• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.5 s.86
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• pp.387-394
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• 2006

In order to see the effect of die deformation on the forming analysis of sheet metals, the draw-ins, strains, and spring-backs of an automotive fender panels are numerically simulated by considering the die deformation found by the simultaneous structural analysis of press and dies. By coupling the forming analysis and the structural analysis, the die deformation is simultaneously taken into account in the forming process. Furthermore, for the consideration of load difference transferred among the upper die, punch, and blank holder due to the changes in sheet thickness, the gap elements are employed instead of the blank sheet in the structural analysis. The numerical simulation results of an automotive finder draw panel are compared with the measurements. The comparison of the forming and spring-back analysis results between the rigid die and the deformed die shows that the consideration of tool deformation can predict more accurately the forming and spring-back of sheet metals.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

The main advantages of the Dry CVT with V-belt, which has been popular in Asia, are a simple mechanism, less maintenance and low cost. The important factors which have an influence on the performance of the CVT are the weight of the centrifugal roller, the change of axial distance and spring force. Based on an experiment, the effects of load torque, speed ratio, and revolution of both the driving pulley and the driven pulley during the alteration of the axial distance, roller weight and spring constant were studied.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.210-217
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• 1996

Under strong shock loads including earthquake or blast, structures may start to crack in stress concentrated members. The continuous behavior of the structure changes to the discontinuous. In this study, numerical method analyzing continuous and discontinuous behavior of a structure is developed using a modified distinct element method. Equations of motion of each distinct element are integrated using the central difference method, one of the finite difference methods. Interactions between he elements are considered by an element and pore spring. The forces acting in the center of an element include contact stress transferred by element spring; tensile stress by pore spring; and external traction such as earthquake or blast load. To verify the proposed method, the behavior of the cantilever beam subject to the quasi-static concentrated force at the end is investigated. The failure behavior of the simply supported beam subject to the strong shock at the center is studied. The proposed method can predict the failure behavior of the structure due to the shock loading and the post-failure discontinuous behavior of the structure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.602-609
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• 2001

This paper is concerned with the orthotropic problem of diaphragm-type air springs which consist of rubber linings, nylon reinforced rubber composite and bead ring. The analysis is carried out with a finite element method developed to consider the orthotropic properties, geometric nonlinearity using four-node degenerated shell element with reduced integration. Physical stabilization scheme is used to control the zeroenergy mode of the element. The analysis includes an inflation analysis and a lateral analysis of an air spring for the deformed shape and the spring load with respect to the vertical and l ateral deflection. Numerical results demonstrate the variation of the outer diameter, the fold height, the vertical force and the lateral force with respect to the inflation pressure and the lateral deflection.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 1975

Tidal Flushing at the entrance channels of tidal bay or estuary in the central western coast of Korea; Gum River Estuary, Garorim Bay, Asan Bay, and Yeomha Estuary were studied with the recent data of current surveys measured by curret meter at three or five anchored stations along the section for one or two tidal periods at mean spring tide. Equilibrium relationship between tidal prism at mean spring tide and minimum flow area below the mean sea level of the channel in alluvial material was found as of O'Brien's (1931, 1969) study. Bed load transport in the tidal channel is balanced with the tidal flushing ability having a mean velocity of about 0.75m/sec or maximum velocity of about 1.25m/sec for a half tidal cycle over the section at mean spring tide which fairly agree with Brunn's study(1955, 1957). flushing actions for different hydraulic depth( mean depth) and bed material size in the channel were reviewed and found that it depend to a minor extent on the factors.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

Electro-hydraulic spring return actuator(ESRA) is utilized for air conditioning facilities in a nuclear power plant. It features self-contained, hydraulic power that is integrally coupled to a single acting hydraulic cylinder and provides efficient and precise linear control of valves as well as return of the actuator to the de-energized position upon loss of power. In this paper, the algebraic equations of ESRA at steady-state have been developed for the analysis of static characteristics that includes control pressure and valve displacement of pressure reducing valve, flow force on flapper as well as its displacement over the entire operating range. Also, the effect of external load on piston deviation is investigated in terms of linear system analysis. The results of static characteristics show the unique feature of force balance mechanism and can be applied to the stable self-controlled mechanical system design of ESAR.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

Recently, the flat wiper which is one piece wiper and subjected to a pressing force at a single center point is gaining wide applications on automotive windshields. However, nonuniform reactive pressure distributions takes place, so that wiping is not completed at such locations. The wiping performance of the flat wiper is best when a wiper and a curved windshield have perfect contact without gaps under the specified pressing force of 13 ~ 15 gf/cm. Therefore, it is necessary that the realistic curvature equation of a wiper spring-rail should be obtained. Finite element analysis, CATIA script-macro function, and the least square method were utilized to find out the curvature of a spring-rail for a perfect contact with a windshield under a specified concentrated load. The curvature equation became the third order polynomial.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.47-53
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• 2013

The wide application of disc springs to the designing of mechanical products with space limit is mainly attributable to their property of sustaining large axial load with small displacement. Due to the impediments in expecting the final results caused by the significant differences existing between a single unit and a stacked form, the force-displacement characteristics of a single disc spring and stacked disc springs are mainly examined in this study. In particular, the hysteresis of the series stack and the parallel stack will be investigated through the FE analysis and the analytical results will finally be compared with the acquired experimental data. In the final result, the analytical results were in accordance with the experimental data.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.3 no.3 s.9
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Frame is one of the most commonly used structural systems for the resistance of applied loads. Many researchers have recently conducted their studies to investigate the effect of several parameters such as the connection flexibility, boundary condition of each support, beam-to-column stiffness ratio. These parameters play important roles on the characteristic behavior of frames. A simplified spring model is proposed to obtain the story drifts of frames with various beam-to-column connection stiffnesses in this research. A point bracing system with adequate spring stiffness is also suggested to establish the relationship between the applied load and the resisting translational spring stiffness within the limit state of story drift.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.169-174
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• 2002

The developments of the solar and the wind power energy are neccessary since the future alternative energies that have no pollution and no limitation are restricted. Currently power generation system of existing problems, combined generation system of photovoltaic(400W) and wind power generation system(400W) was suggested. It combines wind power and solar energy to have the supporting effect from each other. However, weather condition, power compensation device that uses elastic energy of spiral spring to combined generation system was also added for the present study. In an experiment, when output of system gets lower than 12V(charging voltage), power was continuously supplied to load through the inverter by charging energy obtained from generating rotary energy of spiral spring operates in small scale generator.