• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4863-4873
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• 2014

The Korean construction industry has played a major role among all industries despite its relative small ratio of all. The global economic crisis, however, has adversely affected the construction industry. Therefore, the Korean government implemented a corporate restructuring process to ensure the stability of the financial market. The selection standard on workout enterprises by the government is based on two perspectives: (1) external factors, including macroeconomic indices and (2) internal factors, including financial statements of private enterprises. On the other hand, if considering the characteristics of the construction industry, a certain construction company may not be evaluated only by its financial statements. In other words, a valuation process that utilizes the financial statements only can be concluded to be irrational. Accordingly, this study aims to provide the valuation model, which embraces the characteristics of workout firms, and determines their implications. To accomplish this, each enterprise valuation was measured using DCF and Black Scholes models, and by comparing such results with their market value, each enterprise was determined to be either under or over-valued. The results of this study verified that the valuations of 2 workout companies (out of 4) showed a higher value than the market value.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.599-604
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• 2015

This study was conducted the vegetation clustering analysis for the 3 mountains of Mt. Bulam, Mt. Daemo, Mt. Bonghwa which were the urban forests of Seoul. Based on the results of the analysis related to the vegetation clustering, it was found that the clustering of Mt. Bulam consisted of pine trees(Pinus densiflora)-Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica), Hornb eam(Carpinus laxiflora)-Pitch pine(P. rigida), oriental oak(Q. variabilis) - a wild pear tree(Sorbus alnifolia) while the clustering of Mt. Daemo consisted of Pitch pine-Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis), Poplar(Populus tomentig landulosa)- black birch(Betula davurica pall). Meanwhile, the clustering of Mt. Bonghwa consisted of pine trees-a wild pear tree Community and Sawtooth oak(Q. acutissima)-Cherry Blossoms(Prunus serrulata). In relation to the similarity index by region in Mt. Bulam, Mt. Daemo, and Mt. Bonghwa, the similarity index of Mt. Bulam and Mt. Daemo stood at as high as 0.634, suggesting the distribution of similar vegetation, and the dominance index of the Mt. Daemo region was found to be 0.166 which suggests the dominance of many species compared to other regions. In addition, the results of species diversity showed that Mt. Daemo had the highest stability, and the species diversity, maximum species diversity, evenness indices were highest in Mt. Bulam, followed by Mt. Bonghwa and Mt. Daemo. The dominance index was the lowest in Mt. Bulam, followed by Mt. Bonghwa and Mt. Daemo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

Oxy-methane nonpremixed flames diluted with $CO_2$ were investigated to clarify impact of radiation heat loss and chemical effects of additional $CO_2$ to oxidizer stream on flame extinction. Flame stability maps were presented with functional dependencies of critical diluents mole fraction upon global strain rate at several oxidizer stream temperatures in $CH_4-O_2/N_2$, $CH_4-O_2/CO_2$, and $CH_4-O_2/CO_2/N_2$ counterflow flames. The effects of radiation heat loss on the critical diluent mole fractions for flame extinction are not significant even at low strain rate in nonpremixed $CH_4-O_2/N_2$ diffusion flame, whereas those are significant at low strain rate and are negligible at high strain rate (> $200s^{-1}$) in $CH_4-O_2/CO_2$ and $CH_4-O_2/CO_2/N_2$ counterflow flames. Chemical effects of additional $CO_2$ to oxidizer stream on the flame extinction curves were appreciable in both $CH_4-O_2/CO_2$ and $CH_4-O_2/CO_2/N_2$ flames. A scaling analysis based on asymptotic solution of stretched flame extinction was applied. A specific radical index, which could reflect the OH population in main reaction zone via controlling the mixture composition in the oxidizer stream, was identified to quantify the chemical kinetic contribution to flame extinction. A good correlation of predicted extinction limits to those calculated numerically were obtained via the ratio between radical indices and oxidizer Lewis numbers for the target and baseline flames. This offered an effective approach to estimate extinction strain rate of nonpremixed oxy-methane flames permitting air infiltration when the baseline flame was taken to nonpremixed $CH_4-O_2/N_2$ flame.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.907-916
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of vegetation structure, vegetation succession, and species diversity of artificially planted Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) stands. The study was carried out by performing vegetation survey for eight CO stands located in Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. Analysis on vegetation classification and ordinations of the stands was conducted using the data from the vegetation survey, and as a result, the stands were classified into five types of communities. Community I showed a considerably lower index of species diversity when compared to other communities because the canopy of the dominant CO was so highly dense that the low-height vegetation was not able to develop or the low-height vegetation almost disappeared due to elimination of weed trees. Meanwhile, the Community II - IV had relatively higher indices of species diversity because various native tree species mixed with the low-height vegetation and competed with each other in the understory and shrub layers to some degree of stability or in their early stage of vegetation development. Community V, lastly, showed higher use intensity as a recreational forest, thus developing simpler vegetation structure on account of artificial intervention. There was positive correlation between photosynthetically active radiation entering the forest floor, number of observed species and index of species diversity. Such characteristics of vegetation structure in CO stands are closely associated with forest management and prescription for planting reforestation, thinning, and brush cutting in the past. There was a slight difference in vegetation structure and species diversity by communities, based on rotation time of the vegetational succession, process of disturbance frequency and disturbance, development, and maturity by planting CO stands. However, when compared to natural forests, the CO stands showed simpler vegetation structure. Because artificial forests are vulnerable in ecosystem service with lower species diversity, a drive for ecological management is needed for such forests to change into healthy ecosystems that can display functions of public benefit.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2016

Cooperation of the patients in orthodontic treatment is an essential element. This study examines the internal and external restriction factors and level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment of adolescent orthodontic treatment patients, and the factors that impart influence on the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment. 'Form for students' among the indices of internal and external restrictions for orthodontics, which is an adaption of 'Orthodontic Locus of Control Scale' was used as survey tool, and 'Reliability and Stability of the Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale' was used as survey tool for the level of cooperation of orthodontic patients. As the result of examination of the effect of internal and external restriction factors on level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment by compensating the general characteristics in the multiple regression analysis, it was found that the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment is higher for the patients who believe there is strong influence of external restrictions-patents-on the events that determines orthodontic treatment. In order to enhance the level of cooperation for orthodontic treatment of adolescent orthodontic patients, there is a need to assess the relationship between the patient and parents as well as the attitude or psychological state of the patients on orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

How to determine the extent of national energy security? In this paper, we estimate it by comparative analysis of South Korea and other OECD countries in terms of energy diversity (fuel diversity). Energy security consists of 4 key factors such as availability, accessibility, acceptability, affordability. Especially the importance of accessibility can grow as local imbalance of supply and demand increases. As a proxy of the accessibility, fuel diversity can be a significant indicator to estimate a measure of energy security. In this paper, we use Shannon-Wiener index to measure energy diversity. If fuel diversity increases, the stability of energy security also should increase, because of the smoothing effect to lessen dependence on key energy sources. In 2012 Korean growth rate of H-index (energy diversity) is 18.38%, which is higher than other OECD countries. However, Korean H-index itself is 1.93, lesser than other countries. Shift from oil to coals/gas within fossil fuels has more impact on H-index than weight transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies in Korea. We conclude that more renewable energy is an effective solution to achieve higher energy diversity and ultimately higher energy security as the same as the German case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.452-459
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• 2016

Nutritional compositions, volatile compounds, and sensory attributes of grilled and fast-chilled mackerel (Scomber japonicus) were analyzed in order to examine its practical utilization as a food resource compared to commercial frozen mackerel. In the proximate analysis, lipid contents were $27.3{\pm}2.7%$ in grilled and fast-chilled mackerel. Palmitic acid was the most predominant fatty acid (20.68% and 18.88%), and the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acid were higher than 40% in both. No benzopyrene was found in the grilled mackerel, and even grilling was employed at $260^{\circ}C$. For chemical stabilities, para-anisidine value (8.56 vs. 9.26) and acid value (2.96 vs. 3.35) in grilled mackerel were improved compared to those of commercial mackerel. Moreover, color index of grilled mackerel, a physiological property, showed greater lightness than commercial mackerel. Lastly, analysis of volatile compounds by gas chromatographic analysis and sensory tests by trained panels demonstrated higher potential for grilled mackerel as a highly marketable product compared to commercial mackerel. Taken altogether, the above results provide important preliminary results for utilization of grilled and fast-chilled mackerel as a quality food.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.477-484
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• 2022

In this study, the cartridge part of the focused ultrasound stimulation system was used as a sample to conduct a skin irritation test and a skin sensitization test through animal experiments among the tests related to GLP (Good Laboratory Practice), a medical device safety evaluation standard. The test was conducted after IACUC approval using 6 female New Zeland White Rabbits. The polar and non-polar stimulation indices were all '0.0'. In addition, in the case of skin sensitization evaluation, 30 guinea pigs approved by IACUC were divided into control and experimental groups, and all induction and induction steps were applied using the eluate itself without separate dilution of the test sample and blank test solution. As a result of the experiment, the skin reaction grade of the control animal was 0 grade, and there was no animal showing more than 1 grade in the skin reaction of the test animal. As a result of both tests, no abnormal skin symptoms were observed, and when applied to the human body to treat patients, the test materials used in the tests will investigate the stability of whether any diseases that cause skin abnormal symptoms will occur.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.75-87
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• 1996

This review is presented under the following headings: 1.Introduction 1.1 Brief review of the properties of AlN 1.2 Historical survey of work on ceramic and single crystal AlN 2.Thermochemical background 3.Crystal growth 4.Doping 5.Potential applications and future work The known properties of AlN which make it of interest for various are discussed briefly. The properties include chemical stability, crystal structure and lattice constants, refractive indices and other optical properties, dielectric constant, surface acoustic wave velocity and thermal conductivity. The history of work in single crystals, thin films and ceramics are outlined and the thermochemistry of AlN reviewed together with some of the relevant properties of aluminium and nitrogen; the problems encountered in growing crystals of AlN are shown to arise directly from these thermochemical relationships. Methods have been reported in the literature for growing AlN crystals from melts, solution and vapour and these methods are compared critically. It is proposed that the only practicable approach to the growth of AlN is by vapour phase methods. All vapour based procedures share the share the same problems: $.$the difficulty of preventing contamination by oxygen & carbon $.$the high bond energy of molecular nitrogen $.$the refractory nature of AlN (melting point~3073K at 100ats.) $.$the high reactivity of Al at high temperatures It is shown that the growth of epitactic layers and polycrystalline layers present additional problems: $.$chemical incompatibility of substrates $.$crystallographic mismatch of substrates $.$thermal mismatch of substrates The result of all these problems is that there is no good substrate material for the growth of AlN layers. Organometallic precursors which contain an Al-N bond have been used recently to deposit AlN layers but organometallic precursors gave the disadvantage of giving significant carbon contamination. Organometallic precursors which contain an Al-N bound have been used recently to deposit AlN layers but organometallic precursors have the disadvantage of giving significant carbon contamination. It is conclude that progress in the application of AlN to optical and electronic devices will be made only if considerable effort is devoted to the growth of larges, pure (and particularly, oxygen-free) crystals. Progress in applications of epi-layers and ceramic AlN would almost certainly be assisted also by the availability of more reliable data on the pure material. The essential features of any stategy for the growth of AlN from the vapour are outlined and discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2024

This study conducted voluntary focus group user observations to empirically validate the efficacy of the self-developed psychological support mobile application, "Mindful Now". The app is structured as an interactive game format, enabling individuals to activate self-awareness of mindfulness states anytime, anywhere. It consists of a 3-step process of sensory/emotional/consciousness awareness, facilitating the expression of non-judgmental awareness. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this mindful activation in enhancing psychological well-being such as happiness and stress reduction, voluntary mindfulness mobile app usage was tracked among 49 university students. The results revealed significant improvements, with a 14.4% increase in SWLS happiness index and a 17.1% decrease in PSS-10 stress levels among 12 users who used the app continuously for over 60 days to practice mindfulness awareness. Particularly, higher app engagement was observed among students who initially reported relatively lower indices before using the app. The utilization of mobile apps that promote mindful activation aligns with various therapeutic paradigms based on mindfulness and meditation, contributing to advancements in digital therapeutic interventions for psychological support.