• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2005

Objective: This Study was to investigate effects of Neasookseul-Tang on the anti-cancer, proliferation of immunocytes and nitric oxide(NO) production of peritoneal macrophages. Methods: We used Neasookseul-Tang extract(NOT) with freeze-dried, 8wks-old male mice(balb/c, ICR) and cancer cell lines(L1210, sarcoma-180) for this Study. The proliferation of cells was tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay). Results: 1. NOT was significantly showed cytotoxicity on the L1210 and Sarcoma-180 cell lines. 2. NOT was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes in vitro. 3. NOT was significantly decreased proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 4. NOT was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 5. NOT was significantly increased NO production from peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 6. NOT was significantly inhibited body weight and tumor weight in Sarcoma-180 cells transplanted mice. 7. NOT was significantly increased in the mean survival days in Sarcoma-180 cells transplanted mice. Conclusions: The present author thought that NOT had action of anti-cancer by accelerating immuno-function.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.327-338
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• 1998

To investigate effect of water extract of PaIMuITang(PMT) on human cancer cell-lines and immunocytes, this research estimated proliferation of A431 cell line, KHOS-NP cell line, mouse thymocytes and mouse splenocytes, Nitric Oxide(NO) from macrophage, apoptosis and subpopulation of the mouse thymocytes. The results were obtained as follows; 1. PMT inhibited the. proliferation of A431 cell line, but it is not significant. 2. PMT inhibited the proliferation of KHOS-NP cell line, but it is not significant. 3. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse thymocytes, being compared Con A non-treated group. 4. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, being compared LPS treated group. 5. PMT l00g/mQ inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vitro, being compared NPS IFN treated group. 6. PMT inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vivo, being compared LPS|IFN treated group. 7. PMT accelerated the induction of apoptosis of the mouse thymocytes. 8. In subpopulation PMT decreased $T_H$ of the mouse thymocytes, but increased T /dT s of the mouse thymocytes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2014

Total spleen lymphocytes, lymphocyte proliferation, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in spleen lymphocyte culture were studied in malnourished Wistar rats fed with goat milk yoghurt. Malnourished rats were created by using standard feed restriction as much as 50% of normal rats for 21 d. Goat milk yoghurt containing three types of microorganism e.g., Lactobacillus acidophilus, Sterptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium longum derived from Lacto-B culture in powder form. After 21 d, the rats continued to receive restricted feeding and supplemented with goat milk yoghurt for 7 d. Total splenocytes were counted by hemocytometer. Splenocytes proliferation was expressed as stimulation index, whereas the TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10 of spleen lymphocyte culture were measured by ELISA technique. The total number of splenocytes and stimulation index of splenocytes in moderate malnourished and normal rats supplemented with goat milk yoghurt was not significantly different. The level of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the rat supplemented with goat milk yoghurt was lower (p<0.05) than the control group, whereas the level of IL-10 in the rat supplemented with goat milk yoghurt was higher (p<0.05) than the control group. In conclusion, goat milk yoghurt supplementation in malnourished rats could decrease TNF-${\alpha}$ as a representation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, while it increases IL-10 as a representation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

Natural products are increasingly appreciated as a lead for drug discovery and development. A number of investigators have studied various activities of natural products and have found that they have not only nutritional effects but also beneficial properties to cure various diseases and to maintain good health. Job's Tear(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop that have long been used in traditional medicine and a nourishing food. Job's Tear has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, stomachic, antiallergic activity, and antispastic effects and has been used in China for the treatment of warts, rheumatism, and neuralgia although its mechanism remains unclear. Previous results in our laboratory demonstrated that the ethanol extract and water extract of Job's Tear exerted an immune regulatory function on mice cells in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the ex vivo effect of Job's Tear on immune function. Seven to eight weeks old mices(Balb/c) were fed ad libitum on chow diet and water extract of Job's Tear were orally administrated every other day for two or four weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500mg/kg B.W.). Proliferation of mice spenocytes and antibody production to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) using hemolytic plague forming cell assay were used to indicate the immune activity. Splenocytes proliferation of Job's Tear with mitogen stimulation such as Con A and LPS was enhanced at 50 mg/kg B.W. concentrations compared to those of control group. In case of antibody production to sheep red blood cells, the number of antibody- secreting cells was increased by administration of 50mg/kg B.W. concentration in mice immunized as a T-dependent antigen. From the present study, Job's Tear water extracts may be suggested to stimulate the mice immune response by enhancing the splenocytes proliferation and the number of plague forming cells.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

Numerous investigators have studied various activities of natural products and have found that they have not only nutritional effects, but also beneficial properties to cure various diseases and to maintain good health. Job's Tear(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop that has long been used in traditional medicine and as a nourishing food. Although its mechanism of action remains unclear, Job's Tear has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, stomachic, anti-allergic, and anti-spastic effects and has been used in China for the treatment of warts, rheumatism, and neuralgia. Previous results in our laboratory demonstrated that the ethanol extract and the water extract of Job's Tear exerted an immune regulatory function on mice cells in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the ex vivo effect of Job's Tear on immune function. Seven to eight weeks old mice(Balb/c) were fed chow diet ad libitum and water extract of Job's Tear was administered orally every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500mg/kg B.W.). Splenocytes proliferation with mitogen stimulation with Con A and LPS was enhanced at 50 mg/kg B.W. of Job's Tear compared to those of the control group. The results of this ex vivo study showed that proliferation of splenocytes and macrophage activation were seen in the mice orally administrated 50 mg/kg B.W. of Job's Tear water extracts. In conclusion, this study suggests that Job's Tear extracts may enhance immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and the cytokine prodution capacity of activated macrophages in mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3559-3567
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• 2016

Background: In recent years, there has been considerable research on recycling of agro-industrial waste for production of bioactive compounds. The food processing industry produces large amounts of citrus peels that may be an inexpensive source of useful agents. Objective: The present work aimed to explore the phytochemical content, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferation, and antigenotxic activities of lemon, grapefruit, and mandarin peels. Materials and Methods: Peels were extracted using 98% ethanol and the three crude extracts were assessed for their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Their cytotoxic and mitogenic proliferation activities were also studied in human leukemia HL-60 cells and mouse splenocytes by CCK-8 assay. In addition, genotoxic/antigenotoxic activity was explored in mouse splenocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay. Results: Lemon peels had the highest of TPC followed by grapefruit and mandarin. In contrast, mandarin peels contained the highest of TFC followed by lemon and grapefruit peels. Among the extracts, lemon peel possessed the strongest antioxidant activity as indicated by the highest DPPH radical scavenging, the lowest effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}=42.97{\mu}g\;extract/mL$), and the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC=0.157). Mandarin peel exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}=77.8{\mu}g/mL$) against HL-60 cells, whereas grapefruit and lemon peels were ineffective anti-leukemia. Further, citrus peels possessed immunostimulation activity via augmentation of proliferation of mouse splenocytes (T-lymphocytes). Citrus extracts exerted non-cytotoxic, and antigenotoxic activities through remarkable reduction of CAs induced by cisplatin in mouse splenocytes for 24 h. Conclusions: The phytochemical constituents of the citrus peels may exert biological activities including anticancer, immunostimulation and antigenotoxic potential.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Job's Tears(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop long-used as a traditional medicine; it is also a nourishing food. There are reports of its anti-inflammatory, stomachic, antiallergic activity, and antispastic effects and Job's Tears has been used in China to treat rheumatism, and neuralgia although its warts, rheumanism remains unclear. Thus, the present study was performed to investigate the in vitro effect of Job's Tears extracts on immune function. Here mouse splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production$(IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha})$ by peritoneal macrophages cultured with ethanol and water extracts of Job's Tears were examined. splenocytes proliferation increased with Job's Tears water extracts supplement at concentrations investigated The cytokine production$(IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha})$ by ELISA using a cytokine kit And $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production increased water extracts supplementation. This in vitro study suggests that supplementation with Job's Tears water extracts may enhance immune function by regulating the splenocyte proliferation and enhancing cytokine production of activated macrophages.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.705-709
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Coix Lachryma-Jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf. on the proliferation of L1210 cells and immune cells. The hexane fraction of Coix Lachryma-Jobi decreased the proliferation of L1210 cells and induced DNA fragmentation of L1210 cells. Also, the fraction decreased the cell viability of murine thymocytes and splenocytes, but increased the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters decreased the proliferation of L1210 cells and induced DNA fragmentation of L1210 cells. The main components of the fraction are fatty acid and their derivatives. These results indicate that Coix Lachryma-Jobi has a cytotoxicity on tumor cells and immune cells.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2003

To study effect of bean extracts to lessen the growth-suppressing-effect of krill meal diet, dietary krill meal with bean extracts on the performance of broiler chicks and proliferation of splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and levels of circulating TNF-$\alpha$ and ovotransferrin in plasma was assayed. The krill meal with bean extracts diet lessened the growth-suppressing effect of the krill meal diet. During acute phase responce, the krill meal with bean extracts diet decreased the proliferation of splenocytes and increased the proliferation of the PBMC and reduced the circulating levels of TNF-$\alpha$ and ovotransferrin in plasma. The results Indicated that the krill meal with bean extracts diet related with the acute phase response in broiler chicks.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2002

In the course of searching immunomodulators from natural sources, the protein-bound polysaccharide, CM-Ala, has been isolated from the water extract of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae). The immunostimulatory characteristics have been investigated in several experiments such as generation of activated killer (AK) cells, proliferation of splenocytes, activation of macrophages and granulocyte macrophage-colony forming cell (GM-CFC) assay. Of the fractions obtained using Sephacryl S200 column chromatography, CM-Ala was the most effective fraction that augmented the cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells from 0.88% to 34.18% by culturing with splenocytes for 5 days. CM-Ala also enhanced nitric oxide production by two fold in peritoneal macrophages and exhibited antitumor activity. It showed mitogenic activity on both spleen cells and bone marrow cells. CM-Ala induced proliferation of splenocytes by 84 fold and increased GM-CFC numbers by 1.48 fold over than the non-treated. On the contrary, CM-Ala had cytotoxic activity to a diverse group of tumor cells. From the above results, we proposed that CM-Ala has a possibility of an effective antitumor immunostimulator.