• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2010

The putting stroke accounts for 40~50% of total stroke for a golf rounding and most golfers have difficulties on the puting. Studies for the putting stroke have been conducted by analyzing various factors such as kinematics, kinetics, psychologic and physiologic parameters. A lot of devices were developed to support the studies. However there was no appropriate method to measure the position of the ball quantitatively. In this study, we developed a new measurement system to measure and evaluate the putting result. The developed system uses a USB camera to take the 2-dimensional image of the surface including the hole cup at the center of the image and the ball. The position of the ball is extracted as a set of distance and angle in polar coordinate system. We evaluated the new system with an indoor set-up for putting experiments and the system provided accurate measurement results. The proposed system can be combined with the other measurement systems such as 3D motion capture system and force plate without any restriction.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is (1) to investigate how women's visual images in cosmetic magazine advertisements have changed over time and (2) to examine whether women's images in advertisements have changed in regards to the symbolic ambiguity of dress and appearance styles according to the time period. Social identity theory was used as the theoretical framework to understand the change of gender identity and physical appearance. The two magazines of Vogue and Working Woman were selected for the years of 1981, 1991, and 2001. The findings of the study showed that women's make-up colors portrayed in cosmetics magazine advertisements changed from artificial to natural over 20 years and messages in cosmetics magazine advertisement changed from a focus on attractiveness to a focus on skin-care and health. However, appearance styles of women in the advertisements analyzed were predominantly more feminine than masculine for the entire time period studied.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.217-229
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to present the basic data on improving the skills for 3 junior high school national badminton players in clear and drop motion through the 3-dimensional image analysis. Therefore, the results of this study are as follows: 1. In the duration times per phase, subject C relatively showed a similar time between clear and drop motion. Accordingly, C took a more effective motion than A and B. 2. In the velocities of racket head, subject A and C showed similar changes relatively. However, in case of subject B, the velocity was decreased before back swing(E2) and increased until impact(E3). 3. Regardless of clear and drop motion, the changing phases of joint angle for wrist and elbow showed similar changes comparatively. 4. In the angles of upper body, clear motion was average 85.0 degree and drop one was average 80.7 degree during the impact(E3). Hence, it showed that drop motion hit the ball bowing the upper body more than clear one. 5. In the angles of racket head, clear motion was average 87.7 degree and drop one was average 85.6 degree during the impact(E3). Consequently, drop motion was impacted forward more than clear one.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

This study aims to comparatively analyze kinetic variables that affect high jump records and thus to provide the basic data for enhancement of physical education teachers' teaching skills and expertise. 10 students who were majoring in physical education in a college of education - five males and five females - were chosen for the experiment in which the 3D image analyzer and ground reaction force measuring unit were adopted. The kinetic variables of the groups, the characteristics and differences were analyzed, and the correlation between each variable and record in each group was examined. The results are as follows: As to the height of center of gravity from one step before stamping to landing, the vertical velocity of the center of gravity at take off, the vertical velocity of the limbs at take off, the angles of the hip joint and ankle joint of the jumping leg, it turned out that male were better than female. As to the angles of the hip joint and ankle joint of the lead leg, female recorded higher values than male. As to the maximum vertical ground reaction force, the maximum horizontal ground reaction force, the vertical impulse, it turned out that male were better than female.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2011

As China's international status is more and more uplifted, the active shaping and effective propagation of China's national image has been regarded as an important means to demonstrate China's soft power, demolish the so-called "China Threat Theory", and compete for China's share in international discourse power. This article first makes a discussion on the fundamental concepts and related theories of national image, and then explores the precise positioning of China's image as "a responsible power" and the connotation that should be contained in this image. Finally, this article presents a tactic of "complex propagation" for the shaping of China's national image, which includes the propagation by new media and advertisement, the marketing of international sport games and other international events, public diplomacy and public relations tactics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.642-648
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• 2013

This study investigates the changes inconsumer sensibility and product preferences according to theirecofriendly productperceptions. Stimulants (released by three companies of sport casual brands)include three shirts made of recycled polyester and three made of organic cotton. A surveymethod was used to respond to the emotion and image while watching the presented pictures of the clothes. The change in the reactions was analyzed before and after the presentation of eco-friendliness information. The questionnaire consists of sensibility adjectives, open-ended questions about the associated image of eco-friendliness, color attractiveness, product favorability, price satisfaction, and reasons for an eco-friendly productpurchase. The survey was conducted on 200adult male and female participants. Two factors ('eco' and 'design')were identifiedthrough the factor analysis of image adjectives. There was a statistically significant increase in the evaluation of sensibility, color attractiveness, product favorability, and price satisfactiondue to the re-evaluation of the same products after consumers recognized the eco-friendly information of apparel products. When consumers recognize products aseco-friendly, they evaluate the products more positively than before. The result of the analysis of the increases by textile materials shows no significant difference in the sensibility changes depending on the materials. However, with regard to 'eco', the increase of sensibility change for organic cotton products was larger than for recycled polyester products.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

This research aimed to investigate the key factors affecting student satisfaction and loyalty in selected private universities in Cambodia. The study implemented a quantitative survey designed and guided by seven hypotheses to test the causal relationships among variables, such as academic experience, faculty services, campus life, social integration, student support facilities, student satisfaction, university image, and student loyalty. The research applied a multi-stage sampling technique of probability procedures to guarantee the presence of the research population. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were applied for data analysis to test the hypotheses model. The collected survey totaled 543 from three universities. The purposive sampling methods were used to select the three target universities, based on their reputation, the number of students, year of establishment, and the recognition from the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport. The stratified random sampling method was employed to select target respondents for data collection by dividing the population into subgroups to ensure a random sample. The results showed that student support facilities, campus life, and social integration, faculty services, and university image play very important roles in the satisfaction and loyalty of the students in three universities.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to conduct an empirical study on brand authenticity targeting sportswear brand consumers. Through this, we intend to provide the accumulation and implications of authenticity research. For the research model, first, the authenticity of sportswear brand companies was selected as an independent variable. Brand image and brand attitude were selected as the next parameters. Finally, the dependent variable was the intention to pay the premium. Structural equation model analysis was conducted for the structural relationship between these variables. The subjects of this study are consumers who have purchased sportswear brands within the past year. Convenience sampling was used for the sample survey, and 262 people were finally selected as valid samples. The survey was conducted as a non-face-to-face online survey due to the COVID-19 infection. For data processing, frequency analysis was conducted using SPSS 23 to identify the individual characteristics of the survey subjects. In addition, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to refine the scale of the survey tool. Next, using AMOS 21, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to verify the measurement model. In addition, structural equation model analysis was conducted to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, all six hypotheses selected from the research model were adopted.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.33-59
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• 2008

This paper aims to analyse the preference for German farm tourism among the German population. For this reason, we conducted an empirical study in Germany during summer 2007 and we applieda structural equation model based on partial leasts quares(PLS) to analyse the data. In the following chapters we will introduce the literature review and our conceptual frame work. We will then outline the procedures we adopted and the results of the empirical analysis. In the final part so me conclusions will be presented and a discussion will follow in order to draw the future directions of our research. According to our hypotheses, the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H1: The higher the information degree about it. H2: The lower the influence of the social stimuli. H3: The higher the physical exposure to it (experience). H4: The higher the wellness image of agri-tourism. H5: The higher the traditional image of agri-tourism. H6: The higher the exciting image of agri-tourism. H7: The higher the perceived value for money. Our further hypotheses affirm that the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H8: The lower the perceived risk. H9: The higher the motive to enjoy a holiday in the nature. H10: The higher the motive to enjoy a sport holiday. H11: The lower the motive to have an organized holiday. H12: The lower the motive to have a holiday abroad. H13: The lower the motive of action and night life. H14: The higher the motive to spend a holiday with the family. H15: The lower the motive to spend a city holiday. Finally, our model has some socio-demographics data. As we mentioned before, German agri-tourism has traditionally been the travel destination of large-size families, with low-to-middle income. For that reason, our final hypothesises are the following: the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked-set of an individual is higher: H16: The higher the number of family members. H17: The lower the family income. Since in this study we use a path model with a PLS approach, we are able to state some interrelations among the exogenous latent variables: H18: The motive of sport holiday has a positive influence towards nature motives. H19: The physical exposition to agri-tourism has a positive influence toward information. H20: The motive of family holiday has a negative influence toward the motive of action and night life. H21: Social stimuli have a positive influence towards individuals risk perceptions. H22: Social stimuli have negative influence towards experience. Data for this study were gathered via administrated questionnaires during the summer 2007 within the frame of an academic "marketing research" course. The corresponding t-values are assessed using the bootstrapping method with 500 re-samples. In our model 61% of the degree of appreciation of German agri-tourism (evoked set) is explained by five independent variables: value for money ($0.335^{{\ast}{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H7) experience ($0.267^{{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H3), exciting image ($0.204^{\ast}$) (H6) organisation ($-0.162^{\ast}$) (H11) and holiday abroad ($-0.156^{\ast}$) (H12). The variance explained ($R^2$) for the other endogenous variables are the following: nature 24.3%, information 14.1%, action holiday 13.8%, risk perception 5.8% and experience 2.4%. An overview can be inferred from table 5. The results also allow us to test each of the proposed hypotheses. With exception of organization and abroad, none of the others travel style factors (H9 to H15) seem to have any significant impact towards evoked set which leads to the rejection of the respective hypotheses. As expected, social stimuli have a significant influence on individuals' risk perception (H21 accepted), however neither the former nor the latter have a valuable impact on evoked set (rejection of H2 and H8). Besides, since the influence of social stimuli towards experience is not significant, also H22 has to be rejected. Experience influences information (H19 accepted) but the latter does not affect significantly the evoked set (H1 rejected). Both H4 as well as H5, referring respectively to the perceived images of German agri-tourism as a wellness destination and the traditional image of the German farm tourism have to be rejected. Finally, none of the demographic data included in the model explains significantly the variance of the factor evoked set. Therefore neither H16 nor H17 has been accepted. As far as the interrelation between sport and nature (H18) and family and action (H20) are concerned, the stated relationship among these variables has been statistically confirmed. Our path model based on partial least squares shows the factors influencing the preference for farm tourism in Germany. Among others value for money and experience are the most significant ones. Practical implications are discussed.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.791-798
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• 2014

As a new hybrid broadcasting service, augmented broadcasting shows enhanced broadcasting content on a large TV screen, while augmented reality (AR) on a mobile device augments additional graphical content onto an input image from the device's own camera to provide useful and convenient information for users. A one-sided broadcasting service using AR has already been attempted in virtual advertisements during sport broadcasts. However, because its augmentation is preprocessed before the video image is transmitted, the viewer at home may have no influence on this formation; and no interaction for the user is possible unless the viewer has a direct connection to the content provider. Augmented broadcasting technology enables viewers to watch mixed broadcasting content only when they want such service and to watch original broadcasting content when they do not. To realize an augmented broadcasting service, the most important issue is to resolve the hybrid content synchronization over heterogeneous broadcast and broadband networks. This paper proposes a novel hybrid content synchronization scheme for an augmented broadcasting service and presents its implementation and results in a terrestrial DTV environment.