• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study was to review on the need for early screening of scoliosis. Methods : We have researched and analyzed theories and literatures of scoliosis screening program. Result : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Scoliosis screening should be carried out to improve middle and high school students's health and learning abilities. 2. The methods are the forward bending test, Moire test and X-Ray. 3. After the examination held by differentiating the degree of scoliosis, surgery or brace treatment for students should be carried out. 4. After the examination, appropriate acupuncture, exercise therapy and orthodontic treatment for students should be carried out. 5. Spinal health courses for young people should be held regularly to equip and encourage a healthy body and healthy mind and contribute to improve the learning efficiency. Conclusion : Scoliosis screening and early detection should be done in the Daejeon city middle school or high school students, and appropriate treatment should be performed as soon as possible.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

Current treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) consists of three phases: observation, bracing, and surgery. Although there are many nonsurgical treatment(bracing, electrical stimulation, exercise, manipulation, acupuncture, etc), their effect is still controversial. In many paper, Schroth method was reported good immediate response to conservative care, which could be considered a sign of good prognosis. Schroth method became effective thai specialists in physiotherapy for spinal deformities teach the patient how to perform a routine of 'curve pattern' specific exercises with the purpose to facilitate the correction of the asymmetric posture and to teach the patient to maintain the corrected posture in dally activities. This Principles of correction exercise treatment are based on those developed by the German physiotherepist K. Schroth.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of trunk side shift exercise on the Cobb's angle. Methods: Fifty-eight subjects (control group=30, scoliosis group=28) were enrolled in this study. The idiopathic scoliosis groups were divided randomly into two groups, a side shift exercise (SSE) group, and a trunk stabilization exercise (TSE) group. The SSE group performed side shift exercise on the developed chair training for eight weeks. The TSE group performed trunk stabilization exercise. A oneway ANOVA test was carried out to compare the results within the idiopathic scoliosis patient group before and after the exercises based on the different exercise methods. Results: The Cobb's angles were compared among control group and SSE group and TSE group. As a result, there was a significant difference from SSE group and TSE group(p=0.000), but there were no significant differences between the SSE and TSE groups (p=0.085). Conclusion: Side shift exercises are effective in improving the Cobb's angle. Therefore, the use of the side shift exercise chair designed in this study can replace general exercise either at work or during studies. Therefore, this method is easily accessible for busy modern students who are exposed to scoliosis or spinal disorders due to a pattern of inactivity.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2021

Traumatic spinal cord infarction is a rare condition that causes serious paralysis. The regulation of spinal cord blood flow in injured spinal cords remains unknown. Spinal cord infarction or ischemia has been reported after cardiovascular interventions, scoliosis correction, or profound hypotension. In this case, a 52-year-old man revisited the emergency center with motor and sensory abnormalities in all four extremities 56 hours after a motor vehicle collision. Despite the clinical presentation and imaging examination, there were no specific findings on the patient's first visit to the trauma center. Cervical spine computed tomography angiography showed a narrow vertebral artery, and diffusion-weighted imaging revealed spinal cord infarction from C3 to C5 with high signal intensity. It should be kept in mind that delayed-onset spinal cord infarction may occur in minor or major trauma patients as a result of head and neck injuries.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

본 연구는 초등학생, 중학생, 고등학생 및 대학생 등 청소년 2,787명을 대상으로 100 mm Mirror Camera을 이용하여 Cobb's Angle이 $10^{\circ}$이상인 특발성 척추 측만증 이상자의 유병율을 성별과 연령별로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 Cobb's Angle이 $10^{\circ}$이상으로 특발성 척추 측만증인 자는 전체 2.787명 중 257명(9.2%)이었으며, 13세 이하(초등학생)가 132명, 16세 이하(중학생)가 52명, 18세 이하(고등학생)가 35명, 19세 이상(대학생)이 38명이었고, 연령 따른 1차 검사에서의 $x^2-test$ 분석결과 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, Cobb's Angle이 $10^{\circ}$이상인 대상자들의 측만발생 부위는 흉-요추부 147명(57.2%), 흉추부 81명(31.5%), 경-흉추부위 20명(7.8%), 요추부위 7명(2.7%), 경추부위 2명(0.8%)으로 흉-요추부위에서 가장 많은 빈도를 보였으며, 측만방향으로는 우측 183명(71.2%)으로 좌측 74명(28.8%)보다 높게 나타났다. 척추 측만증이 $10^{\circ}$이상인 대상자 중에서 주요 호소 부위는 느끼지 못함이 219명이었으며, 요추부위 18명, 경추부위 9명, 흉추부위 7명, 견부부위 2명, 골반부위와 온몸이 다 아프다고 한 대상자는 각각 1명으로 총 257명이었고, 척추 측만증이 있는 자와 대상자의 주요 호소증상간의 분산분석의 결과는 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권5호
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• pp.926-936
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• 2024

목적 척추측만증 평가 시 컨볼루션 신경망(convolutional neural network; 이하 CNN)을 이용한 자동콥각도 측정(automated Cobb angle measurement; 이하 ACAM)의 신뢰성과 정확성을 평가하고 측정시간을 비교하였다. 대상과 방법 척추측만증이 의심되는 환자 411명을 대상으로 하였으며, 척추 방사선사진에 대해 ACAM을 수행하였다. 관찰자 1 (두 명의 근골격 영상의학과 의사의 합의)과 관찰자 2 (영상의학과 전공의)가 콥각도를 독립적으로 측정하였다. 콥각도 측정치는 관찰자 1의 측정치를 기준치로 사용하여 분류하였다. 관찰자 간 신뢰성과 상관관계를 급내상관계수(intraclass correlation coefficient; 이하 ICC)와 스피어만 순위 상관계수를 이용하여 평가하였고 ACAM과 관찰자의 정확도와 측정시간을 평가하였다. 결과 ACAM은 관찰자 1과 높은 신뢰성을 보이며 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈고(ICC = 0.976, 스피어만의 순위 상관계수 = 0.948) 평균 콥각도 차이는 1.1이었다. 전체적인 정확도는 높았으며(88.2%), 특히 경도(92.2%) 및 중등도(96%) 척추측만증 그룹에서 높았다. 반면 척추 비대칭 그룹에서는 정확도가 낮았고(77.1%) 심한 척추측만증 그룹에서는 높았으며(95%) 관찰자보다 콥각도를 작게 측정하는 경향을 보였다. ACAM은 관찰자에 비해 측정시간이 절반 정도 짧았다(p < 0.001). 결론 CNN을 이용한 ACAM은 경도나 중등도 척추측만증의 콥각도 측정을 향상시키나, 척추 비대칭이나 심한 척추측만증에 사용하는 데는 제한 점이 있었다. 하지만 측정시간을 현저히 감소시켰다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2024

This study enhances AI algorithms for extracting spinal regions from Whole Spine X-rays, aiming for higher accuracy while minimizing learning and detection times. Whole Spine X-rays, critical for diagnosing conditions such as scoliosis and kyphosis, necessitate precise differentiation of spinal contours. The conventional manual methodology encounters challenge due to the overlap of anatomical structures, prompting the integration of AI to overcome these limitations and enhance diagnostic precision. In this study, 1204 AP and 500 LAT Whole Spine X-ray images were meticulously labeled, spanning the third cervical to the fifth lumbar vertebrae. We based our efforts on the HR-Net algorithm, which exhibited the highest accuracy, and proceeded to simplify its network architecture and enhance the block structure for optimization. The optimized HR-Net algorithm demonstrates an improvement, increasing accuracy by 2.98% for the AP dataset and 1.59% for the LAT dataset compared to its original formulation. Additionally, the modification resulted in a substantial reduction in learning time by 70.06% for AP images and 68.43% for LAT images, along with a decrease in detection time by 47.18% for AP and 43.07% for LAT images. The time taken per image for detection was also reduced by 47.09% for AP and 43.07% for LAT images. We suggest that the application of the proposed HR-Net in this study can lead to more accurate and efficient extraction of spinal regions in Whole Spine X-ray images. This can become a crucial tool for medical professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal-related conditions, and it will serve as a foundation for future research aimed at further improving the accuracy and speed of spinal region segmentation.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2007

This study aims to examine changes from differences in the lumbar scoliosis angle and iliac crest height due to abnormal and habitual posture shown in unilateral weight load at standing posture and suggest data for preventing and treating lumbago. The subjects of this study are 16 lumbago patients between twenties and forties with chronic lumbago over six months, but without neurological symptoms. As a result of photographing front and back with three conditions such as weight load on both sides and left or right unilateral weight load posture in order to examine changes of lumbar scoliosis and iliac crest according to changes of posture at unilateral weight load, while scoliosis angle and iliac crest height by habitual unilateral support were increased, those by opposite support were decreased. In conclusion, it was found that habitual unilateral weight load may cause continuous distortion of spinal angle and change of iliac crest height and these may be a factor of lumbago. Therefore, if habitual unilateral weight load state is kept continuously, distortion of lumbar angle and iliac crest height may be greater and common efforts to change habitual unilateral weight load are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.282-285
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• 2019

Scoliosis is a 3-dimensional spinal deformity defined as lateral curvature of the spine in the coronal plane of more than $10^{\circ}$. This study describes a case of functional scoliosis after hip injury. In this case, the patient fell whilst inline skating (June 2015) causing severe tilting of her spine, and left hip pain. She received outpatient treatment from July 14, 2015 to December 28, 2015. For approximately 5 months, acupuncture therapy was performed to relax the tension in both hips, Chuna therapy, and foot orthosis were applied to reduce the body's imbalance. Based on X-ray images, the Cobb angle had decreased from $14.73^{\circ}$ (pretreatment) to $1.90^{\circ}$ (posttreatment). This case report suggested that Korean medicine treatment could be an effective therapeutic choice for functional scoliosis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2012

Objectives : Meridian sinew theory was introduced in Miraculous Pivot, Huangdi's Internal Classic, to explain in relation with locations of meridian sinews, causes, mechanisms, and treatment of diseases. The meridian sinews are understood to include muscles, tendons and ligaments, or muscles in the superficial body made up with muscles, ligaments, tendons, fascia etc. This theory shows the similarity or organic relationship between the meridian sinews and muscles. From the Hippocrates(460-385 BC) ages, traction therapy was used as a treatment method on muscular diseases such as low back pain, scoliosis, etc in western medicine. The effects of traction therapy, however, were unclear so that this study was purposed to illustrate the effectiveness of continuous traction therapy and to develop meridian sinews treatment. Methods : We made 2 hypotheses to explain the cause of scoliosis occurrence, muscles contraction and relaxation. As the hypothesis, we made the spinal model having 3 joints with wood and rubber bands. Each of the three joints in the spinal model represents the case of normal(NT; control), contraction(AT 1)and relaxation(AT 2) condition, and distance between the vertebrae joints was measured. Results : Under normal circumstance models, the normal type 1(NT 1; muscle relax state) and normal type 2(NT 2; muscle contract state) all joints were being towed equally. But in an unusual contracted situation, regardless of the relationship of joint area, contracted part of joint was not released. And in a relaxed situation, regardless of joint areas, released parts of joint were further released. These observation results mean that the effects of traction might be different from the purpose of traction therapy of Hippocrates. Conclusions : To explain the effect of traction therapy for scoliosis, the spinal cord model and scoliosis model were made. After vertebral bodies were pulled with different tensile forces, we compared the observed length of the each joints pulled. The results suggested that there were no effects of traction in objected parts with traction method from Hippocrates' design, continuous traction method. Moreover, it may worsen the symptom in worst case. Of course, our results are just the result of experimental models and clinical results may be different. More careful studies, therefore, are required.