• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.207.3-208
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• 2003

Objectives:We have reported that oral administration of Saiko-ka-Ryukotsu-Borei-To (SRB), a traditional Chinese formulation, inhibited the intimal thickening in carotid artery after balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rats. To elucidate its mechanism, the effects of SRB on migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) were examined in vivo and in vitro.Methods: ＜ In vivo-study＞ Rats were fed on diet containing 1% cholesterol and SRB 3 days before and 4 days after denudation. Simvastatin was used as a positive control. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of extracts from cultured hairy roots of R. undulatum on human kidney epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity was measured by colorimetric assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB) with human kidney epithelial cell lines A498. MTT, NR and SRB quantities decreased propotionally in cultured A498 cells treated with the water or chloroform extracts of cultured hairy roots at increasing concentrations. These results suggest that extracts of cultured hairy roots are cytotoxic on human epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of chloroform fraction was stronger than that of water fraction. The values of $MTT_{50},\;NR_{50}\;SRB_{50}$ of the extracts of chloroform fraction and those of water fraction were measured to be $289.3{\mu}g/ml,\;302.7{\mu}g/ml,\;433.8{\mu}g/ml\;and\;475.8{\mu}g/ml,\;428.3{\mu}g/ml,\;549.5{\mu}g/ml$, in A498 cell line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.527-537
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• 2018

Column tests of a sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) bioreactor were conducted to determine the design factors for sulfate-rich mine drainage. Various substrates were applied to the bioreactor, including cow manure and its mixture with a mushroom compost, with rice straw and limestone as subsidiary materials. This procedure provided a removal efficiency of up to 82% of the total sulfur with the mixture of cow manure (70%), mushroom compost (10%) and rice straw (20%), and higher efficiencies were observed after 2 days of retention time. In the downflow condition of the flow direction, oxygen supply and re-oxidation of the sulfates occurred, causing a decrease in sulfate removal efficiency. The addition of an inorganic sludge containing heavy metals, which was intended for production of metal-sulfides in the bioreactor, had a negative effect on the long-term operation owing to arsenic release and toxicity to the SRB. The results thus show that a bioreactor using a mixed substrate with cow manure and operating in the downflow direction could reduce sulfates and total dissolved sulfur content; this process confirms the applicability of the SRB bioreactor to sulfate-rich saline drainage.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.264-267
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• 1992

The cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants was screened using A549 human lung cancer cell line. Plant materials were extracted with 80% methanol and fractionated to chloroform and water layers. Each methanol, chloroform, and water extract of thirty-two medicinal plants was tested for cytotoxic activity in A549 cell culture system and the cell viability was measured by SRB assay.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.233-235
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• 1992

The number of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in some of the tributaries to the Han River was determined by the most probable number method using Postgate's Medium E.Higher number of SRB were obtained in the streams to which industrial waste water is discharged than those receiving only domestic waste water.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1996

For treating tannery wastewater containing high sulfate and heavy metals, test was performed to assess their performance, competition between SRB (sulfate reducing bacteria) and MPB (methane producing bacteria), and the activity of MPB according to change of chromium concentrations. COD removal efficiency was above 70% at VLR (volumetric loading rate) of 2.0 gCOD/I.day and HRT (hydraulic retention time) of 18hrs at $35^{\circ}C$. In the competition between SRB and MPB, about 15% of the removed COD was utilized by SRB in the begining, but it became 43% at the end. It indicated that MPB was strongly suppressed by the occurrence of significant sulfate reduction since a large electron flow was uptaken by SRB. For the entire experiment, removal efficiencies of chromium concentration were more than 90%. Despite high removal efficiencies of chromium concentration, performance of reactor did not change significantly during the experimental periods. Expecially, chromium (III) is tannery wastewater is less toxic than chromium (VI).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to investigate comparative anti-tumor activity of water extracts of Phellinus gilvus (PGE), Phellinus linteus (PLE), and Phellinus baumii (PBE) in vitro. The anti-tumor activity in the present study was evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) and microtetrazolium (MTT) assay in terms of cell survival level. The tumor cells (sarcoma 180 and P388) were treated with PGE, PLE, and PBE (7.5, 15, and 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and Doxorubicin (DOX) (0.001~10 $\mu\textrm{M}$). The results showed that DOX, PGE, and PLE inhibited proliferation showing a dose-dependent manner against both tumor cells. However, PBE was inhibited by the only 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in both cells proliferation. In conclusion, all of PGE, PLE, and PBE used in this study have shown anti-tumor activity against both sarcoma 180 and P388. Among them, PLE was the most effective in anti-tumor activity against sarcoma 180 (p<0.05) and PGE was against P388 in SRB assay. PLE, however, was against P388 (p<0.05) in MTT assay.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2000

Cannabigerol (1, CBG), methyl 4-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octad ienyl)oxy]-3-methoxybenzoate (2, DTM), 5-fluorouracil (3, FU) as a reference, and cannabidiol (4, CBD) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against KB(ATCC NO, OCL 17) cell lines using two different assays, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and the sulforhod-amine B protein (SRB) assay. These compounds showed inhibitory activity in vitro in the micromolar range against KB cell lines. In general, the antitumor activities of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) were dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration range of 1 to 100 M. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of these compounds in tumor cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these compounds decreases in the following order: DTM > CBD > 5-FU > CBG by MTT assay and DTM = CBD > 5-FU > CBG by SRB assay. CBG 1, DTM 2, 5-FU 3, and CBD 4 were tested for their cytotoxic effects on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts using two different assays, the MTT assay and SRB assay. These compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in vitro in the micromolar range against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In general, the cytotoxic acivities of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) were dose-dependent over the micromolar concentraion range of 1 to 100 M. The comparison of $CD_{50}$ values of these compounds in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts shows that their susceptibility to these compounds in decreases the following order(:) CBD > 5-FU > DTM > CBG by MTT assay, CBD > 5-FU > CBG > DTM by SRB assay. These results suggest that DTM 2 has the most growth-inhibitory activity against KB cell lines.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.285-293
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• 2017

The effects of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on the corrosion and scaling of the Q235 carbon steel has been investigated in the simulated sewage water and oil field gathering pipelines production water, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and three-dimensional stereoscopic microscope. Results indicated that the concentration of SRB reached the maximum value on the ninth day in simulated sewage water with a large amount of scaling on the surface of specimen. In oil field gathering pipelines, a large amount of scaling and mineralization of mineral salts and thick deposition of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layers were also observed on the surface of specimen. The thickness of biofilm was about $245{\mu}m$ within 30 days. After adding microbicides, the thickness of corrosion products film was only up to $48-106{\mu}m$ within 30 days, suggesting that SRB could induce biomineralization. Under-deposit corrosion morphology was uniform in the absence of microbicides while local corrosion was observed in the presence of microbicides.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of phenobarbital sodium(PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on carbofuran cytotoxicity and to develop antitoxic agents based on the effectivness. Experimental groups for carbofuran cytotoxicity were divided into five groups ; medium alone and four treatments of carbofuran (1, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}M)$, and those for compensation effects were divided into six groups ; medium alone, $IC_{50}$ carbofuran and four combinations of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC($IC_{50}$ carbofuran plus 1, 25, 50, $100{\mu}M$ of PB and 3-MC, respectively). After incubation for 48 hrs under the same conditions, MTT(Tetrazolium MTT), NR(Neutral red) and SRB(Sulforhodamine B protein) assay were performed. Fifty percentage inhibition of MTT, NR, and SRB against carbofuran in rat fibroblast cell were 60.7, 82.5 and $87.0{\mu}M$, respectively. At the combination treatments of $IC_{50}$ of carbofuran and $100{\mu}M$ of PB, the significant compensation effects were observed from the results of MTT and NR but not from that of SRB absorbance. And at the combination treatments of $IC_{50}$ of carbofuran and 3-MC, the relatively significant compensation effects were found at $50{\mu}M$ 3-MC from the results of MTT and at $100{\mu}M$ 3-MC from that of NR and SRB absorbances, respectively. From the results of light microscopy, combination treatments of $carbofuran(IC_{50})$ and PB or 3-MC showed good regeneration in carbofuran toxicity of rat fibroblast cells. These results suggest that PB or 3-MC can compensate the cytotoxity of carbofuran insecticide in rat NIH3T3 fibroblast cells.