• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2001

This study was to evaluate oral toxicity of meat originated from cloned cows in 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The meats were mixed with 2%, 10%. and 50% in basal diet and were fed to SD rats for 28 days, respectively. There were no changes in clinical signs, blood and urine analyses, change of body weight, and feed intake or water consumption in all animals treated with the meat mixtures.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2003

Chitosan is known to have antibacterial, antitumorogenic, hypolipidemic and immunopotentiating activities, hence finding diverse uses as a component in varying functional foodstuffs. However, some investigators reported it caused mineral absoiption inhibition and excess coagulation. From the chemical viewpoint, conventional chitosans are high-molecule polymers lacking water solubility, which could be related with their possible toxicity. A newly developed low- molecule water soluble chitosan is thought to have low toxicity compared to conventional chitosans. But no investigation was carried out to evaluate its toxicity. In this study, a 28-day subacute oral toxicity study of the water-soluble chitosan was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Each 36 male and female rats were orally administered with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Clinical parameters (growth rate, feed and water consumption, daily inspection, urine analysis) during the 28 days indicated the water-soluble chitosan did not induce any abnonnal changes. There were no abnormal findings due to the administration of the test substance in gross and microscopic findings. We had not found alteration in absolute and relative organ weight between the control and treated groups, with only exception in the liver but lacking dose-dependency. The results of hematology and serum biochemistry examination revealed that no treatment related changes were between control and all dose groups. In conclusion, it was suggested that subacute toxicity of the water-soluble chitosan was low and the no-observed adverse effect level was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Morindae officinalis Radix (巴戟) on the spermatogenesis and antioxidant activities in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. Materials and Methods: We choose the 2-month-old SD rats, and administered the extract powder of Morindae officinalis Radix once in a day for 28 days. The control rats were administered normal water in the same way and duration. We observed changes of body weight, surgically isolated testis, epididymis, vascular gland and prostate gland before and after administration of Morindae officinalis Radix extracts in SD Rats. Also we compared the testicular tissue, especially seminiferous tubules between the control and treated groups by histochemical methods. In addition, we examined the total, normal, morphologic and motile sperm in the cauda epididymis, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase in the isolated testis tissue. Results: There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups in the body weight, testis, vascular and prostate gland, but the weight of epididymis showed significant difference in the control group. The concentration of total sperm, the motility and normality of spermatozoa was significantly different when compared with the control group, respectively. In the histological examination of testicular tissues, the tendency of increasement of angiogenesis between seminiferous tubules was observed. And the concentration of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte and sperm were higher than that of control testicular tissues. Finally, the activity of catalase and peroxidase related inhibitory molecules of oxidation were slightly increased in the treatment group than those of control group. Conclusions: This study shows that Morindae officinalis Radix has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm, the important factor in male fertility. We can suggest that Morindae officinalis Radix has an effect on the spermatogenesis in the SD rat.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2008

Objectives : We aimed to investigate therapeutic effect of Bojungikgitang-gamibang(BI) and Mahwangshingungsan(MS) by observing changes in blood cells and the nasal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with allergic rhinitis. Methods : Twenty-four SD rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitoneal and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% and 0.4% Ovalbumin solution. Then BI was orally administered only to the sample group along with MS for 28days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline. Results : BI and MS showed significantly decreased IgE level on the serum of the rat model, Bl and MS showed significantly decreased eosinophil level on the blood of the rat model. BI and MS inhibited the inflammatory reaction on the nasal mucosal tissue, according to nasal mucosal biopsy. Bl and MS had anti-allergic according to level, eosinophil level, nasal mucosal biopsy. BI and MS had no hepatoxicity, according to AST and ALT on the serum. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that Bl and MS is helpful in treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Alcoholism is a significant health problem in the world. The liver is the first and primary target organ for alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, I aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a Phellinus spp. extract on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given Phellinus spp. extract at 30 min after 40% (5 g/kg) alcohol ingestion. To assay the effect of Phellinus spp. extract on blood alcohol concentration, blood samples were taken from the tail vein at 1, 3 and 5 h after alcohol ingestion. The concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Phellinus spp. extract treated rat were significantly lower than that of the control with a time-dependent manner. In addition, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of Phellinus spp. extract-treated groups were altered compared to those of the control group. These results suggest that Phellinus spp. extract intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities. Phellinus spp. extract is thus a good nutraceutical candidate.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2014

Alcoholism is a significant global health problem. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, we aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a fruit extract drink on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given a fruit extract drink or a commercial product (10 mL/kg) 30 min prior to 40% (5 g/kg) ethanol ingestion. To assay the effect of the fruit extract drink on blood ethanol concentration, blood samples were taken from the saphenous vein at 3 and 5 h after ethanol ingestion. The blood concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the fruit extract drink group than in the control group, in a time-dependent manner. However, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of all experimental groups were unaltered compared to those of the control group. These results suggested that fruit extract drink intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Excessive ethanol intake is known to induce a number of physiological symptoms, including headache, dizziness and vertigo. In this study, we investigated the attenuation effect of sprouted peanut extract (SPE) on ethanol-induced hangover in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into five groups: the control group, which was administered ethanol only; the ethanol plus SPE experimental groups, which were administered ethanol and 100, 200, or 400 mg SPE/kg b.w.; and the positive control group, which was administered ethanol plus DAWN808$^{(R)}$, a commercial product. SPE-suspended water was delivered to rats via gavage 15 h and 30 min before the administration of ethanol. Blood was collected from the tail 0, 1, 3, and 5 h after ethanol administration. The results showed that serum ethanol concentrations were significantly lower in SPE treated groups than in the control group. Furthermore, hepatic alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were enhanced by SPE in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that SPE could be useful in attenuating hangover after alcohol consumption.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.76-87
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• 2015

Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is highly increased in these days. We aimed to investigate therapeutic effect ofShinchulsanby observing changes in blood cells and the protein expression level of IL-4 in spleen of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods : Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitional and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% and 0.4% Ovalbumin solution. ThenShinchulsanwas orally administered only to the sample group for 28 days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline.Results : 1.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased eosinophil level on the serum of the rat model.2.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased IgE level on the serum of the rat model.3.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased the protein expression levels of IL-4 in spleen of the rat model.4.Shinchulsanhad no hepatoxicity, according to AST and ALT on the serum.Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered thatShinchulsanis helpful in treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2008

We investigated if Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has protective effects on cadmium (Cd) induced liver damage in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Forty rats, aged 5 weeks old and weighed 90-110g, were divided into a control (with Cd free water), 50 ppm of $CdCl_2$ in drinking water treated groups (Chlorella 0% diet group (Cd/CV0%), Chlorella 5% diet group (Cd/CV5%) or Chlorella 10% diet group (Cd/CV10%). All the rats had freely access to water and diet for 8 weeks. The results show that body weight gain and relative liver weight had significantly lower in Cd/CV0%-treated group than in Cd/CV-treated groups. Hepatic Cd contents showed significantly less by feeding CV (P<0.05). Cd/CV0%-treated rats had significantly (P<0.05) higher hepatic T-MTs, and Cd-MTs concentrations, compared to Cd/CV5% or Cd/CV10% treated rats. The MT I/II mRNA was expressed in the liver of all experimental rats. Its expression was more increased in Cd/CV5%- or Cd/CV10%-treated rats, compared to control and Cd-treated rats. Thus, this study suggested that CV would have a protective effect on Cd-treated liver injury by the reduction of Cd concentrations and stimulation of Cd-MT binds in the liver. However, more studies are needed to identify the proper mechanism of CV and liver toxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives: In this study, it was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Root of Polygala teunifolia Willd. in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Male and female rats were administered orally with Root of Polygala teunifolia Willd. water extract of 1,000 mg/kg (low dosage group), 2,000 mg/kg (middle dosage group) and 4,000 mg/kg (high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. After 7 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results: No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. But we found out histopathological changes in liver fat tissues of female. In addition, there were no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight. Conclusions: These results suggest that water soluble extract of Root of Polygala teunifolia Willd. has not acute oral toxicity and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 4,000 mg/kg in SD rats.