• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3455-3460
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• 2012

Objectives: To report the prevalence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesions and to determine the possible association of Pap test results with high-risk human papillomavirus and high squamous intraepithelial lesions in women from Duhok, Iraq. Design: A prospective, observational study was conducted between January 2005 and December 2011. Overall, 596 women with a cervicovaginal Pap test showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 93 atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion for whom pathologic follow-up was available were studied. Follow-up consisted of repeat cytology, colposcopy and histology. High risk human papillomavirus DNA testing was performed on exfoliated cervical cells from 106 women, using conventional PCR after at least 36 months from the initial Pap smear. Results: Significantly high proportions of both atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (87.9%) and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion (62.4%) demonstrated no significant lesion on subsequent follow up. Low squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in 1.7% of cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and in 5.4% of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion. High squamous intraepithelial lesion was demonstrated in 0.8% and 16.1% respectively. In the latter there was also one case of invasive carcinoma. High-risk HPV DNA was demonstrated in 40% of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 57.1% of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesions. Conclusions: Since both atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion identify patients who are at an increased risk for the development of high squamous intraepithelial lesions and a considerable percentage harbor high risk-HPV, both should be retained as diagnostic categories and patients warrant a diligent follow up and testing for high risk-HPV DNA. Colposcopic evaluation and biopsy, when indicated, are a must.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

Squamous papilloma is a benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium, resulting in a papillary or verruciform mass. Verrucous carcinoma is a differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and may present diagnostic difficulties as it may be erroneously diagnosed as squamous papilloma. Squamous papilloma is similar to other oral mucosa malignancy in microscopic view. So, it is difficult to distinguish between squamous cell papilloma and other oral mucosa malignancy. Here are three patients. they were diagnosed as squamous papilloma initially, but the lesion was recurred. In recurred lesion, verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were found. So we report that recurred oral mucosa malignency(verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) which was diagnosed as squamous papilloma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.506-509
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• 2006

Purpose: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin malignancy. It is noted that keratoacanthoma is difficult to differentiate from squamous cell carcinoma, clinically or historically. It is still a hypothetical question whether keratoacanthoma is a pseudomalignancy or a form of squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: We report the case of squamous cell carcinoma around left ala of nose in a 64-year-old female patient. Through an incisional biopsy, the mass was found to be keratoacanthoma in the pathologic report. An excisional biopsy was performed. Results: Pathologic report notified that it was found well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising in keratoacanthoma with focal involvement of deep resection margin. Wide excision was made with 0.5-1.5 cm margin and immediate reconstruction was performed. Conclusion: The relationship between keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma has been debated in the treatment. It is still controversial whether to excise it or not. We concluded that kerathoacanthoma must be removed completely.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.154-158
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• 1997

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland associated with esophageal carcinoma is presented A squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is rare and is prognosis is poor. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is not clear, but at present, it is believed that most cases arise from the follicular epithelium It is very important to know whether squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is primary or secondary. Thus, the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma in the thyroid being the result of a metastasis or extension from a primary tumor in the trachea or esophagus must always be ruled out and intensive evaluation should be required to confirm the diagnosis of this disease. We report a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid associated with esophageal cancer with brief review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1992

It is very rare to diagnose a squamous cell carcinoma when the carcinoma cells are observed in various body fluids. The effusion cytology of squamous cell carcinoma has not been sufficiently studied till now. We examined 10 cases of body fluid cytologic specimen diagnosed as metastatic squamous ceil carcinoma, which were selected among 2,100 body fluid cytology cases collected from 1986 to 1991. The patients had been confirmed to have primary squamous ceil carcinomas. The backgrounds of cellular aspirates were necrotic in most and the cells appeared in clusters or individually. The cell clusters showed round and smooth margins, mimicking adenocarcinoma, but in flat sheets rather than three-dimensional bails. the individual cells were most frequently Graham's 3rd-type cells, found in all cases, which were described as 1.5 times large as the parabasal cells and having small cytoplasmic rims. Other malignant squamous cells were undifferentiated cells, polygonal cells, fiber cells, and tadpole cells with decreasing order of frequency. The recognition of various features of malignant squamous cells would be helpful for the diagnosis of squamous ceil carcinoma found in effusion cytology.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.641-644
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• 2005

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a high incidence. However, regional metastasis occurs infrequently because skin cancer is usually recognized and treated early. We report the case of squamous cell carcinoma around the earlobe in a 74-year-old male patient. The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma invaded ipsilateral parotid gland directly without lymphatic spreading. Wide excision was made with 1.5 cm margin and immediate reconstruction was performed with radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap. During operation facial nerve was preserved. No recurrence was noted for 5 years and the patient was satisfied with good aesthetic result. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma spreads to the parotid gland usually through lymph nodes and there are few reports of invasive organ damage by direct invasion. We experienced a case of direct invasion to parotid gland without lymph node involvement of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and treated the cancer adequately with wide excision and free flap coverage.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1996

A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast was evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 60 year-old female. Squamous cell carcinoma is a rarely encountered lesion in the breast and nine cases of cytologic findings of mammary squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in the world literature. Our case appears to be one of these rare pure squamous cell tumors. The cytologic diagnosis was possible because of the well defined characteristics of the malignant squamous cells, similar to those found in other locations. Thorough examination of the patient did not reveal squamous cell carcinoma elsewhere.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.519-525
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• 2001

The oral cavity has frequent contacts with many carcinogenic compounds and its soft tissue is continuously stimulated by numerous dental factors. We have examined the detailed dental factors and its correlation with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and denture-wearing effects to analyze the effect of the dental factors on the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We have studied clinical contributing factors and the dental factors in the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma when the effects of smoking and drinking are controlled. The study cases are 100 patients(75 males and 25 females) who were diagnosed histo-pathologically as squamous cell carcinoma at the Yonsei Medical Center. The control group was 154 patients who have no systemic malignant tumors. The effects of 6 dental factors were analyzed in this study. They were divided into the smoking group, the non smoking group, the drinking group, and the non-smoking group. The effects of dental factors were analyzed in each group. In this study, we have drawn some conclusions on the relationship between the dental factors and oral squamous cell carcinoma using $x^2$-test. 1. The repaired teeth have statistical significance on the genesis of squamous cell carcinoma. This is probably due to the combining effects of past poor oral hygiene and continuous stimulation due to poor prosthesis. 2. There is statistical significance of the lost teeth in the smoking group, and the repaired teeth and the degree of alveolar bone resorption had statistical significance in the non-smoking group. 3. Smoking and drinking by-itself have no statistical significance in the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, in combination, they have statistical significance. In this study, dental factors had a synergistic effect with smoking and drinking. Together with avoidance of smoking and drinking, appropriate restoration and oral hygiene control are most important factors in the preventive aspects of the oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely rare disease. We evaluated this disease by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 43 year-old female. On physical examination, the thyroid was moderately enlarged and palpated with hard consistency. The cytologic aspirate revealed nests of squamous cells, malignant squame and thyroid follicular cells in the necrotic background. We diagnosed this tumor as squamous cell carcinoma with cytologic evidence. Surgically resected thyroid revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for antithyroglobulin proved that this tumor was primary in origin and clinical study confirmed this lesion to be of primary thyroid origin rather than metastasis or direct invasion from contiguous structures.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

Whlie cytologic characteristics of squamous dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix are well documented, relatively few studios have dealt with the cellular features of microinvasive carcinoma. In order to describe the cellular characteristics of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, we retrospectively reviewed 45 cervovaginal smears(15 carcinoma in situ, 15 microinvasive cancer, 15 invasive cancer) which were confirmed by histologic examination of specimens obtained by hysterectomy at the Seoul National University Hospital during S years from 1995 to 1999. The cytologic features about tumor diathesis, inflammatory background, ceil arrangement, anisonucleosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, nuclear chromatin pattern, and nucleoli were observed. The cytologlc characteristics of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix are syncytial pattern, mild tumor diathesis, the irregularity of nuclear membrane, irregularly distributed nuclear chromatin, and occurrence of micronucleoli. But, correlation between the depth of Invasion and the cytologic feature had limited value.