• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to design a hydraulic actuator to operate under high pressure conditions. The flow characteristics under design conditions of hydraulic actuator were numerically conducted by commercial fluid dynamic code(ANSYS CFX V11). The numerical analysis was performed by transient technique according to the variation of stroke times, which was changed from 0 to 1 second by interval of 0.01. Turbulence model, $k-\omega$ SST was selected to secure more accurate prediction of hydraulic oil flow. The ICEM-CFD 11 and CFXMesher, reliable grid generation software was also adapted to secure high quality grid necessary for the reliable analysis. According to the simulation results, the flow rate which was supplied to the hydraulic actuator was 30.4l/min. These results are in good agreement with design results within 3.5% error.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2017

High-pressure gas atomization was employed to prepare the Fe-based $Fe_{50}Cr_{24}Mo_{21}Si_2B_3$ alloy powder. The effect of flow rate of atomizing gas on the median powder diameter was studied. The results show that the powder size decreased with increasing the flow rate of atomizing gas. Fe-based alloy coatings with amorphous phase fraction was then prepared by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) of gas atomized $Fe_{50}Cr_{24}Mo_{21}Si_2B_3$ powder. Microstructural studies show that the coatings present dense layered structure and low porosity of 0.17% in about $200{\mu}m$ thickness. The Fe-based alloy coating exhibits an average hardness of about 1230 HV. Our results show that the HVOF process results in dense and well-bonded coatings, making it attractive for protective coatings applications.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.180-183
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted out to select a silkworm variety suitable for synnemata production of Isaria tenuipes. Four kinds of the mulberry silkworm varieties, Bombyx mori, were hybridized using a Japanese parental line and a Chinese parental line, and used to test for synemata formation in I. tenuipes. The larval period of normal silkworms was 22 hr longer than the silkworms inoculated with this fungus. Among the silkworm varieties tested, Hachojam had the shortest larval period with 23.02 days. The non-cocooning silkworm had a shorter larval period than the cocoon producing silkworms. The pupation rate of normal silkworms was about 9% higher than that of silkworms sprayed with I. tenuipes. Hachojam had the highest infection rate at 99.8%, but no significant difference was observed for the infection rate by silkworm variety. The production of synnemata was the best in JS171 $\times$ CS188 with an incidence rate of 99.3%, followed by Hachojam, and Chugangjam. The synnemata produced from Hachojam were the heaviest and showed white or milky-white in color.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2001년도 제33회 춘계학술대회 개최
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 2001

Zirconia powder containing 3 mol% yttria(3Y-PSZ) with and with out Fe$_2$O$_3$ addition was coated on tile cast iron substrate by plasma spraying method. The erosion experiments were performed at temperatures from $25^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. A gas blast type erosion tester was used to examine erosion behavior of the specimens. The results of 3Y-PSZ coatings showed that tile erosion rate had maximum value at 40$0^{\circ}C$. It coincided with tile results of phase transformation tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase caused by low temperature thermal degradation. The tensile stress relaxation and the micro-hardness improvement significantly influenced on the erosion rate at $600^{\circ}C$. In the case of Fe$_2$O$_3$ added 3Y-PSZ coatings, the erosion rate of tested at $25^{\circ}C$ showed maximum value at 5.0 mol% Fe$_2$O$_3$ added coating. This tendency is caused by the improvement of mechanical properties and the tensile residual stress. The erosion rate at 200'c and 400'L showed significantly decrease by Fe203 addition. This decrease is believed to be the stabilization of the tetragonal phase and the increase of micro-hardness.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.454-460
• /
• 2019

이 연구에서는 염수를 증발냉각법을 이용하여 담수를 생산할 목적으로 회전형 미세입자 분무장치를 설계 제작하여 회전체의 표면조도, BLDC 시로코 팬의 회전수 그리고 염수 공급량의 변화에 따른 분무입자의 크기와 분포 특성을 실험적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 회전체의 표면조도 $Ra=0.27{\sim}7.65{\mu}m$인 경우 분무입자 크기는 $0.117{\sim}1.360{\mu}m$ 였고, 분무입자의 90% 가 $0.50{\mu}m$ 이하인 것으로 나타났다. $Ra=12.70{\sim}22.84{\mu}m$인 경우에는 분무입자 크기가 $2.51{\sim}184.79{\mu}m$의 범위에 분포하였고, 분무입자의 98%가 $13.59{\mu}m$ 이하인 것으로 나타났다. BLDC 시로코 팬의 회전수가 분무입자의 크기와 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 표면조도 $Ra=0.27{\mu}m$로 고정한 상태에서 염수 공급량을 일정하게 유지하면서 팬의 회전수를 3,800~5,600rpm 로 변화시켜가며 실험을 수행한 결과 염수 공급량이 2.77~8.28mL/min 인 경우에는 분무입자의 크기가 $0.314{\sim}0.541{\mu}m$의 범위에 분포하였다. 또한 염수공급량이 9.74mL/min 이고 회전수가 5,600rpm인 경우에는 분무입자의 98.23% 이상이 $2.51{\sim}13.59{\mu}m$의 범위에 분포하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.326-332
• /
• 2013

In this study, we prepared yttria stabilized zirconia granules for thermal barrier coatings using a spray drying process. First, we characterized the properties of granules such as flow rate and packing density for utilizing the air plasma spray process. The flow rate and packing density data showed 0.732 g/sec and 2.14 $g/cm^3$, respectively, when we used larger and denser particles, which are better than hollow granules or smaller spherical granules. Second, we chose larger, spherical granules fabricated in alcohol solvent as starting powders and sprayed it on the bondcoat/nimonic alloy by an atmospheric plasma spray process varying the process parameters, the feeding rate, gun speed and spray distance. Finally, we evaluated representative thermal and mechanical characteristics. The thermal expansion coefficients of the coatings were $11{\sim}12.7{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ and the indentation stress measured was 2.5 GPa at 0.15 of indentation strain.

• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 변량방제기술을 적용한 농용 회전익기를 이용하여 살포한 입자의 구간비행 상태에서의 거리별 살포 패턴을 측정함으로써 무인 항공방제의 농약 부착률과 입자경의 분포 균일도를 평가하였다. 비행을 등속으로 유지하는 안내비행과 자동비행 모드에서 유효살포폭 3.6m로 인접비행 구간과 살포폭이 일부 중첩된 피복률에 대한 가로방향 분포의 변이계수는 30% 정도를 보였고, 비행방향 진로위치에 대한 피복률의 변이계수는 10% 미만으로 매우 균등한 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 살포작업시 기체의 지면속도(ground speed)의 변이를 보상하는 변량살포기술은 균일도 측면에서 우수한 것으로 판명되었으며, 또한 입자경의 분포에 있어서 체적중위직경(VMD)과 개체중위직경(NMD) 모두 항공방제에 적절한 크기와 균일한 분포를 보였다. 따라서 농용 회전익기를 이용하여 소필지의 항공방제작업을 무인화 하는데 있어, 변량방제장치를 적용함으로써 소규모 필지의 균일 정밀방제를 도모하고자 하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제94권4호통권161호
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2005

밤나무재배지 내에 살수장치를 고정 설치하고, 이를 이용하여 일시에 약제를 살포함으로써 밤나무의 중요 종실해충인 복숭아명나방(Dichocrocis punctiferalis)의 피해를 효과적으로 방제할 목적으로 2002년에 경기도 여주군 장천면에서 연구가 수행되었다. 공시약종은 fenitrothion 50% EC 1,000배액 및 diflubenzuron 25% WP 2,500배액을 사용하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 복숭아명나방의 2세대 성충우화시기는 7월 상순부터 9월 상순까지 약 60일간이며, 우화최성기는 7월 하순부터 8월 상순의 약 10일간이었다. 살수장치(스프링클러)에 의한 수관약제살포는 관행의 지상약제살포와 비교하여 아주 효율적이었다. Diflubenzuron 25% WP 2,500배의 수관살포는 무처리의 피해율 30.4% 와 비교하여 2.3%(0.9-4.0%)로서 92%(86.7-97.0%)이상의 높은 방제효과가 있었다. 복숭아명나방에 대한 적정약제 살포시기 및 살포횟수는 7월 상순부터 8월 하순까지 10-15일 간격으로 4-5회 살포하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2017

This study investigated spraying factors applicable to stripper usage. Cyclodextrine, as environment-friendly material, was included in the stripper composition. An efficient spray technology was applied for the Photoresist strip. For industrial applications, stripping requires a temperature below $50^{\circ}C$, a strip time within 50 s, and chemically stable activation. Spraying factors were organized considering many conditions-orifice diameter, working pressure (inlet speed), spray distance, and spray angle. For commercial practicability, the flow rate was limited to 3 L/min. The nozzle parameters were nozzle orifice diameter of 1.8-2.2 mm, spray distance of 40-60 mm, and injection speed of 0.7-1.2 m/s. Through the thermal spray movement of the fluid, the thermal boundary layer for a chemical reaction just above the ITO-glass surface and momentum region for sufficient agitation (above 4 m/s) was achieved.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.93-96
• /
• 2006

In order to prevent cones from being damaged by cone insects, Gravitarmata margarotana and Dioryctria abietella, sprinkler system was installed on the Pinus koraiensis Seed Orchard. Such a test was conducted at Chung-ju, Chungcheong buk-do, Korea in 2002. Insectides of Diflubenzuron 25% WP ${\times}2,500$ and Cyfluthrin 2%EC ${\times}\;1,000$ were sprayed at fifteen-day and twenty-day intervals during the period of insects adult occurrence by sprinkler system. The Gravitarmata margarotana generally emerged for about 53 days from middle April to early June, and peak emergence was 10 days from April 20 to April 30. Dioryctria abietella generally emerged for about 108 days from late April to early August, and peak emergence was 10 days from May 20 to May 30. Damage rate of cones were $8.7{\sim}9.7%$ and $10.9{\sim}12.7%$ on average with crown insecticide spraying with Cyfluthrin and Diflubenzuron, while 67.5% when not treated. Control effectiveness of this insecticide spraying was $85.6{\sim}87.1%$ and 83.9%와 81.2%, respectively. When it considers the forest environment, it is recommended diflubenzuron which is low toxic pesticide. In conclusion, effectual times and number of diflubenzuron 25% WP application with sprinkler system against cone insects were from early May through late August and six times at twenty-day interval.