample solution was injected into LC-MS/MS system. Chiral separation was carried out on the Astec Chirobiotic V2 column with an isocratic elution for each enantiomer. Identification and quantification of enantiomeric MA and AP was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection mode. Linear regression with a $1/x^2$ as the weighting factor was applied to generate a calibration curve. The linear ranges were 25-1000 ng/mL for all compounds. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 3.6 %, while the intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -5.4 % to 11.8 %. The limits of detection were 2.5 ng/mL (d-MA), 3.5 ng/mL (l-MA), 7.5 ng/mL (d-AP), and 7.5 ng/mL (l-AP). Method validation parameters such as selectivity, matrix effect, and stability were evaluated and met acceptance criteria. The applicability of the method was tested by the analysis of genuine forensic urine samples from drug abusers. d-MA is the most common compound found in urine and mainly used by abusers.