• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2002

Historical control data have been shown to be valuable in the proper interpretation and validation of reproductive toxicology studies. The present data were compiled from rat fertility and early embryonic development studies conducted at Korea Institute of Toxicology during the 1994∼2001 period. These data were assembled in order to provide background information for the general and reproductive data collected in 11 fertility and early embryonic development studies using Sprague-Dawley rats obtain-ing from the Breeding Facility, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea. A total of 274 males and 274 females were used in these studies during the eight-year period. Parameters of fertility and early embryonic development included clinical sign, body weights, food consumption, organ weights, estrus cycle, copulation index, precoital time, fertility index, pregnancy index, sperm parameters, and early embryonic development parameters. Most of the values were comparable to the previous historical control data reported by other investigators. These data can be wed not only as a historical data base for the meaningful interpretation of data from reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, but also as a contribution to biological characterization of Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-18
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• 1999

Tempting to further understand the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of ethanol, we investigated the acute effects of ethanol on the GABA-activated current (IGABA) of the cultured Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampal neurons in primary culture using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that ethanol potentiated the Cl- current in a concentration-dependent manner(1-300mM) in the majority of the cell studied. This study demonstrates that ethanol can potentiate IGABA in mammalian central neurons.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 1996

The subacute toxicity was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats orally treated with KDRD-010 at the doses of 0.056, 0.28, and 1.4 g/kg for one month. There were no clinical signs and pathological changes compared with control group. Body weights were not significantly changed between control and treatment groups. In hematological and biochemical serum parameters, all mean values appear to be within the normal range. In pathological examinations, hemorrhages of lung was observed in one male rat at low dose group and one female rat at high dose group of KDRD-010, but it was not considered to be caused by KDRD-010. These results suggest that KDRD-010 dose not induce any significant subacute oral toxicities in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2015

To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the heavy metal adsorption from internal organs and blood, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from human feces. Some strains resistant to heavy metals were selected by incubation in agar media containing each of chrome and cadmium salts. Among them, a strain named KP-3 was ultimately chosen due to its higher growth rate in selective broth medium containing the heavy metals at the concentration of 0.01%. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus sp. based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. For evaluating the ability to prevent accumulation of heavy metals by selected Lactobacillus sp. strain in vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with heavy metal salts (cadmium, chrome and lead) with or without cultured whole cells for 7 days. The amounts of heavy metals accumulated in liver, kidney and blood were analyzed. As a result, chrome was accumulated to kidney mostly, and lead was frequently found in liver and kidney. Experimental group (rats fed with lactic acid bacteria) showed less accumulation of heavy metal than control group (rats fed with saline solution). The inhibition rates of heavy metal accumulation were calculated to 41.8% (Cd), 33.4% (Cr) and 44.2% (Pb). Especially, feeding lactic acid bacteria strongly reduced accumulation of cadmium in blood. The results showed that feeding Lactobacillus sp. KP-3 could prevent the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the living body.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 1999

The effect of acute cadmium-neuropathy on phospholipid metabolism in rat sciatic nerve was investigated. An animal model of cadmium neuropathy was induced by feeding diet containing cadmium to Sprague-Dawley rat for two weeks. Four weeks aged Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups : normal control group, 10ppm-cadmium treated group, 100ppm-cadmium treated group, 1000ppm-cadmium treated group, reference drug, myo-inositol-treated group. All rats were sacrificed at the end of two weeks. The rate of incorporation of 2-[3H]myo-inositol into polyphosphinositide was significantly decreased while the rates of incorporation into phospholipid of titratedserine, ethanolamine and choline were unchanged in sciatic nerve obtained from cadmium-treated rat. Continuously the activities of three enzymes concerned with inositol phospholiped metabolism were measured in homogenates of rat sciatic nerves. Cystidine diglyceride transferase and phophatidylinositol kinase showed significantly decreased activities while phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase did not show any significant change in activity by cadmium treatment. However these deficits of inositol phospholipid metabolism were ameliorated by myo-inositol administration and these effectiveness were more potent in lower dose cadmiumtreated rats than higher dose cadmium-treated rats. These results suggest that cadmium intoxicated peripheral nerve with perturbation of the ployphosphoinositide metabolism and alteration of the enzyme activity which concerned with myo-inositol metabolism.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 1996

In our previous studies, we reported that lead intoxicated nerve cell by inhibition of the Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ ATPase activity and reduction of myo-inositol in nerve cell. As the second series of experiments, in order to understand toxic mechanism of lead for nerve cell, the characteristics of myo-inositol transport system and the effect of lead on its system have been studied in the sciatic nerves of control and lead-treated rats. A lead intoxicated animal model was induced by feeding diet containing lead to Sprague-Dawley rat for two weeks. Four weeks aged Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group : normal control group, 10ppm-lead treated group, 100ppm-lead treated group. All rats were sacrified at the end of two weeks. The rate o myo-inositol transport by sciatic nerve isolated from lead-treated rat was significantly decreased compared with that of control rat. This deficit results from that myo-inositol transport system which is carrier mediated and sodium-potassium dependent was inhibited by the lead treatment (both 10ppm and 100ppm) due to increase of the Km value without affecting Vmax value for myo-inositol carrier. These observations suggest that the toxic mechanism of lead on nerve myo-inositol transport system might be a change of affinity without change of maximum transport velocity for carrier.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 2015

The structural change and distribution of mitochondrial enzyme (ATPase, cytochrome-c-oxidase), cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA), cell death (caspase-3) and cell growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 8, FGF-8) in the Sprague-Dawley rat bile duct during Clonorchis sinensis infection was investigated. Experimental groups were divided into C. sinensis infection, superinfection and reinfection of C. sinensis after 'praziquantel' treatment group. As a result, C. sinensis infected rat bile ducts showed the features of chronic clonorchiasis, i.e., connective tissue thickening, ductal fibrosis and epithelial tissue dilatation. PCNA for cell proliferation increased in the infection group, and decreased after praziquantel treatment. Caspase-3 was distributed in reinfection group only. FGF-8 was distributed in the rat bile duct after praziquantel treatment but not distributed in infection and reinfection group. Overall, C. sinensis infection causes physical and chemical irritations and then brings on the abnormalities of intracellular energy metabolism and cellular growth factors, which hinders bile duct tissue from functioning properly, and resultingly, fibrosis occurs and epithelial cells dilated abnormally. More intense infection makes tissue fibrosis chronical and activates apoptosis factors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1997

Histological investigation of the number of follicles following gonadotropin treatments for superovulation was carried out in mature Sprague-Dwaley(SD) rats. Routinely serial sections of paraffin-embedded ovaries were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and evaluated with light microscope. During the study unusual cases of microscopic alterations were observed in the medulla of ovaries in two rats. Case one: An ovum and its follicular fluid outflowed in medulla of ovary. The follicular fluid was densly proteinuous. Corona raiata consisted of 2-6 layers thick cells in the periphery of the ovum. While the cortical side of the follicular wall was intact with normal granulosa cell layer the meullary side of it was ruptured. Case two: A large cyst was present in medulla of ovary hilus. The cyst occupied the entire medulla displacing the ovarian archetecture and enclosed by connective tissue and smooth muscle wall.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.555-559
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• 2020

In order to examine the toxicity of palatinose-L (Pal-L) bioconverted from sucrose, we performed a 14-consecutive day toxicity study with male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, hematology, blood biochemical, urinalysis, histological changes in organs, such as the liver and kidneys, and clinical chemistry analysis data for all SD rats. There were no significant changes in food/water consumption, body weight, and organ weights during the experimental period. Although there were some hematologic and urinalysis alterations, these changes were not considered toxicologically significant. In addition, histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed no abnormal or toxicological changes between the control and Pal-L-treated rats of both sexes. Collectively, these results suggest that Pal-L was not indicated to have any toxicity in the SD rats when it was orally administered up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day for 14 days.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 1995

This study was carried out to elucidate the toxic mechanism of cadmium in peripheral nerve. An animal model of cadmium neuropathy was induced by feeding diet containing cadmium to Sprague- Dawley rat (or two weeks. Four weeks aged Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into four groups : normal control group, 10ppm- cadmium treated group, 100ppm- cadmium treated group, 1000ppm- cadmium treated group, reference drug- treated group. All rats were sacrificed at the end of two weeks for assessing the development of cadmium neuropathy, These results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Cadmium reduced peripheral flow of both acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase in rat sciatic nerve. 2. The toxic mechanism of cadmium might be the result of an reduction of myo-inositol concentration in peripheral nervous system 3. Reduction in myo-inositol content of peripheral nerve resulted from the inhibition of sodium- Potassium ATPase activity, which is responsible for myo-inositol transport, by cadmium 4. Oral administration of myo-inositol improved the flow of both acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterasenerve in cadmium intoxicated rat. These results suggest that mild cadmium neuropathy might be diagnosed by checking nervous myo-inositol content and oral administraion of myo-inositol might prevent the development of severe cadmium neuropathy with special reference to detective axonal transport.