• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

In this paper, an effective method to detect the laser pointer on the screen using the neural network algorithm for implementing the human-computer interaction system. The proposed neural network algorithm is used to train the patches without a laser pointer from the input camera images, the trained neural network then generates output values for an input patch from a camera image. If a small variation is perceived in the input camera image, amplify the small variations and detect the laser pointer spot in the camera image. The proposed system consists of a laser pointer, low-price web-camera and image processing program and has a detection capability of laser spot even if the background of computer monitor has a similar color with the laser pointer spot. Therefore, the proposed technique will be contributed to improve the performance of human-computer interaction system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2293-2298
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• 2010

Focused electrospray (FES) deposition method is presented for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. FES ion optics consists of two cylindrical focusing electrodes capped with a truncated conical electrode through which an electrospray emitter passes along the cylindrical axis. A spray of charged droplets is focused onto a sample well on a MALDI target plate under atmospheric pressure. The shape and size distributions of matrix crystals are visualized by scanning electron microscope and the mass spectra are obtained by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Angiotensin II, bradykinin, and substance P are used as test samples, while $\alpha$-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and dihydroxybenzoic acid are employed as matrices. FES of a sample/matrix mixture produces fine crystal grains on a 1-3 mm spot and reproducibly yields the mass spectra with little shot-to-shot and spot-to-spot variations. Although FES greatly stabilizes the signals, the space charge due to matrix ions limits the detection sensitivity of peptides. To avoid the space charge problem, we adopted a dual FES/FES mode, which separately deposits matrix and sample by FES in sequence. The dual FES/FES mode reaches the detection sensitivity of 0.88 amol, enabling ultrasensitive of peptides by homogeneously depositing matrix and sample under atmospheric pressure.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2016

Microcontrollers (MCUs) for endpoint smart sensor devices of internet-of-thing (IoT) are being implemented as system-on-chip (SoC) with on-chip instruction flash memory, in which user firmware is embedded. MCUs directly fetch binary code-based instructions through bit-line sense amplifier (S/A) integrated with on-chip flash memory. The S/A compares bit cell current with reference current to identify which data are programmed. The S/A in reading '0' (erased) cell data consumes a large sink current, which is greater than off-current for '1' (programmed) cell data. The main motivation of our approach is to reduce the number of accesses of erased cells by binary code level transformation. This paper proposes a built-in write/read path architecture using binary code inversion method based on hot-spot region detection of instruction code access to reduce sensing current in S/A. From the profiling result of instruction access patterns, hot-spot region of an original compiled binary code is conditionally inverted with the proposed bit-inversion techniques. The de-inversion hardware only consumes small logic current instead of analog sink current in S/A and it is integrated with the conventional S/A to restore original binary instructions. The proposed techniques are applied to the fully-custom designed MCU with ARM Cortex-M0$^{TM}$ using 0.18um Magnachip Flash-embedded CMOS process and the benefits in terms of power consumption reduction are evaluated for Dhrystone$^{TM}$ benchmark. The profiling environment of instruction code executions is implemented by extending commercial ARM KEIL$^{TM}$ MDK (MCU Development Kit) with our custom-designed access analyzer.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.6 s.109
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• pp.579-584
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• 2006

This paper proposes a nonlinear template matching measure, called counting measure, as a signal detection measure that is defined as the number of on pixels in the spot area. It is applied to classify probes for an on-off type DNA chip, where each probe spot is classified as hybridized or not. The counting measure also incorporates the maximum response search method, where the expected signal is obtained by taking the maximum among the measured responses of the various positions and sizes of the spot template. The counting measure was compared to existing signal detection measures such as the normalized correlation and the median for 2390 patient samples tested on the human papiliomavirus (HPV) DNA chip. The counting measure performed the best regardless of whether or not the maximum response search method was used. The experimental results showed that the counting measure combined with the positional search was the most preferable.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2015

Since its detection in 1980, the $8-{\mu}m$ north-polar brightening of $CH_4$ on Juptier has not moved from $180^{\circ}$ (SysIII) longitude. The $8-{\mu}m$ $CH_4$ brightening is mostly thermal and very similar to that of $13-{\mu}m$ $C_2H_2$ emissions, but the morphology of these hydrocarbon north-polar brightenings are very different from that of the $3-{\mu}m$ $H_3{^+}$ auroral oval suggesting a significantly different excitation process yet unknown heating mechanism. Recently, Kim et al. (submitted to Icarus, 2015) found that that the center of the $3-{\mu}m$ $CH_4$ northern bright spot is located at ${\sim}200^{\circ}$ (SysIII) longitude, which is ${\sim}20^{\circ}$ west from the center of the $8-{\mu}m$ north-polar bright spot, and it does not coincide with the $3-{\mu}m$ $H_3{^+}$ bright spot. They found significantly high temperatures (500 ~ 850K) from $CH_4$ rotational lines on the $3-{\mu}m$ bright spot above the $1-{\mu}bar$ pressure level, while we find cooler temperatures (<350K) over the the $8-{\mu}m$ spot. They also found that the upper states of the $3-{\mu}m$ $CH_4$ bands are mostly populated by non-thermal excitations, such as auroral particle precipitations and/or Joule heatings in contrast to the $8-{\mu}m$ thermal emission. This finding indicates that the $10-{\mu}m$ hydrocarbon brightening is confined to low altitudes below the $1-{\mu}bar$ level eliminating the long-suggested possibility of direct auroral bombardments while opening a new possibility of dynamical origin for the $10-{\mu}m$ brightening.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.3140-3149
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• 2023

In theory, the sharp dose falloff at the distal end of a proton beam allows for high conformal dose to the target. However, conformity has not been fully achieved in practice, primarily due to beam range uncertainty, which is approximately 4% and varies slightly across institutions. To address this issue, we developed a new range verification system prototype: a multi-slit prompt-gamma camera (MSPGC). This system features high prompt-gamma detection sensitivity, an advanced range estimation algorithm, and a precise camera positioning system. We evaluated the range measurement precision of the prototype for single spot beams with varying energies, proton quantities, and positions, as well as for spot-scanning proton beams in a simulated SSPT treatment using a phantom. Our results demonstrated high accuracy (<0.4 mm) in range measurement for the tested beam energies and positions. Measurement precision increased significantly with the number of protons, achieving 1% precision with 5 × 10⁸ protons. For spot-scanning proton beams, the prototype ensured more than 5 × 10⁸ protons per spot with a 7 mm or larger spot aggregation, achieving 1% range measurement precision. Based on these findings, we anticipate that the clinical application of the new prototype will reduce range uncertainty (currently approximately 4%) to 1% or less.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.228-234
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• 2013

Methamphetamine is an amine-containing illegal drug and is distributed unlawfully in South Korea. Finding a rapid, convenient and semi-quantitative determination method for methamphetamine is a very important issue in the area of forensic drug testing. As an effort to develop new screening method, the reactions between three organic compounds which are structurally similar to methamphetamine and N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy) succinimide (FMOC-NHS) were performed on silica gel ($SiO_2$) TLC plates. Three reference compounds were synthesized and used for the identification, comparison and study of the limit of detection (LOD) of the products obtained from a direct reaction on a TLC plate. As a result, FMOC-NHS as a derivatization reagent generated compounds containing highly UV-active functional groups on the TLC plate after reacting with primary- and secondary amines. In the experiment 2D the LOD of amines was in the range of 0.045 and 0.01 mg/mL ($2{\mu}L/spot$), and in 1D the LOD was in the range of 0.002 and 0.007 mg/mL ($2{\mu}L/spot$). The LODs of the compounds tested were dependent on the concentration of the derivatizing reagent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6432-6439
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• 2014

The NAUT (Non-contact Air coupled Ultrasonic Testing) technique is one of the ultrasonic testing methods that enables non-contact ultrasonic testing by compensating for the energy loss caused by the difference in acoustic impedance of air with an ultrasonic pulser receiver, PRE-AMP and high-sensitivity transducer. As the NAUT is performed in a state of steady ultrasonic transmission and reception, testing can be performed on materials of high or low temperatures or specimens with a rough surface or narrow part, which could not have been tested using the conventional contact-type testing technique. For this study, the internal defects of spot weld, which are often applied to auto parts, and CFRP parts, were tested to determine if it is practical to make the NAUT technique commercial. As the spot welded part had a high ultrasonic transmissivity, the result was shown as red. On the other hand, the part with an internal defect had a layer of air and low transmissivity, which was shown as blue. In addition, depending on the PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency), an important factor that determines the measurement speed, the color sharpness showed differences. With the images obtained from CFRP specimens or an imaging device, it was possible to identify the shape, size and position of the internal defect within a short period of time. In this paper, it was confirmed in the above-described experiment that both internal defect detection and image processing of the defect could be possible using the NAUT technique. Moreover, it was possible to apply NAUT to the detection of internal defects in the spot welded parts or in CFRP parts, and commercialize its practical application to various fields.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

In the field of automatic door, the infrared rays and microwave sensor are much used as the important components in charge of the motor's operation control of open and close through the incoming signal of object recognition. In case of existing system that the sensor of the infrared rays and microwave are applied to the automatic door, there are many malfunctions by the infrared rays and visible rays of the sun. Because the automatic doors are usually installed outside of building in state of exposure. The environmental change by temperature difference occurs the noise of object recognition detection signal. With this problem, the hardware fault that the detection sensor is unable to follow the object moving rapidly within detection area makes the sensing blind spot. This fault should be improved as soon as possible. Because It influences safety of passengers who use the automatic doors. This paper conducted an experiment to improve the detection area by installing extra ultrasonic sensor besides existing detection sensor. So, this paper realize the computing circuit and detection algorithm which can correctly and rapidly process the access route of objects moving fast and the location area of fixed obstacles by applying detection and advantages of ultrasonic signal to the automatic doors. With this, It is proved that the automatic door applying ultrasonic sensor is improved detection area of blind spot sensing through field test and improvement plan is proposed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.28-32
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• 2002

The performance based design in fire detection system, the effect of high airflow and dilution of smoke produced in any fire situation serve to increase the response time of point-type smoke detectors. This study investigated the smoke density of ceiling, under the air stream and in normal status when fire type is smoldering fires. The result of study, smoke generated in the fire was swept away from nearby spot type smoke detector which failed to actuate because dispersed in diluted form around the room. The concept of performance based design in fire detection system of protected area influenced by high airflow provided the need of active fire detection system such as air sampling smoke detection system.