• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 1987

During the period of 10 years from July, 1976 to July, 1986, 154 cases of primary carcinoma of the lung - by the cell type, stage, operability, and survival rate in the resectable cases - are analyzed at the Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Paik Hospital in Seoul. The results are as follows: 1] Histopathological types are squamous cell carcinoma 49% [76 cases], adenocarcinoma 25% [39 cases], undifferentiated large cell carcinoma 9% [14 cases], undifferentiated small cell carcinoma 6% [9 cases], bronchioloalveolar carcinoma 4% [6 cases] and adenosquamous carcinoma 3% [4 cases]. 2] Peak incidence is observed in the 4th decade of life [33%], then 5th [29%] and 3rd [21%] respectively. Male to female ratio is 4 to 1. 3] Evidence of inoperability is observed in 64% [99 cases] by clinical staging workup. Thirty six percent [55 cases] were operated. Of these, post-surgical stage I was 5% [3 cases], stage II, 64% [35 cases] and stage III, 31% [17 cases]. Among total 17 cases of stage III, 14 cases were unresectable with evidence of T2N2M0, while 3 cases were resectable. Resectability is 27%, [41 cases] from the total number of 154 cases. And the resectability for the ex 55 cases is 75% [41 cases]. 4] By cell type, highest resectabitity is the squamous cell carcinoma, 49% [20 cases]. Adenocarcinoma is 32% [13 cases] and bronchioloalveolar, 12% [5 cases]. 5] Survival rate is evaluated for 38 cases of 41 resectable stage I, II and III. Overall 5 year survival rate is 24%, 3 year 32% and 10 year 8%. Survival rate in stage II for 5 year is 25%. In squamous cell type for, 5 year is 42%. Authors believe when surgeons continuous effort of early detection is met with patients early visit, 5 year survival rate for the stage I K II resectable patients will improve more effectively. As well, When the efforts are added to combined modality with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the stage III selected cases of non-small cell carcinoma patients, the enhancement in survival rate is expected.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5899-5902
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• 2015

Background: To compare the current histologic distribution of lung cancer in Lebanon to the worldwide trends, according to the 2004 WHO Classification. Materials and Methods: 1,760 patients with a pulmonary pathology examination at Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital between July 2009 and July 2014 were included. Results: Some 676 out of the total investigated patients (38.4%) had a lung tumor. In 665 (98.4%) the tumors were malignant, with a mean age at diagnosis of 63.8 years and a male/female (M/F) sex ratio of 1.7:1. Among the malignant tumors, 86.2% were epithelial tumors with a mean age at diagnosis of 64.8 years and an M/F sex ratio of 1.9. Other malignant tumors consisted of metastatic tumors (10.2%), lymphoproliferative tumors (2.1%) and mesenchymal tumors (1.5%). Most common carcinoma subtypes were adenocarcinoma (48.0%), squamous cell carcinoma (23.0%) and small cell carcinoma (13.3%). Carcinoid tumors were the only carcinoma subtype with an M/F sex ratio below 1 (0.7). Salivary gland tumors were the carcinoma with lowest mean age at diagnosis (45.5 years). Conclusions: The histologic distribution of lung tumors in Lebanon is similar to that in developed countries. We believe this resemblance is due to common smoking habits, known to be responsible for the increase of lung adenocarcinoma at the expense of other subtypes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Background: Mutated or deregulated expression of C-erbB-2 causes this gene to function as a potent oncogene. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial angiogenic molecule in lung cancer. Both C-erbB-2 and VEGF can promote growth, proliferation and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to investigate evaluate the relationship between the expressions of the C-erbB-2 and VEGF genes using immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five patients with NSCLC were involved (60 squamous cell carcinoma and 35 adenocarcinoma). The formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens were immunohistochemically stained for C-erbB-2 and VEGF using the avidin-biotin complex method. Results: Positive C-erbB-2 expression was observed more often in adenocarcinomas than squamous cell carcinomas (p<0.05). Although the immunohistochemical expressions of C-erbB-2 and VEGF in non-small-cell lung cancer showed increased tendencies at an advanced stage, the correlation between early and advanced cancers was insignificant. In adenocarcinomas, the expressions of VEGF and C-erbB-2 were significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The overexpression fo C-erbB-2 was significantly higher in adenocarcinomas than squamous cell carcinomas, and correlated with the expression of VEGF in adenocarcinomas of the lungs.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2012

Objective : This study reports one case of a patient diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung cancer with bone metastasis. Methods : A 56-year old male patient was diagnosed as squamous cell lung cancer in 1997 and received chemotherapy. The chemotherapy stopped after one cycle because of toxicity and the lung abscess. After four months from the diagnosis, rib metastasis was found and received the radiation therapy for two weeks. After the treatment, adverse effects such as nausea and anorexia appeared. The patient visited K. Korean Medicine Hospital and started the treatment with the allergen removed Rhus verniciflua stokes (aRVS) since December, 1997. Results and Conclusion : During treatment, the patient's quality of life had improved, and he had survived for 14 years after the administration of aRVS. This case suggests that aRVS can be an alternative treatment for the advanced NSCLC patients with bone metastasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.565-573
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• 1998

Malignant pleural effusions are most commonly associated with lung cancers, however, it also can be resulted from breast cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers and so on. According to the their histologic types, adenocarcinoma have been known as the most common cell type of malignant pleural effusions and squamous cell carcinoma is rare. We herein present incidences, clinical characteristics and survivals of malignant pleural effusions according to their cell types and primary diseases. The objects are 84 malignant pleural effusion patients diagnosed by pleural fluid cytologic examination or pleural biopsy from Jan. 1992 to May. 1997 in Seoul National University Hospital. A retrospective chart review on their histologic types, biochemical parameters and survivals is described. Among 84 patients, 52 were males and the other 32 were females with 1.6:1 of male and female ratio and their mean age was 57.6 years old. Common symptoms of them wele dyspnea, cough, sputum and pleuritic chest pain. The proportions of bloody nature of effusion, lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion, exudative effusions were 66%, 39% and 93%, respectively. They consisted of 54 cases of adenocarcinoma(33 cases of them were lung cancers), and 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (8 cases of them were lung cancers), 10 cases of malignant lymphoma, 8 cases of small cell lung cancer and a case of mesothelioma and leukemia. There was no differences in characteristics of effusions, clinical features and survivals between each histologic cell types. Analyzing them according to primary diseases, no difference except longer survivals in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer than from other cancers was observed. In conclusion, considering the incidences of histologic types of lung cancers during same period (squamous cell carcinoma; 47%, adenocarcinoma; 33%, small cell lung cancer; 12% and large cell carcinoma; 2%), malignant pleural effusions more likely occurred in adenocarcinoma than other cell types of lung cancers and there was no significant difference of clinical characteristics between histologic types.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.269-273
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• 2004

Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) associated antigen is a subfraction of TA-4, a tumor-associated antigen first described by Kato and Torigoe in 1977. TA-4, obtained from squamous cell carcinoma cancer tissue of the uterine cervix, has been characterized as a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 45,000 daltons. SCC antigen has been studied in other squamous cell malignancies including lung, esophagus, head and neck, anal canal, and skin. SCC antigen is shed naturally through sweat, saliva and other body fluids. Contamination of specimens, tray, bead dispenser or other accessories with sweat, saliva or aerosols can cause falsely elevated values. To reduce the possibility of contamination, gloves should be worn in all phases of assay preparation, and when handling specimens, accessories or reagents that will be used in SCC and Thyroid function test(TFT).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1579-1582
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• 2012

Objective: To assess differences in serum proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods: 144 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study, with surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and weak cation exchange magnetic beads. Follow-up allowed the relations between serum proteins and prognosis to be analyzed. Results: A total of 93 protein peaks were detected (molecular weight range: 1500-30000), 10 demonstrating statistically significant differences. There were no differences in protein peaks between 92 patients with a survival more than 2 years and 52 patients with survival less than 2 years. There were two significantly different protein peaks between 45 stage II patients with a survival more than 2 years and 14 stage II patients with survival less than 2 years. There was one significantly different protein peak between 22 stage III patients with a survival more than 2 years and 29 stage III patients with survival less than 2 years. Conclusion: Differences of serum proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are related to prognosis of patients. The protein fingerprint can be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5945-5950
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• 2014

Objectives: To retrospectively review the safety and clinical efficacy of bevacizumab concomitant with chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSNSCLC). Methods: Clinical data for 79 patients with NSNSCLC who received bevacizumab concomitant with chemotherapy in Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 28th 2009 to May 5th 2013 were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the clinical efficacy including disease control rate (DCR), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and the safety. Results: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score was 0-2. By the final cutoff date (June 9, 2013), 54 (68.4%) patients had disease progression and 37 (46.8%) died. The ORR was 32.9% and the DCR was 83.5%. The ORR of the first-, second-, and third- or later-line treatments were 51.4%, 25.0% and 12.5%, while the DCR were 94.3%, 80.0% and 70.8%, respectively. The median OS (mOS) and PFS (mPFS) were 13.5 and 5.83 months, respectively. The mOS of patients with the first-, second-, and third- or later- line treatments were 16.2, 10.9 and 8.30 months, while the mPFS were 7.27, 5.90 and 5.17 months, respectively. Chemotherapy-related adverse events included myelosuppression, vomiting, hepatic dysfunction and renal dysfunction, while the common serious bevacizumab-related adverse events were thromboembolic problems, gastrointestinal perforation and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, which could be well managed. Conclusions: Bevacizumab concomitant with chemotherapy is effective and the related toxicity can be well tolerated in Chinese patients with NSNSCLC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2705-2710
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• 2016

Recent evidence haas indicated that meningioma-associate protein (MAC30) exhibits different expression patterns in various tumors. However, little is known about the value of MAC30 in human squamous cell carcinoma of lung (SQCLC). The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression of MAC30 and to explore its clinical significance in SQCLC patients. A total of 156 Chinese patients diagnosed with SQCLC were selected for this study. The expression of MAC30 in all tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze MAC30 mRNA expression in 32 cases of SQCLC patients with corresponding non-tumor lung tissues. We observed enhanced mRNA expression of MAC30 in SQCLC as compared to control samples. Further, elevated MAC30 protein expression was strongly associated with poor tumor differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, we observed that patients with increased MAC30 expression demonstrated poor overall survival. Multivariate analysis explicated that increased MAC30 expression was a valuable independent predictable factor for poor tumor differentiation and short survival in SQCLC patients. Our present study suggests that MAC30 may serve as a biomarker for poor tumor differentiation and outcomes of patients with SQCLC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2007

Background: In pathogenesis and prognosis of lung cancer, significance of enormous types of genetic expression were very compounding and undetermined. We performed this study to search association between clinical characteristics and expression of COX-2, MMP-9 and p53 in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Ninety-one patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. We had searched clinical data retrospectively and performed immunohistochemical staining for COX-2, MMP-9 and p53. We had analyzed significance of these three genes in clinical features and prognosis for survival. Results: 1) In squamous cell carcinoma, male was predominant and was significantly correlated with smoking. 2) Major prognostic determinants for overall survival were curative resection. 3) Expression of COX-2 was more frequent in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. 4) Negative staining of COX-2, MMP-9 and p53 was more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma. 5) Survival duration was longer in the group with positive expression of p53 and negative for COX-2 and MMP-9 (median duration of survival = 165.6 weeks) than groups with the other expressional patterns. 6) Significant correlation was found between expression of MMP-9 and COX-2. In squamous cell carcinoma, expression of MMP-9, COX-2 and mutant p53 were mutually correlated. 7) COX-2 expression was significant prognostic factor for survival in resected cancer group. In unresected inoperable non-small cell lung cancer group, MMP-9 was statistically significant prognostic factor for overall survival. Conclusion: COX-2 and MMP-9 might have some roles for progression or prognosis in some selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer. COX-2 and MMP-9 may have some roles for disease progression or prognosis in selected patients with NSCLC.