• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.121.1-121.1
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• 2010

We analyzed the temperature and chemical composition of 376 hot springs in Korea. It took about three days for the temperature to stabilize after the pumping test. After the stabilization, in-situ and laboratory analyses of the hot spring water were carried out. The average temperature and TDS were $29.95^{\circ}C$ and 2,071mg/L, respectively. The temperature ranging $25-30^{\circ}C$ were recorded from 70% of hot springs, and $30-35^{\circ}C$ of 15.4%. The maximum temperature was about $78^{\circ}C$. The value of TDS in 79% of the wells was below 1,000 mg/L. 5.5% of the wells, mostly developed near seashore, shows higher values than 10,000mg/L of TDS suggesting the influence of seawater. The hot spring water shows 8.49 of pH representing a weak alkali. For the mineral compositions dissolved in the hot spring in Korea, Na (431 mg/L) and Ca (188 mg/L) are the major cations, and Cl (840 mg/L) and $SO_4$ (213 mg/L) are the major anions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.279-289
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• 2004

This study was conducted to compare the hunting reaction of finger in the cold water. Finger skin temperature is measured the left middle finger tip immersion in cold water of 5℃ for 30 minutes and measurements were made on finger skin temperature(Ts), thermal comfort, and cold pain sensations during the experiment at the spring (March) and Winter(December). Results were follows. Is before immersion was at the highest in spring and at the lowest in winter and was closely related to the indoor temperature Ts during immersion and recovery. Mean of finger skin temperature(MST), the skin temperature at the first rise(TTR) and amplitude of finger skin temperature reaction during immersion(AT) were significant higher in spring than that in winter(P＜.01). The lowest skin temperature(LST) during the cold water immersion were significantly higher in spring than that in winter (P＜.05). The frequency of the appearance of cold-Induced vase dilation(CIVD) was higher in spring than that in winter. However, time for the first temperature(TTR) and recovery time(RT) had no seasonal variation. In addition, cold pains during immersion were felt more strongly in spring than in winter. Local thermal sensation, finger thermal sensation in dynamic state during hand immersion was different from that in the Winter. Spring was slowly cold in cold water immersion.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.439-457
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• 2002

Sping waters at 60 sites and groundwaters at 6 wells in Mts. Geumjeong and Baekyang area were investigated for measuring nine physicochemical components (temperature, pH, Eh, EC, TDS, DO, salinity, alkalinity and discharge rate). The pH of spring waters ranges from 5.06 to 8.38, alkalinity from 7.93 to 102.21 mg/ㅣ, electrical conductance from 9.5 to $270{\;}\mu\textrm{s}/cm$, Eh from 64.2 to 685.9 mV, DO from 4.57 to 12.13 mg/l, and the discharge rate from 4.26 to 182.2 ml/s. General statistics was carried out to analyze statistical characteristics of those components. To compare the components with one another, regression analyses were carried out. And the components of spring waters were compared to those of groundwaters. Kriging was used to estimate the spatial variation of DO, pH, Eh, EC, alkalinity and discharge rate in the study area. The kriged isopleth maps were made using normalized kriged values to find anomalies of the physicochemical components and to compare anomalies of different components.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 1991

Growth status, plant nutrition and soil chemical properties were investigated for lettuce, spring onion and red pepper grown under vinyl house near Yesan. Low Ca and Mg with high K in soil resulted in Ca deficiency with slight Mg insufficiency in Korean lettuce. In this soil pH was low and EC was extremely low. Spring onion(Allium wakegi) can not emerge or showed poor growth(50%) due to high EC(above 0.5m mho/cm) and low pH (below 6.2). Red pepper plant showed wilt disease probably due to low soil pH.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 1991

Patterns of ginseng damage by larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates in spring were investigated in 3rd year ginseng fields from 1986 to 1990. Ginseng damages were more serious in outer areas than inner areas of ginseng fields, which seemed to be due to nocturnal migration behavior of adult females. Damaged parts of 3rd year ginseng plants due to 3rd instar larvae were top, middle, bottom or whole of main roots, and rarely underground stems. Mean inhabitation depth of 3rd instar larvae were 3.2cm, 5.6cm, 6.6cm and 4.9cm in 1st, 2nd and 3rd year ginseng fields and mugwort fields, respectively. Larval feeding damage of ginseng in spring oc¬curred mainly from mid-May to early July and appeared to decrease temporarily when rainfalls increased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1992

This study was attempted to analyze amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, reducing sugars and dietary fiber of Artemisia mongolica Fischer to establish the value as an useful vegetable. Total free amino acids of mugworts plucked in spring and autumn were 1048.1 mg% and 2187.1 mg% respectively. The contents of linoleic and linolenic acids were 76.7% in spring mugworts and 69.5% in autumn ones. Mugworts gathered in spring and autumn showed 0.16 mg% and 0.15 mg% for thiamin, 1.81 mg% and 1.74 mg% for riboflavin, 5.34 mg% and 5.36 mg% for niacin and 26.12 mg% and 25.21 mg% for ascorbic acid. Mineral contents of spring and autumn mugworts were 17.8 mg% and 20.5 mg% for iron, 0.3 ppm and 0.4 ppm for selenium. The contents of reducing sugar were fructose 9.75 mg% for spring, 9.78 mg% for autumn and the contents of dietary fiber were 37.57% for spring and 38.41% for autumn.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1990

The values of blood composition were analyzed by age, season, and sex from Chejuhorse in Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1. The values of white blood cell(WBC), packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) were significantly different between age. The WBC value was decreased with the progress of age and the PCV value was lower in the early age of 1,2 to 3 years than in the higher age of 4 to 5, and over 6 years. 2. The mean value of MCV was increased with the progress of age but the adverse was true in MCHC. 3. In the case of seasons, the values of red blood cell(RBC), WBC, hemoglobin(Hb) PCV, MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), MCHC, globulin(Glo), albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio, inorganic phosphorus(Pi), cholesterol(Chol), and chlorine(Cl) showed significant differences. The number of RBC was not varied from winter to summer but decreased in autumn. The number of WBC was high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring. 4. The values of MCV were high in autumn and winter, but low in spring and summer. 5. The values of MCH and MCHC were similar in spring and summer, but strikingly increased in autumn. 6. The values of Glo and A/G ratio were negatively correlated with the season; The value of A/G ratio was lowest in summer but no differences were observed in spring, autumn and winter. On the other hand, the value of Glo was highest in summer but no differences were observed in spring, autumn, and winter. 7. The values of Pi, Chol, and CI were high in summer and winter, but low in spring and autumn. 8. The values of RBC, MCV, and MCH were significantly different between sex. The value of the RBC count in male was higer than the female, but the adverse is true in MCV, and MCH.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

The hot spring water of the north Jeonla province such as Wanggung, Jookrim, Seokjung, and Hwasim, has fluoride concentration of 3.9 mg/L, 12.7 mg/L, 1.9 mg/L, and 6.3 mg/L, respectively. These figures fairly exceed the Korean and WHO standard for potable water, which is 1.5 mg/L. Therefore, in this study, research on elimination of fluoride in a hot spring water of Jookrim region, which has the highest level of fluoride concentration level in the north Jeonla province, was carried out. In analysis of Jookrim hot spring water according to the water quality standard for potable water, pH was very high at 9.25 and the concentration of fluoride was 10 times higher than the standard at 18.2 mg/L. Other measurements were within the standard or not detected. After injecting 10g of activated carbon for elimination of fluoride, the fluoride concentration was measured at 13.5 mg/L, and when 70mL or more of alum 10 g/L solution was injected, the concentration was measured at 2.8 mg/L, and injecting 3g of lime was measured at 9 mg/L. Alum showed the best elimination performance among all individual injections. Injection of 25 mL of activated carbon and 100 mL of alum solution together reduced the fluoride concentration down to 1.3 mg/L, which is under the potable standard. Injection of lime 1g and 75 mL of alum 10 g/L solution together reduced fluoride concentration to 4.1 mg/L. From the modifying HRT, by using ion exchange resin column, the pH was stabilized when HRT was Imin and showed range of $6.7{\sim}7.8$. The fluoride concentration reduced gradually as the HRT increased, and satisfied the potable standard when HRT passed 6 min, and after 30 min HRT, the concentration of fluoride was 0.05 mg/L: almost eliminated.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of Yersiniae and correlation between Yersiniae and indicator organism by time and area in spring water located in northern part of Seoul. Samples collected from 46 spring waters located in four mountains(Dobong, Bukhan, Surak, Bulam) were inspected to detect Yersiniae and indicator organisms. And also there were examined bioserological characteristics and resistance of ahtibiotics of the isolated Yersiniae.The result were as follows. 1. The isolation rate of Yersiniae was 22% in February and 20% in April. The isolated species were 6 strains of Y. enterocolitica, 6 strains of Y. aldova, 4 strains of Y. intermedia and 43 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The serotype of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from was all O:5 and biotype of Y. enterocolitica isolated from was all O:3. 2. The Geometric mean of standard plate count, coliform, and psychrotrophilic bacteria were 3.4 CFU/ml, 1.2 MPN/100 ml and 33.0 CFU/ml in February and 3.1 CFU/ml, 1.5 MPN/100 ml and 20.5 CFU/ml in April respectively. There was no significant difference by time and area but the indicator organisms were correlated significantly with each other (p<0.05). 3. Because detection of Yersiniae was not statistically associated with indicator organism, Yersiniae can be detected in the spring water approved microbiologically (p<0.05). 4. The Yersiniae isolated were resistant to Ampicillin, Colistin, Carbenicillin and Coilstin. All isolaed Y. enterocolitica were resistant to Ampicillin (100%). In the case of Y. pseudotuberculosis, only 1 of 3 isolated was resistant to Colistin but susceptible to other antibiotics.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.31-41
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• 2003

This research was designed to investigate the effect of hand and sensibility image on the preference to textiles for slacks. 85 subjects majored in fashion design were surveyed and 10 kinds of fabrics used as specimen at each season. Factor analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation, Regression were used for statistical analysis by SPSS Win 11.0. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall season, 5 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility factor of textiles for slacks. 2. 5 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility in Summer. 3. 6 factors were extracted as hand factor and 3 factors as sensibility in Winter season. 4. There were significant differences according to sex between hand factor and sensibility image in Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall. 5. There were significant correlations between hand factor and sensibility image in Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall, Summer and Winter. 6. Hand and sensibility image effected on the preference to textiles for slacks in Spring ${\cdot}$ Fall, Summer and Winter.