• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2012

This study mainly inquired characteristics and changes of 'Chang-aelgool' through 38 cases(with 161 Ssang-chang) of annex and pavillion buildings in Yeong-nam region which are built during the Chosun dynasty. The method of inquiry included actual survey of windows along with bibliographical research, and the results are as below. First, through the discovery of the term 'Chang-aelgool' as an indication of the window-forming frame in 'YeongGeonUiGwe'(1680 A.D), it is apparent that the term 'Chang-aelgool' was widely used in Korea from the late 17th century. Second, the 'Chang-aelgool' of study objects are classified into 4 categories. Type I and II are comprised of mitre-joints which cover the 4 corners of 'Chang-aelgool' and mainly used in building annex and pavillion buildings during the early period of the Chosun dynasty. Type III was widely used during the early and middle period of the Chosun dynasty and drastically dropped in number during the late period of the dynasty. Type IV is comprised of mitre-joint of the upper-half, tenon-jointing of the lower-half and widely used in annex and pavillion building during the late period of the Chosun dynasty. Third, the form of 'Chang-aelgool' has changed from rectangular form with longer width during the early period of Chosun dynasty to square form during the middle period and eventually ended up as a rectangular form with longer height during the late period of the dynasty. Fourth, it is considered that while mullion which is located in the center of 'Chang-aelgool' was mainly used around the main floored room during the early period of the Chosun dynasty, became commonly used in main floored room and 'ondol' rooms during the middle period and drastically dropped in number from then and ended up being not in use after the mid 18th century.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3C호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2008

한반도 남쪽 경계 부근에 위치한 지리산 내의 불교 사찰인 쌍계사에서 1936년 7월 4일 규모 5.0의 지진이 발생하였다. 이 지진으로 인하여 쌍계사 경내 건축물과 구조물이 심각한 피해를 입었으며, 특히 지진시 사찰 내 오층 석탑의 탑두가 전도하여 추락하였다. 이 지진 피해 사례는 역사 지진 발생 이외의 강진 기록이 전무한 중진 지역의 한반도에서의 지반 운동 세기 평가에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 쌍계사 부지에서의 국부적 부지 효과 및 그에 따른 지반 운동을 평가하기 위하여, 시추와 크로스홀 및 SASW 시험과 같은 현장 탄성파 시험으로 구성된 종합적인 지반 조사를 사찰 경내에서 수행하였다. 조사된 지반 특성을 토대로, 다양한 지진파를 적용한 부지고유 지진 응답 해석을 0.044g부터 0.220g 범위의 여섯 가지 입력 암반 노두 가속도 수준으로 대표적 쌍계사 부지에 대해 일차원 등가선형 및 비선형 기법을 적용하여 실시하였다. 부지고유 지진 응답 결과로부터 쌍계사의 부지 주기 부근의 단주기 영역에서 증폭된 지반 운동을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구의 부지 응답 해석 결과와 선행 연구의 석탑 실물 크기 지진 시험 결과를 비교 분석하여 1936년 지리산 지진의 암반 노두 지진 세기를 평가하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1987

Effects of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Chinese traditional medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) were studied in the rats. BSP was administered via portal vein to the control and the SWT-treated rats. The in vitro distribution of BSP to blood cells and the hemato-physiological conditions, liver weight, GOT. GPT activity were also examined. The systemic clearance $(CL_s)$ of BSP was increased with the administration of SWT, but no significant differences were observed in the liver weight and in vitro distribution of BSP to blood cells. These results suggest that the intrinsic clearance of free BSP of the liver is increased with the administration of SWT in the rats.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한생식의학회 2007년도 제52차 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.124-124
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• 2007

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한생식의학회 2007년도 제52차 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.122-122
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• 2007

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한생식의학회 2007년도 제52차 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.123-123
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• 2007

• 약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 1984

Effects of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Chinease traditional medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the rats of hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride were examined. The disposition of plasma BSP in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats (Group I) and in carbon tetrachloride+SWT-treated rats (Group II) followed a three-compartment model, while those in control group followed two-compartment model. GOT, GPT level and some pharmacokinetic paramiters like plasma clearance but except distribution volume (Vdss) recovered in Group II compared to Group I. Therefore, SWT seemed to have an apparent restoring effect of hepatic function damaged by carbon tetrachloride treatment. From the fact that Vdss of BSP in Group II was considered as an one of the probable mechanisms. More intensive increase in BSP-free fraction ($f_p$) in Group II than that in Group I might also explain the increases of BSP clearance and Vdss in Group II compared to Group I. Assuming no changes in hepatic plasma flow(Q) in each group, hepatic intrinsic clearance($CL^h_{int}$) decreased in Group I did not recovered not at all in Group II. Therefore SWT seemed not to have any restoring effect of true hepaticfunction to biotransform and excrete BSP, and the apparent restoring effect of SWT might be due only to the replacement of BSP-plasma protein binding. Whether $f_p$ is actually higer in Group II than in Group I, and Q is constant in each group are being examined in our laboratory. The changes of Q, which might lead to another conculusions, also should be taken into consideration to clarify the apparent hepatorestoring effect of SWT.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2000

The hydration behavior of fly ash and slag on cement paste were investigated. Early stage of hydration reaction was delayed by mixing fly ash and/or slag with cement, but production of C-S-H hydrates by pozzolanic reaction densified the microstructure. The Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H hydrates in OPC and blended cement of fly ash 50%, slag 50%, fly ash+slag 50% were 2.24, 1.80, 1.82 and 1.97, respectively. The C-S-H gel with low Ca/Si ratio showed rather reticulate than needle-like structure.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

This study uses the SWAT model to analyze the characteristics of long-term runoff at the Ssang-cheon Basin located in the city of Sokcho, which is located in the province of Gangwon. The study considers the effect of snow packing and snow melting in a runoff simulation. In this simulation, the study examines the need to introduce a snow pack and snow melt model to evaluate the water resources of the mountainous region of the Gangwon province. The findings of this study indicate that the runoff hydrograph that was produced approximates the true measured flow when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered, compared to when they are not factored in. The analysis of the flow duration curve indicates that the stream flow largely increases when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered. The wet stream flow was shown to increase by nearly 3% due to the melting effect, while the normal stream flow, low stream flow and drought stream flow were shown to increase by slightly more than 10%. Specifically, it was found that as the stream flow decreases, the effect of the snow pack and snow melt on the stream flow increases.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2008

Hydroforming is a forming technology in which a steel tube is set in a die and formed to fit a specified shape by applying hydraulic pressure from inside the tube while also applying force in the tube axial direction (axial feed). In present study, the entire design process chain for an automotive cross-member was simulated and developed using hydroforming technology on high-strength steel. The part design stage required a feasibility study. The process was designed using computer-aided design techniques to confirm the actual hydroformability of the part in detail. The possibility of using hydroformable cross-member parts was examined using cross-sectional analyses, which were essential to ensure the formability of the tube material for each forming step, including pre-bending and hydroforming. The die design stage included all the components of a prototyping tool. Press interference was investigated in terms of geometry and thinning.