• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the bioavailability of $Ceclex^{(R)}$ SR TAB (test drug, cefaclor 375 mg/Tablet) with that of Ceclor $MR^{(R)}$ SR IAB (reference drug) and to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefaclor in healthy Korean volunteers. The bioavailability was examined on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (375 mg) of each drug in the fasting state in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, blood samples were collected for a period of 7 hours. Plasma concentrations of cefaclor were determined using HPLC with UV detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_{0-7h},\;C_{max},\;T_{max},\;AUC_{inf},\;K_e,\;t_{1/2},\;V_d/F,\;and\;CL/F)$ were calculated with non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the $T_{max}$, log-transformed $AUC_{0-7h$}$, log-transformed $C_{max},\;t_{1/2},\;V_d/F$, and $CL/F$. The ratios of geometric means of $AUC_{0-7h}\;and\;C_{max}$ between test drug End reference drug were $95.67\%\;(8.55\;vs\;8.18{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml)\;and\;103.86\%\;(2.85\;vs\;2.96{\mu}g/ml)$, respectively. The $T_{max}$ of test drug and reference drug was $2.56\pm0.15\;and\;2.23\pm0.13\;hrs,\;respectively.\;The\;90\%$ confidence intervals of mean difference of logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-7h}\;and\;C_{max}$ were log0.90-log1.04 and log0.91-log1.13, respectively. It shows that the bioavailability of test drug is equivalent with that of reference drug.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2003

$SrBi_2Ta_2O_9(SBT)$and$ZrO_2$thin films for MFIS structure(Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor) were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering method. In order to investigate the effect of heat treatment of insulator layers and MFIS structure, the insulator layers were heat treated from $550^{circ}C;to; 850^{\circ}C$in conventional furnace or RTA furnace under$O_2$and Ar ambient, respectively. After then, C-V characteristics and leakage current were measured. The capacitor with 20 nm thick $ZrO_2$layer treated at RTA$750^{circ}C;in;O_2$ atmosphere had the largest memory window. The C-V and leakage current characteristics of the$Pt/SBT(260nm)/ZrO_2(20nm)/Si$structure were better than those of$Pt/SBT(260nm)/Si$ structure. These results showed that$ZrO_2$films took a role of buffer layer effectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

The Function of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is to control calcium levels by altering PTH (parathyroid hormone) secretion and renal calcium resorption. The influence of calcium on the basal and stimulated release of several hormones from chicken pituitary glands has been determined in vitro. The objective of this study was to identify SNP in chicken CaSR gene and to investigate the effect of the SNP on economic traits. The sequencing analysis method was used to identify nucleotide polymorphisms within chicken CaSR gene. This study identified SNP at position 1949 bp(Genebank accession No : XM_416491) in the exon 1. The SNP changed the amino acid to alanine(GCC) from serine(TCC). This SNP showed three genotypes, AA, AS and SS by digestion with the restriction enzyme NcoⅠ using the PCR-RFLP method. The A963S showed significant effect only on the first lay day (P<0.05) in Leghorn population. Leghorn with the genotype AA had significantly faster the first lay day(137.6) than the genotype AS(143.0, P<0.05). Also, the A963S showed significant effect only on the first lay day(P<0.05) and mean of egg weight(P<0.05) in KNC population. KNC with the genotypes AA ans AS had significantly faster the first lay day (151.0 and 152.6, respectively) than the genotype SS(159.4, P<0.05). And the genotypes SS had significantly heavier the mean of egg weight(50.4 kg, P<0.05) than the genotype AA ans AS (47.5 and 47.8 kg, respectively). According to result of this study, an a allele of the A963S was found to have a significant effect on the first lay day. It will be possible to use this SNP marker on selecting chicken to improve the first lay day.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.982-990
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• 1999

YSZ/LSM composite cathode was fabricated by dip-coating of YSZ sol on the internal pore surface of a LSM cathode followed by sintering at low temperature (800-100$0^{\circ}C$) The YSZ coating significantly increased the TPB(Triple Phase Boundary) where the gas the electrode and the electrolyte were in contact with each other. Sinter the formation of resistive materials such as La2Zr2O7 or SrZrO3 was prevented due to the low processing temperature and TPB was increased due to the YSZ film coating the electrode resistance (Rel) was reduced about 100 times compared to non-modified cathode. From the analysis of a.c impedance it was shown that microstructural change of the cathode caused by YSZ film coating affected the oxygen reduction reaction. In the case of non-modified cathode the RDS (rate determining step) was electrode reactions rather than mass transfer or the oxygen gas diffusion in the experimental conditions employed in this study ($600^{\circ}C$-100$0^{\circ}C$ and 0,01-1 atm of Po2) for the YSZ film coated cathode however the RDS involved the oxygen diffusion through micropores of YSZ film at high temperature of 950-100$0^{\circ}C$ and low oxygen partial pressure of 0.01-0.03 atm.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.167-185
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• 2014

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and major element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions were determined for drill cores (374-3390 m in depth) recovered from three boreholes in the Pohonag basin, southeastern Korea. Shallow-seated volcanic rocks and underlain plutonic rocks were geochemically classified as rhyolite and gabbro-granite, respectively. They showed high-K calc-alkaline trends on the $K_2O-SiO_2$ and AFM diagrams. Zircons from volcanic rocks of borehole PB-1 yielded concordia ages of $66.84{\pm}0.66Ma$ (n=12, MSWD=0.02) and $66.52{\pm}0.55Ma$ (n=12, MSWD=0.46). Zircons from volcanic rocks of borehole PB-2 gave a concordia age of $71.34{\pm}0.85Ma$ (n=11, MSWD=0.79) and a weighted mean $^{206}Pb/^{238}U$ ages of $49.40{\pm}0.37Ma$ (n=11, MSWD=1.9). On the other hand, zircons from plutonic rocks of borehole PB-3 yielded weighted mean $^{206}Pb/^{238}U$ ages of $262.4{\pm}3.6Ma$ (n=21, MSWD=4.5), $252.4{\pm}3.6Ma$ (n=8, MSWD=1.9) and $261.8{\pm}1.5Ma$ (n=31, MSWD=1.3). Detrital zircons from the sedimentary strata overlain the volcanic rocks showed a wide age span from Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic, with the youngest population corresponding to $21.89{\pm}1.1Ma$ (n=15, MSWD=0.04) and $21.68{\pm}1.2Ma$ (n=10, MSWD=19). These dating results indicate that the basement of the Pohang basin is composed of Late Permian plutonic rocks and overlain Late Cretaceous to Eocene volcanic sequences. Miocene sediments were deposited in the uppermost part of the basin, possibly associated with the opening of the East Sea. The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Permian plutonic rocks were comparable with those reported from Permian-Triassic granitoids in the Yeongdeok area, northern Gyeongsang basin. They may have been recycled into parts of the Cretaceous-Paleogene magmatic rocks within the Gyeongsang basin.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Tropospheric aerosols are highly variant in time and space due to non-uniform source distribution and strong influence of meteorological conditions. Backscatter lidar measurement is useful to understand vertical distribution of aerosol. However, the backscatter lidar equation is undetermined due to its dependence on the two unknowns, extinction and backscattering coefficient. This dependence necessitates the exact value of the ratio between two parameters, that is, the lidar ratio. Also, Iidar ratio itself is useful optical parameter to understand properties of aerosols. Tropospheric aerosols were observed to understand variance of lidar ratio at Anmyeon island ($36.32^{/circ}N$, $126.19^{/circ}E$), Korea using a multi-wavelength raman lidar system developed by the Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute Science and Technology (GIST), Korea during measurement periods; March 15$\sim$April $16^{th}$, 2004 and May 24$\sim$ $8^{th}$ 2005. Extinction coefficient, backscattering coefficient, and lidar ratio were measured at 355 and 532 nm by the Raman method. Different types of aerosol layers were distinguished by the differences in the optical properties such as Angstrom exponent, and lidar ratio. The average value of lidar ratio during two observation periods was found to be $50.85\pm4.88$ sr at 355 nm and $52.43\pm15.15$ sr at 532 nm at 2004 and $57.94\pm10.29$ sr at 355 nm and $82.24\pm15.90$ sr at 532 nm at 2005. We conduct hysplit back-trajectory to know the pathway of airmass during the observation periods. We also calculate lidar ratio of different type of aerosol, urban, maritime, dust, continental aerosols using OPAC (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds), Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol using a multi-wavelengh lidar system with Raman channels is quite and powerful tool to characterize the optical propertises of troposheric aerosols.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1501-1503
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• 1999

The $(Sr_{0.85}Ca_{0.15})TiO_3$(SCT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode$(Pt/TiO_2/SiO_2/Si)$ using RF sputtering method. Ag, Cu, Al, Pt films for the formation of top eletrode were doposited on SCT thin films by thermal evaporator and sputtering. The effects of top electodes have be studied on SCT samples with a variety of top electrode materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.1084-1087
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• 2001

The (Sr$\sub$0.85/Ca$\sub$0.15/)TiO$_3$(SCT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode(Pt/TiN/SiO$_2$/Si) using RF sputtering method. The crystallinity of SCT thin films is increased with increase of substrate temperature in the temperature range of 100[$^{\circ}C$]∼500[$^{\circ}C$]. Also, the crystallinity of SCT thin films are obtained at the substrate temperature above 400[$^{\circ}C$]. SCT thin films had (111) preferred orientation. The dielectric constant changes almost linearly in temperature ranges of-80∼+90[$^{\circ}C$]. The temperature properties of the dielectric loss have a stable value within 0.1. SCT thin films used in this study show the phenomena of dielectric relaxation with the increase of frequency, and the relaxation frequency is observed above 200[kHz].

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.545-548
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• 2002

$(Ba_{0.6-x}Sr_{0.4}Ca_x)TiO_3$(BSCT) (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20) powders were prepared by the sol-gel method and BSCT thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing method. The structural properties as a faction of the composition ratio were studied. As a result of the differential thermal analysis (DTA), exothermic perk was observed at around $860^{\circ}C$ dne to the formation of the polycrystalline perovskite phase. The BSCT thick films sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 2h showed the average grain size of $2{\sim}7{\mu}m$. The average thickness of BSCT thick films, obtained by 3 times of screen-printing, was approximately $85{\mu}m$.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.78-85
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• 1994

Sodium arsenite ($NaAsO_2$) was injected to the rat subcutaneously for the study of the acute toxicity of arsenite on hepatocytes, and the effects of pretreatment of arsenite and glutathione on the lethalty of the arsenite treated rats. Arsenite treated rat hepatocytes showed vacuolated cytosol and shrinked nuclear and expanded perinuclear space and cytoplasmic membrane whirl. Rats pretreated with BSO (L-Buthionine-SR-Sulfoximine), less survived than arsenite treated alone. It means that glutathione acts as a protecting agent against the arsenite. Subcutaneous sublethal dose (10mg/kg body weight) treatment was showed the protecting activity to lethality of lethal dose (15mg/kg body weight) treated rat. 10mg/kg body weight sublethal dose effects appeared in six hours intervals of between treatments.