• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of lingual split line when performing a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) for asymmetric prognathism. This was accomplished with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) software program. Materials and Methods: The study group was comprised of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females) with asymmetric prognathism, who underwent BSSO (80 splits; n=80) from January 2012 through June 2013. We observed the pattern of lingual split line using CBCT data and image analysis program. The deviated side was compared to the contralateral side in each patient. To analyze the contributing factors to the split pattern, we observed the position of the lateral cortical bone cut end and measured the thickness of the ramus that surrounds the mandibular lingula. Results: The lingual split patterns were classified into five types. The true "Hunsuck" line was 60.00% (n=48), and the bad split was 7.50% (n=6). Ramal thickness surrounding the lingual was $5.55{\pm}1.07$ mm (deviated) and $5.66{\pm}1.34$ mm (contralateral) (P =0.409). The position of the lateral cortical bone cut end was classified into three types: A, lingual; B, inferior; C, buccal. Type A comprised 66.25% (n=53), Type B comprised 22.50% (n=18), and Type C comprised 11.25% (n=9). Conclusion: In asymmetric prognathism patients, there were no differences in the ramal thickness between the deviated side and the contralateral side. Furthermore, no differences were found in the lingual split pattern. The lingual split pattern correlated with the position of the lateral cortical bone cut end. In addition, the 3D-CT reformation was a useful tool for evaluating the surgical results of BSSO of the mandible.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the status of split tablet prescription in South Korea. Methods: We conducted this analysis using 2016 National Patient Sample data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We computed split tablet prescription rates by sex and age and determined which medicine and medical specialties had the highest split tablet prescribing rates. Results: The proportion of prescriptions that included split tablets was 15.6% (n=6,687,35). The proportion of prescriptions that included split tablets was higher for females (56.7%) than for males (43.3%), while that of prescriptions including split tablets versus total prescriptions for each sex was higher for males (16.4%) than for females (14.9%) (p<0.001). In the age group under 19 years, the proportion of prescriptions including split tablets (53.7%) was more than half of the total. The highest tablet splitting rate was found to be 89.9% for formoterol fumarate (40 ㎍), and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (60 mg) had the highest number of prescriptions. Pediatrics (65.6%) was the medical field with the highest rate of split tablet prescription. Conclusion: Split tablets were most prescribed to pediatric patients. To minimize the use of split tablets, it is necessary to develop lower dose tablets and establish a policy that promotes prescription of these lower-dose tablets.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1265-1279
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• 2017

In order to study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz triple systems, we introduce the class of split Leibniz triple systems as the natural extension of the class of split Lie triple systems and split Leibniz algebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of triple systems, we show that any of such Leibniz triple systems T with a symmetric root system is of the form $T=U+{\sum}_{[j]{\in}{\Lambda}^1/{\sim}}I_{[j]}$ with U a subspace of $T_0$ and any $I_{[j]}$ a well described ideal of T, satisfying $\{I_{[j]},T,I_{[k]}\}=\{I_{[j]},I_{[k]},T\}=\{T,I_{[j]},I_{[k]}\}=0 \text{ if }[j]{\neq}[k]$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2006

In the recent studies, various types of multi mode electric variable transmission for hybrid electric vehicle have been proposed. Multi mode electric variable transmission consists of two or more different type planetary gear hybrid powertrain system(PGHP), which can change its power flow type by means of clutches for improving transmission efficiencies. Generally the power flows can be classified into three different types such as Input split, output split nd compound split. In This paper, we present velocity and torque equations of the input-split powertrain and analyze its optimal Performances. There are six combinations of the input-split powertrain, each combination has various lever length. We find optimal planetary gear ratios for fuel economy and acceleration performance, and compare performances of each combination.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.225-230
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• 2003

The major purpose of this study is to find the optimized split injection quantities and dwell angles for PM reduction without increasing NOx. The tests were performed on a Common-Rail DI Diesel Engine to obtain optimum injection timing and duration. In this study, total injection quantities were divided into the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25%. NOx and PM were measured on the condition of the same bsfc by increasing dwell angles. It was found that the split injection reduced NOx with dwell angle increase. For 50_50, 75_25% split injection cases, PM was reduced with 10 to 12(CAD) dwell angles. For 25_75% split injection 33% PM reduction was achieved with 8 to 12(CAD) dwell angles.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4007-4024
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• 2020

It is tremendously important to construct decision trees to use as a tool for knowledge representation from a given decision table. However, the usual algorithms may split the decision table based on each value, which is not efficient for numerical attributes. The methodology of this paper is to split the given decision table into binary groups as like the CART algorithm, that uses binary split to work for both categorical and numerical attributes. The difference is that it uses split for each attribute established by the directed acyclic graph in a dynamic programming fashion whereas, the CART uses binary split among all considered attributes in a greedy fashion. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of binary splits in comparison with each value splits when building the decision trees. Such effect can be studied by comparing the number of nodes, local and global misclassification rate among the constructed decision trees based on three proposed algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

In this paper, we describe a permutation procedure in which we compute a resampling probability value and empirical quantile limits for Split-Half measure of internal reliability. We use the Split-Half reliability coefficient given by two simple methods, the Spearman-Brown formula and the two-part coefficient alpha. The use of a permutation test for Split-Half reliability coefficient is highlighted as a valuable tool when the sample sizes are small and necessary assumptions cannot be met. The permutation tests for Split-Half reliability coefficient are illustrated with an example analysis of two survey data with a sample size of 15 and 35, respectively, and a hypothetical data with a sample size of 5.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.277-292
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• 2012

The research presents an application of Balanced ANOVA (BANOVA) by utilizing randomized orders for various Split-Plot Designs (SPDs) which include two cell designs, split-plot with one-way HTC (Hard to Control) factor, split-plot with two-way HTC factor, split-split-plot design and nested design. In addition, four MINITAB examples of 2-level split-plot designs based on the number of blocks and the type of whole-plots are presented for practitioners to obtain comprehensive understanding. Furthermore, the geometrical interrelated properties among three typical Designs of Experiments (DOE), such as Factorial Design (FD), Response Surface Design (RSD), and Mixture Design (MD) are discussed in this paper.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2965-2970
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• 2008

Effects of split injection and oxygen-enriched air on soot emissions in a DI diesel engine were studied by the KIVA-3V code. When split injection is applied, the second injection of fuel into a cylinder results in two separate stoichiometric zones which increases soot oxidation. As a result, soot emissions are decreased with split injection. When oxygen-enriched air is applied together with split injection, higher concentration of oxygen helps secondary combustion which results in a higher temperature in the cylinder. The increased temperature promotes growth reaction of acetylene with soot but doesn't improve the acetylene formation during the second injection of fuel. As more acetylene is consumed in the growth reaction of acetylene, the net acetylene mass in the cylinder is decreased, which leads to a decrease of soot formation. With an increase of soot oxidation caused by split injection, the soot emissions are decreased significantly. However, to avoid excessive NOx emissions with increased oxygen concentration, the level of oxygen concentration should be lower than 22% in volume.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

Purpose : IMRT using Tomotherapy during nasopharyngeal cancer radiation therapy irradiate an accurate dose to tumor tissues and is effective to reduce a dose rapidly in normal tissues. However, this has high MU and long Beam On Time. This study aims to analyze differences in tumors, normal tissues and low-dose distributions and the efficiency of Split VMAT after applying Helical IMRT (Tomotherapy), VMAT (Linac : 2Arc) and Split VMAT (Linac : 4Arc) plans. Materials and Methods : This study targeted ten nasopharyngeal cancer patients of this hospital and compared three treatment plans (Helical IMRT, VMAT, Split VMAT). For Helical IMRT planning, Precision^® (Version 1.1.1.1, Accuray, USA) was used, and for VMAT and Split VMAT planning, Pinnacle^3® (Version 9.10, Philips, USA) was used. The total dose applied was 38.4 Gy / 32 Gy (Daily Dose 2.4 Gy (GTV + 0.3 cm) / 2 Gy (CTV + 0.3 cm) 16Fx), and for GTV + 0.3 cm (P_GTV), 95% of V_38.4Gy was prescribed. VMAT with an angle of 360° 2Arc was applied, and for Split VMAT, the field was divided into the right, the left, the top and the bottom and an angle of 360° 4Arc, 6MV was set. For evaluating the quality of the treatment plans, differences in tumors, normal tissues and low-dose area were compared, and Beam On Time was measured to analyze the efficiency. Results : When calculating the mean values of evaluation items of the three treatment plans (Helical IMRT, VMAT, Split VMAT) for the patients, the H.I (Homogeneity Index) of P_GTV was 1.04, 1.11 and 1.1 respectively, and the C.I (Confomity Index) of P_CTV was 1.03, 0.99 and 1.00 respectively. The mean dose of RT Parotid Gland (Gy) was 14.54, 17.06 and 14.76 respectively, the mean dose of LT Parotid Gland (Gy) was 14.32, 17.32 and 15.09 respectively, the maximum dose of P_Cord (Spinal Cord + 0.3 cm) (Gy) was 20.57, 22.59 and 21.06 respectively, and the maximum dose of Brain Stem (Gy) was 22.35, 23.99 and 21.68 respectively. The 50% isodose curve (cc) was 1332, 1132.5 and 1065.2 respectively. Beam On Time (sec) was 373.7, 130.7 and 254.4 respectively. Conclusion : Displaying a similar treatment plan quality to Helical IMRT, which is used a lot for head and neck treatment, Split VMAT reduced the low-dose area and Beam On Time and produced a better result than VMAT. Therefore, it is considered that Split VMAT is effective not only for nasopharyngeal cancer but also for other head and neck cancers.