• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

We studied on corrosion of sprinklers system fire protection, a cause on corrosion of fire installations and a source of the problem. We investigated the influence of fluid mechanics on the corrosion shape of sprinklers system fire protection installations. And we known a problem of early fire extinguishing in fire protection with corrosion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.606-609
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• 1997

Technology in fire sprinklers has exploded. There is more private fire sprinkler research now than ever before. New technology in fire sprinklers has tested the existing standard and found that it was wrong in some cases, it has provided new sprinklers that control fire better while reducing the cost of the overall system. This expansion of the types and applications of fire sprinklers has created a great need for education for the Authorities Having Jurisdiction and the Engineer as they must be able to make informed decisions regarding this new technology. Significant research has been done at Factory Mutual Research Corporation and Underwriters Laboratory in the United States. Full scale fire testing is done to prove any new technology did not lower the level of protection of existing fire sprinkler system installations. In each and every case, the existing level of fire protection was the baseline against which the new sprinklers were tested. This level can not be lowered for the test to be considered a success. This is intended to be an overview of the developments in fire sprinklers. Although extensive detail is not included, the overall aspects of these developments can be discussed. The research that will be covered will include the following general subjects: high piled and rack storage sprinkler protection without in-rack sprinklers, extended coverage and quick response sprinklers for ordinary and light hazard occupancies, as well as special sprinklers and their applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

Recently, many accidents occur frequently because sprinklers aren't installed or don't work right when there are outbreak of fire in houses and aggregate buildings. Therefore, they can result in damage for humans and loss of property. Sprinklers are the most appropriate which can extinguish buildings' fire in the initial stages. Through lack of legal system, in domestic cases, sprinklers cannot operate their inherent performance. Domestic standard simply classifies installation objects according to types of business and forms of buildings, also divides into uses and floors of buildings. Especially it only regulates that sprinklers must be installed every floors in particular fire buildings that have more than eleven floors. While it doesn't need to install sprinklers below ten floors, so we are threatened the safety. In this study, we derived causes and implications by analyzing concepts of sprinklers facilities, installation standards in domestic and foreign legal system, and recent cases that expanded damages in fire accidents because of weak point of installation and control standards. In domestic cases, as a result, government has to provide an institutional strategy and law that regulate duty to install sprinklers to all aggregate buildings regardless of floors in terms of new buildings. Also, if someone who has existing buildings wanted to install them, government would guarantee subsidy to encourage installation. In addition, government supervises fire-fighting activities when there are fire by compensating standards about regular inspection by a qualified technician, operation and maintenance of sprinklers as well as reinforcement of administrative criteria.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2014

Design by means of the pipe schedule sprinkler system of NFSC 103 results in insufficient pressure and flow rate about 50% sprinklers of operating area. In order to solve the lack of pressure and flow rate, This paper compare and analyzed NFSC 103, National Fire Safety Code of Sprinkler System, with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and suggested an alternative proposal. Changing the flow rate of each sprinkler from existing 80 L/min to 120 L/min, All of the operating sprinklers are fulfilled the minimum demands on 80 L/min and 1 bar. It is easy for everyone to design of the pipe schedule sprinkler system and it is optimum method that all sprinklers in design area are satisfied with minimum criteria.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

In this study, Fire Hazards were evaluated through computer simulation using FDS program for an apartment fire accident. The results of fire simulation showed that the maximum heat release rate in the case of no sprinklers activation was 7,700 kW which was about 16 times of that in the case of sprinklers activation, 497 kW and there was a very high fire hazard due to the backdraft phenomenon when the door of fire room was forced to open. Regarding the hazard time of fire room temperature and detection time of detectors, available evacuation time was 32.5 seconds of minimum to 53.5 seconds of maximum. In the case of sprinklers activation, fire hazard in the apartment was showed to be very low due to the fire control by the spray cooling of sprinklers. This study shows that what a important function for fire safety is the activations of fire sprinkler system and emergency alarm system and what a large loss can cause if these systems don’t activate in fire accidents.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Although the subject of sprinkler installations in Korean regulations is less strict than in other advanced countries, many building owners and managers tend to install sprinklers only in the types of buildings designated by law or create building designs for which sprinkler installation standards are not applied. This is because priority is given to cutting installation expenses rather than providing building fire safety. In this study, the benefit is estimated for various expenses from installation and maintenance of sprinklers as an investment. As a result of comparing sprinkler system installation expense and the financial benefit by efficiency analysis, the payback period is 1/20 of the building life expectancy and its efficiency is twice the expense. Therefore, installation of sprinklers by regulation has financial efficiency and it is desirable to broadly encourage the installation of sprinklers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.70-89
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• 2005

Fire scenarios in a space $20.0m\;\times\;4.0m$ floor and 3.0m high were simulated by using computational fluid dynamics program (FDS 4.0.3) to investigate the effect of the combined operation of both sprinkler and vent systems, which are installed for cooling and blocking smoke which propagates beneath the ceiling of a horizontal corridor, on the temperature and smoke density of it. It was shown that the combined operation both sprinkler and vent systems was more effective than each operation for cooling and blocking smoke, the number of operating sprinklers was two because of corner effect of wall, and over-installed sprinklers deteriorated the effect of cooling and blocking smoke. This study showed that the case of two sprinklers and vent flow rate $3.0m^3/s$ in fire scenario was the most effective for cooling and blocking smoke. It was confirmed that the smoke downdrag occurs in operating sprinkler system, and the more smoke droplets produced by increasing fire size, the greater smoke downdrag occurred.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

A rack-type warehouse has the advantage of storing a large amount in a small area by loading goods vertically. But in terms of fire risk, the fire load is very high, which can cause massive damage in the event of a fire. In the United States, research has been actively conducted to minimize the spread of vertical fires, and relevant standards have been established and operated. In Korea, research and related standards are insufficient to prevent the vertical spread of rack-type warehouse fires. In this study, an experimental study was conducted to prevent the vertical spread of a rack-type warehouse fire using a horizontal barrier and in-rack sprinklers. As a result of the test, the horizontal barrier considering the continuous flame prevented the vertical spread of the flame for a certain time. However, the horizontal barrier with continuous flame did not show the effect of preventing continuous flame. The combination of the horizontal barrier and the in-rack sprinkler prevented the vertical spread of fire effectively. In addition, the heat collecting effect through the horizontal barrier was shown and helped the early operation of the in-rack sprinklers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

The sprinkler system is regarded as the most effective fire extinguishing system. In this study, we proposed a sprinkler layout optimization framework based on fire simulation and mathematical programming. As a case study, the target space in the form of ordinary residence was set up with the size of $5.2m(L){\times}5.4m(W){\times}2.4m(H)$, and we constructed the fire scenario that polyurethane couch was ignited through carelessness. And we simulated and analyzed fire speed, temperature change and heat release rate according to the type and number of sprinklers installed. Through the formulation of installation and damage costs depending on sprinklers, the sprinkler layout showing optimal performance was resulted from mathematical programming.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2012

In this research, configulation of outside sprinkler system the prevention and postponement of vertical diffusion of blaze was studied prior to this study, vertical diffusion protecting sprinkler head has been developed and the sprinkler system was applied with discharge pressure of 0.05 MPa and flow of 60 l/min witch is stated in NFPA13's Exposure Protection Sprinkler Systems. Through the system design, we applied the system to the sample building and we made pertinent system to work manually and automatically linked to a fire alarm system. Also, we conducted a real-size mock up test verify the cooling effect of the outer wall and the postponement effect of the flame.