• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2011

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) evoke pacemaker activities in many tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between interstitial cell and pacemaker activity in the human ureter through the recording of spontaneous contractions. Spontaneous contractions of eight circular and longitudinal smooth muscle strips of the human ureter to acetylcholine (ACh) and/or norepinephrine (NE) were observed. Human ureteral strips were divided into proximal and distal groups, and each group was subdivided into circular and longitudinal groups. The proximal group showed spontaneous activities of 3~4 times within 5 minutes in the longitudinal group. ACh ($10^{-4}\;M$) augmented the frequency of the spontaneous contractions. The cumulative application of NE also augmented the frequency in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of NE application were inhibited by concomitant application of $10^{-5}\;M$ glibenclamide. Receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit) staining revealed abundant ICCs only in proximal tissues. Therefore, spontaneous contractions of the human ureter might be modulated by ICC in the proximal region, and the actions might be related with the activation of cholinergic and/or adrenergic system mediated by a glibenclamide-sensitive pathway.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1994

"Spontaneous" hardening of the zona pellucida of mouse oocytes during in vitro culture is most likely due to cortical granules exocytosis. Thus the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the exocytosis factor is involved in spontaneous zona pellucida hardening during in vitro culture of the mouse. The results obtained form these experiments were summarized as follows; 1. When a protein synthesis inhibitor(100${\mu}g$/ml puromycin) was added to the culture medium, it did not prevent spontaneous ZPH of mouse oocyte during in vitro culture. 2. Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine) and calcium channel blocker (verapamil) had no inhibitory effect in spontaneous ZPH. 3. A microtubule assembly inhibitor, colcemid had some inhibitory effect on spontaneous ZPH. 4. Treatment with a microfillament formation blocker(cytochalasin-B) at 1${\mu}g$/ml concentration, resulted in the excellent inhibitory effect on spontaneous ZPH. However cytochalasin-B did not inhibit ethanol-induced ZPH.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2003

The effects of nitric oxide on the vestibular function recovery following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) were studied. Sprague-Dawley male rats, treated with nitric oxide liberating agent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NOS inhibitor $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), were subjected to destruction of the unilateral vestibular apparatus, and then spontaneous nystagmus was observed in the rat. To explore the effects of nitric oxide on the neuronal excitability, whole cell patch clamp technique was applied on isolated medial vestibular nuclear neurons. The frequency of spontaneous nystagmus in SNP treated rats was lesser than that of spontaneous nystagmus in control animals. In contrast, pre-UL treatment with L-NAME resulted in a significant increase in spontaneous nystagmus frequency. In addition, SNP increased the frequency of spontaneous action potential in isolated medial vestibular nuclear neurons. Potassium currents of the vestibular nuclear neurons were inhibited by SNP. After blockade of calcium dependent potassium currents by high EGTA (11 mM) in a pipette solution, SNP did not inhibit outward potassium currents. 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinozalin-1-one (ODQ), a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, inhibited the effects of SNP on the spontaneous firing and the potassium current. These results suggest that nitric oxide after unilateral labyrinthectomy would help to facilitate vestibular compensation by inhibiting calcium-dependent potassium currents through increasing intracellular cGMP, and consequently would increase excitability in ipsilateral vestibular nuclear neurons.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.463-467
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• 1988

L. casei YIT9018에서 자연적으로 발생하는 Lac$^-$ mutant의 발생빈도와 이러한 변이주의 특성을 검토하였다. 보존균주로부터 spontaneous Lac$^-$ mutant의 발생은 MRS 배지에서 0.5%, 10% 환원탈지유에서 0.29%, pure Lac$^+$ colony로부터의 발생은 MRS 배지에서 0.25%, 10% 환원탈지유에서 0.1%의 빈도로 나타났다. 분리된 spontaneous mutant는 대부분이 Lac$^-$ mutant였고 가끔 Lac-Gal-도 나타났다. Lac$^-$ Gal$^+$ mutant는 배양 4일째부터 partial revertant가 출현하였으나 Lac$^-$ Gal$^-$는 전혀 나타나지 않았으며 Lac$^-$ mutant는 wild type보다 우유를 응고시키는데 더 많은 시간을 요하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1968

Author studied the possible pathogenesis of spontaneous pneumothorax and its effective treatment in 33 cases, and the results obtained as follows:1) Of the 33 cases, 15 cases were originated from pulmonary tuberculosis, 11 cases were non-tuberculous natures and 7 cases were followed by traumatic chest injuries which were not associated with a laceration of the lung or rib fractures.2) So called "Idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax" seemed mostly to be caused by rupture of the emphy- sematous blebs.3) Spontaneous pneumothorax, in process of the pulmonary tuberculosis, seemed to be caused by the rupture of blebs which was formed with a pathological process of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.4) Author experienced interesting cases of giant blebs which had been fully occupied the right thoracic cavity. At first, it was misdiagnosed as extensive spontaneous pneumothorax on X-ray which was revealed extensive pleural air shadow with total atelectasis of the right lung. A pneumonectomy was performed together with the giant multiple blebs.5] Generally, closed thoracotomy with water-sealed drainage is the treatment of choice in spontaneous pneumothorax. However, open thoracotomy and adequate surgical procedures should be undertaken in patients with continuous air leakage or recurrent attack of spontaneous pneumothorax.aneous pneumothorax.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to understand the meaning of women's experience of spontaneous delivery with midwives at midwifery clinics or home. Methods: van Kaam's Psychophenomenological method composed of a four-stage, 12-step format was used. In-depth interviews were carried out from January to July, 2011, with twelve women. Results: Through the data analysis, 403 significant statements, 172 elements, 48 subcategories, and 19 categories were extracted, and from the 19 categories, 8 themes were drawn. The eight themes were: "Conflict on whether a hospital or a midwifery clinic", "Choosing natural delivery with the assurance of her ability to delivery spontaneously and having trust in the midwives." "Being encouraged by a midwife and family members with one accord", "Experience of the spontaneous delivery process on body", "Comfortable delivery in spite of painful process", "Deeply impressed by the overwhelming joy of birth", "Satisfaction with spontaneous delivery", and "Deeper love among family members". Conclusion: Through this study, women's delivery experiences with midwives was of spontaneous delivery. Women's birth of self-confidence and trust between the midwives and the women to predict a spontaneous delivery is a powerful factor. Also, family support and midwives delicate care was identified as factors in spontaneous delivery.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1995

During the period of 9.5 years from September, 1985 to March, 1995, 32 cases with spontaneous closure in simple ventricular septal defect(VSD) were observed and evaluated at Yeungnam University Hospital, and those were confirmed by 2D-echocardiogram. The results were as follows: 1. Among these 32 cases, there were 23 cases(71.9%) of perimembranous VSD, 8 cases(25.0%) of muscular VSD and 1 case(3.1%) of subarterial VSD. Septal aneurysms appears to be main mechanism of spontaneous closure of VSD because of the presence of septal aneurysm in all cases with spontaneous closure of a perimembranous VSD. 2. The size of the defect was variable in diameter, but 27 cases(81.2%) were less than 5 mm. 3. The mean age was 12.1 months at spontaneous closure with the range from 1 month old to 72 months. 4. The mean weight was 9.0 kg at spontaneous closure. 5. Among these 32 cases, 3 cases had the clinical evidence of cardimegaly or congestive hert failure during infancy. 6. Male to female sex ratio was 1.5:1.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2024

Purpose: This retrospective study analyzed the effects of advanced life support on the recovery of spontaneous circulation (SC) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: The subjects of this study were out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients transferred to the hospital by 119 paramedics in Gyeongsangbuk-do from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, amounting to a total of 2,524 patients. Results: The younger the age, the higher the probability of recovery of spontaneous circulation, and it was higher when cardiac arrest occurred in a public place or was witnessed. If the patient's initial electrocardiogram rhythm is defibrillable, the probability of recovery from spontaneous circulation is high. The recovery of the spontaneous circulation rate decreased with time between the time of report and the time of contact with the patient. Recovery of the spontaneous circulation rate was high when mechanical chest compression devices and advanced airways were not used. Additionally, this study had positive effects on defibrillation, peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, and epinephrine infusion. Conclusion: Paramedics should actively perform peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and epinephrine infusion, and it should be possible to clearly determine whether defibrillation should be applied through electrocardiographic education.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2024

자발에코대조(spontaneous echo contrast)는 B 모드 초음파 영상에서 관찰되는 소용돌이 모양의 연기 같은 에코 패턴으로, 일반적으로 혈액 정체 또는 저유량 상태에서 발생한다. 이러한 혈류역학적 교란은 느린 흐름으로 인해 낮은 전단 응력을 발생시켜 혈관내피세포의 기능 장애를 유발하고 응고 인자인 섬유소원의 활성화를 촉진한다. 결과적으로 적혈구를 포함한 혈액 세포가 쉽게 응집하여 혈전 형성의 전구체인 자발에코대조를 형성한다. 자발에코대조는 주로 좌심방확장증이 있는 환자의 좌심방이나 심방세동 환자의 좌심방귀에서 발견되며, 드물게 경동맥에서도 관찰될 수 있다. 이 사례 보고서에서는 전이성 암환자의 경동맥이중초음파검사 중 관찰된 자발에코대조의 영상 소견을 제시하고 임상적 의미를 논의하고자 한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of opioid receptor agonists on the spontaneous alternation behaviour in an animal model of obsessivecompulsive disorder in rats. According to the theory that dopamine is related to the biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of the nalbuphine(opioid kappa agonist) and the tramadol(opioid mu agonist), which act as manipulating agents on the inhibition or stimulation of dopamine release, in the spontaneous alternation behaviour were evaluated. 24 hours prior to the experiment, rats were food-deprived. These rats were put into the T-maze, in which white and black goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for each time. After identifying the stable baseline of spontaneous alternation behaviour, nonselective 5-HT agonist 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) disrupted spontaneous alternation. Rats were stratified into fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), nalbuphine(10mg/kg/IP), tramadol(46.4mg/kg/IP), and saline(0.5cc/IP) injection group with experimental drug treatment for 21 days. The effects on the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced disruption of spontaneous alternation behaviour were checked at the next day of discontinuation of drug treatment. The results were as follows ; 1) At the day after 21 days of the drug treatment, the nalbuphine treated group and the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference from the tramadol treated group and the saline treated group in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) Within each drug treatment group, the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of fluoxetine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. And also, the nalbuphine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. There was no difference between the baseline and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We indentified that the opioid kappa agonist that act as dopamine release inhibitor affect the spontaneous alternation behaviour which is an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rat.