• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2012

The rotator cuff is situated in a potential tight subacromial space and undergoes senescent structural changes commonly observed in other joints of the body. When the cuff fails, spontaneous healing of the torn tendon is not expected to occur, and multiple factors may be responsible. Its fibers are under tension and typically retract on tearing. The subacromial bursal inflammation and alterations in normal glenohumeral kinematics have been considered in the development of symptoms. Controversy continues to exist concerning the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. The heterogeneity of the disorder, as well as the notion that rotator cuff disease may not actually represent a continuum of the same process, but rather, is a compilation of independent disorders, may partly explain the differing viewpoints on its origin. Two contrasting pathogenetic mechanisms have been extensively described and include vascular, or intrinsic, causes and impingement, or extrinsic, factors. Other etiologies have also been reported that include trauma, congenital or developmental factors, and instability. For successful treatment of the rotator cuff diseases, it is essential to understand the structure and function of rotator cuff and to clarify the pathogenesis and natural history of its disorder.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.14-27
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• 2020

Purpose: To overcome several drawbacks of chemically-crosslinked collagen membranes, modification processes such as ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking and the addition of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) to collagen membranes have been introduced. This study evaluated the efficacy and biocompatibility of BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in a rabbit calvarial model. Methods: Four circular bone defects (diameter, 8 mm) were created in the calvarium of 10 rabbits. Each defect was randomly allocated to one of the following groups: 1) the sham control group (spontaneous healing); 2) the M group (defect coverage with a BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane and no graft material); 3) the BG (defects filled with BCP particles without membrane coverage); and 4) the BG+M group (defects filled with BCP particles and covered with a BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane in a conventional GBR procedure). At 2 and 8 weeks, rabbits were sacrificed, and experimental defects were investigated histologically and by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: In both micro-CT and histometric analyses, the BG and BG+M groups at both 2 and 8 weeks showed significantly higher new bone formation than the control group. On micro-CT, the new bone volume of the BG+M group (48.39±5.47 ㎣) was larger than that of the BG group (38.71±2.24 ㎣, P=0.032) at 8 weeks. Histologically, greater new bone area was observed in the BG+M group than in the BG or M groups. BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane did not cause an abnormal cellular reaction and was stable until 8 weeks. Conclusions: Enhanced new bone formation in GBR can be achieved by simultaneously using bone graft material and a BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane, which showed high biocompatibility and resistance to degradation, making it a biocompatible alternative to chemically-crosslinked collagen membranes.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-65
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• 2020

BMGIM is a method of individual psychotherapy which seeks to achieve self-knowledge via imagery experiences evoked by music. When dealing with imagery in BMGIM, emphasis is placed on the insight of the client, but there are occasions when clients sometimes are confused because they cannot understand their imagery experiences. Also therapists and clients tend to consider experiences of BMGIM from a causalistic-reductive perspective. In order to understand the meaning of BMGIM imagery experiences, in this thesis imagery experiences are interpreted from a Jungian perspective that understands imagery as a symbol and stresses the purposive meaning. At first the definition and procedures of BMGIM are dealt with, secondly music and imagery as components of BMGIM are examined, and lastly the symbolic meaning of two female clients' BMGIM imageries are discussed. Looking into deeply imagery experiences, both therapist and clients newly came to realize not only the symbolic meaning of imageries but also the purposive meaning of wounds and sufferings of clients, especially I was able to confirm the following three points. First, just like dreams or active imagination, BMGIM also deals with spontaneous contents of the psyche. Second, the autonomy of the objective psyche which orients the development of personality, healing and wholeness is also revealed in BMGIM. Lastly, Jungian perspective aids in understanding the meaning of the imagery experiences in a more deep and abundant way. From this point, BMGIM can also be seen as a useful therapeutic tool which deals with the unconscious such as dream analysis or active imagination.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2021

The Korean girl group "Kara" has suffered the trilemma of its de facto failure to debut, the crisis of team breakup, and the CEO crisis of the agency. But the group has made an outstanding achievement in the history of Korean pop music after overcoming all odds. Their success strategy has never been disclosed by insiders involved in Kara's total music projects. This study has been carried out in the analysis of the strategy to provide academic implications and to honor the contribution of the late CEO Ho-yeon Lee and Kara's key member Ha-ra Gu. Therefore, between Nov. and Dec. 2020, we conducted in-depth interviews with managers, composers, stylists and Ha-ra Gu(Only in 2019, before her death) who took part in the project. The research model is set up by combining Porter's Competitive Advantage Strategy and the music value chain model into categories of "Product Innovation Differentiation (PD)" (producing, album production, performance activities) and "Marketing Differentiation (MD)" (market targeting, image specialization, promotion and communication). The analysis showed that the PD focused on complete rediscovered harmonization and revalued members' personality and sincerity with peppy songs and dainty dances as well as emission of "bright energy" which caused healing effects instead of mimicking other star singers recklessly. In terms of MD, they selected Japan's 10-20s as their main market, increasing intimacy with fans and media with the image of cute+pretty+classy+sexy. The result suggests that Poter's differentiation can function as a meaningful strategy frame in the fostering, hit, and revival of idol groups. In addition, it reaffirmed that spontaneous and passionate activities of early-stage or celebrity fan may serve as a valid catalyst for realizing differentiation, as Kara's caller of Japanese actor Gekidan Hitori caused a strong "priming effect" that drove Kara's unexpected wonderful success in Japan.