• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권9호통권81호
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• pp.751-755
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• 2005

This paper is concerned with spring back after sheet forming of bulk amorphous alloys in the super cooled liquid state. The temperature-dependence and strain-rate dependence of Newtonian/non-Newtonian viscosities as well as the stress overshoot/undershoot behavior of amorphous alloys are reflected in the thermo-mechanical Finite Element simulations. Hemispherical deep drawing operations are simulated for various forming conditions such as punch velocity, die comer radius, friction, blank holder force, clearance and initial funning temperature. Here, spring back by an instantaneous elastic unloading was followed by thermal deformation during cooling, and two modes of spring back are examined in detail. It could be concluded that the superior sheet formability of an amorphous alloy can be obtained by taking the proper forming conditions for loading/unloading.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

The analysis of an air spring characteristics is necessary to design and control automotive air suspension system properly. A mathematical model of an air spring was derived in light of energy conservation first. Then static and dynamic experiments of the air spring have been fulfilled. The static stiffness with various initial pressures and effective areas were obtained from the static experimental results. Theoretical static stiffness obtained by using the mathematical model and effective area data is in close accordance with the experimental estimation. The dynamic experimental results show that the hysteresis in displacement-force cycle decreases when the frequency of the harmonic displacement excitation signal increases, but it does not change too much as the frequency is higher than 1Hz. And the dynamic stiffness goes up with increasing of the initial pressure and the excitation frequency.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.220-225
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• 2003

Recent issue of optical actuator is applying to mobile device. It leads actuator to become smaller than conventional type. This paper proposes the design of micro actuator plate spring and analysis of its vibration characteristic. Considering natural frequency of spindle motor, 1st and 2nd eigenfrequency of micro actuator must avoid its natural frequency. First, magnetic circuit is designed by using fine pattern coil and magnetic force is acquired by simulation program. Then, concept design is achieved by topology optimization. From concept design, micro actuator plate spring is embodied through DOE(design of experiment). Finally, considering vibration characteristic simultaneously, optimal plate spring design is determined by RSM(response surface method).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2007

The spacer grid set is a part of a nuclear fuel assembly. The set has a spring and the spring supports the fuel rods safely. Although material nonlinearity is involved in the deformation of the spring, nonlinearity has not been considered in design of the spring. Recently a nonlinear response structural optimization method has been developed using equivalent loads. It is called nonlinear response optimization equivalent loads (NROEL). In NROEL, the external loads are transformed to the equivalent loads (EL) for linear static analysis and linear response optimization is carried out based on the EL in a cyclic manner until the convergence criteria are satisfied. EL is the load set which generates the same response field of linear analysis as that of nonlinear analysis. Shape optimization of the spring is carried out based on EL. The objective function is defined by minimizing the maximum stress in the spring while mass is limited and the support force of the spring is larger than a certain value. The results are verified by nonlinear response analysis. ABAQUS is used for nonlinear response analysis and GENESIS is employed for linear response optimization.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of force loading on root damage caused by contact with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) during orthodontic treatment and to examine the repair process 4, 8, and 12 weeks after TAD contact by micro-computed tomography (CT). Methods: We enrolled 42 volunteers who required bilateral upper first premolar extractions. The experimental study design was as follows. For both first premolars, cantilever springs were placed, and then TADs were immediately inserted between the premolars of all volunteers. According to the removal order of the appliances, the participants were divided into the TAD group (Group T: n = 21, only TAD removal) and the spring group (Group S: n = 21, only spring removal). A splitmouth design was adopted in both groups as follows. For each volunteer, the left premolars were extracted 4, 8, or 12 weeks after TAD-root contact. The right premolars were extracted immediately after contact in both groups (Groups T-C and S-C) and used as positive controls. Resorption volumes and numbers of craters were determined by micro-CT. Results: The numbers of resorption craters were higher in Group T than in Group S at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Crater volumes were higher in Group T than in Group S at 4 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01, both). Conclusions: Root injury was not completely repaired 12 weeks after root-TAD contact, even when the TADs were removed in cases of continuous force application.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1368-1374
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• 2018

In this paper, forced vibration was used to regulate the droplet migration, fully recording the transient migration of droplets on a micro-textured substrate under the resonance frequency by a high-speed camera. The influence of resonance frequency and dynamic migration characteristics of droplets on the solid micro-texture surface under lateral vibration were researched. The experiment demonstrates that the driving force is caused by the difference between the left and right contact angles made the droplet oscillate and migrate, and as time t increases, the left and right contact points are periodically shifted and the amplitude of migration increases. Therefore, based on the droplet migration behavior and its force balance mechanism, a spring vibration model of migration behavior of the vibrating droplet micro unit was set up to predict the complete trajectory of its migration on a solid surface. The calculation results show that the theoretical displacement is less than the experimental displacement, and the longer the time, the larger the difference. Affected by the vibration, part of the droplet permeates through the micro-texture, resulting in the droplet losing height and the contact angle becoming smaller as well. While the other part of droplet overcomes the internal surface tension to migrate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2017

안전릴리프밸브는 배관라인 혹은 탱크의 과도한 압력을 완화하고 사용 적정압력 수준으로 유지해주는 장치이다. 안전릴리프밸브는 스프링 보닛에 통풍구가 대기 쪽으로 혹은 배출구 쪽으로 뚫려 있는지에 따라 배압의 변화에 직접적으로 영향을 받게 된다. 배압은 축적 배압(Built-up back pressure)과 부과 배압(superimposed back pressure)으로 나뉘게 되며 사용조건에 따라 배압의 특성이 달라진다. 본 연구에서 사용되는 안전밸브는 Conventional Safety Relief Valve로써, 배압의 특성을 가정하였다. 또한 개방력과 스프링력 사이의 힘의 평형 방정식을 세워 이론적 접근방법으로 초기 스프링 변위를 구하였다. 디스크가 받는 반력 즉 개방력과 스프링력을 비교하여 블로우 다운을 예측하였다. 블로우 다운은 설정 압력과 디스크 재닫힘 압력 간의 차이다. 본 연구는 ASME 규격 코드에 따라서 블로우 다운 시험 전에 전산 유동해석프로그램 CFX17.1을 이용하여 수치적으로 예측하였음을 밝힌다. 또한 유체-구조 연성해석(fluid-structure interaction analysis)을 통해 안전밸브 트림부의 안전성을 검토하였다. 향후, 시험과 전산수치해석 값을 서로 비교하여 블로우 다운 이론적 접근방법과 유동해석방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1287-1294
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• 2005

이 논문은 자유단이 스프링으로 지지되고 자유단 집중질량을 갖는 Beck 기둥의 안정성 해석에 관한 연구이다. Bernoulli-Euler보 이론을 이용하여 경사종동력을 받는 Beck 기둥의 자유진동을 지배하는 미분방정식과 경계조건을 유도하였다. 이 미분방정식을 수치해석하여 하중-고유진동수 곡선을 얻고 이로부터 발산임계하중 및 동요임계하중을 산출하였다. 수치해석의 결과로부터 경사변수, 집중질량 및 스프링 강성이 임계하중에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2023

차량 충돌 시 벨트를 잡아당겨 탑승자의 상해 가능성을 최소화하기 위한 안전장치인 프리텐셔너는 화약 폭발 방식으로 구동되므로 화재나 파편이 튀는 2차 사고의 위험이 있으며 사고 발생 후 프리텐셔너 내부의 가스 발생기 뿐만 아니라 매니폴더를 포함한 연결 부품 모두를 교체해야 하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 안전하고 반영구적으로 사용이 가능한 탄성력 기반 프리텐셔너를 제안한다. 기존 프리텐셔너의 작동 원리를 열역학적/동역학적 관점으로 분석한 후 프리텐셔너 전개를 위해 필요한 가스 폭발에너지를 탄성에너지로 변환하였다. 또한 비감쇠 진동해석을 통해 프리텐셔너 작동시간을 확인하였으며 폭발 압력과 전개 시간 조건을 모두 만족하는 스프링 강성을 선정하였다. 스프링 부착 위치에 따른 차량 내부 설치 규격을 고려하여 코일 스프링 형상 및 고정부를 설계하였으며 제작을 통해 탄성력 기반 프리텐셔너의 성능 검증을 수행하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2014

This paper describes a design and manufacture of a two-axis force sensor and a single-axis force sensor for the fingers of an intelligent robot's hand. The robot's finger is composed of a two-axis force sensor, a first knuckle, a single-axis force sensor, a second knuckle, a spring, a motor of first knuckle, a motor of second knuckle, and so on. The two-axis force sensor attached to the first knuckle and the single-axis force sensor attached to the second knuckle were designed and manufactured, and the characteristics test of two sensors was carried out. As a test results, the interference error of the two-axis force sensor was less than 0.68%, the repeatability error of each sensor was less than 0.02%, and then the non-linearity was less than 0.03%. It is thought that the sensors can be used for the fingers of the intelligent robot's hand for rehabilitation exercise of finger patients.