• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.5
• /
• pp.676-682
• /
• 2014

In this paper, precipitation echo(PRE) and non-precipitaion echo(N-PRE)(including ground echo and clear echo) through weather radar data are identified with the aid of neuro-fuzzy algorithm. The accuracy of the radar information is lowered because meteorological radar data is mixed with the PRE and N-PRE. So this problem is resolved by using RBFNN and judgement module. Structure expression of weather radar data are analyzed in order to classify PRE and N-PRE. Input variables such as Standard deviation of reflectivity(SDZ), Vertical gradient of reflectivity(VGZ), Spin change(SPN), Frequency(FR), cumulation reflectivity during 1 hour(1hDZ), and cumulation reflectivity during 2 hour(2hDZ) are made by using weather radar data and then each characteristic of input variable is analyzed. Input data is built up from the selected input variables among these input variables, which have a critical effect on the classification between PRE and N-PRE. Echo judgment module is developed to do echo classification between PRE and N-PRE by using testing dataset. Polynomial-based radial basis function neural networks(RBFNNs) are used as neuro-fuzzy algorithm, and the proposed neuro-fuzzy echo pattern classifier is designed by combining RBFNN with echo judgement module. Finally, the results of the proposed classifier are compared with both CZ and DZ, as well as QC data, and analyzed from the view point of output performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.575-582
• /
• 2000

The Electrical conduction and optical properties of Ta$_{2}$/O$_{5}$ thin films as the insulators in DRAM capacitors were studied. Liquid Ta/sib 2//O sub 5/ were prepared by a sol-gel processing and multiple layers were applied by spin-coating up to thickness of 800$\AA$. At annealing temperature of 300~$600^{\circ}C$ the electrical conduction and specific dielectric constant were discussed the behaivor of carrier were observed by the Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) at the temperature range of 30~23$0^{\circ}C$. At annealing temperature of 300~$600^{\circ}C$ the samples were found to be amorphous below $600^{\circ}C$ and crystalline over it. The electrical strength was about 2.2 MV/cm at 40$0^{\circ}C$. In spite of noncrystallization over 50$0^{\circ}C$ the increasing of leakage current due to pinholes and increasing creak. The refractive index was obtained maximum (2.2) at 40$0^{\circ}C$. The dielectric constant was obtained maximum(18.6) at 40$0^{\circ}C$. TSC was observed one peak at the temperature range of 30~23$0^{\circ}C$ from sample at 40$0^{\circ}C$. In the case of collecting voltage the peak size is decreased in proportion to collecting voltage and then the peak may be thought carrier to be a ionic space charge.e.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.156-156
• /
• 2016

2016년 2월 5일, 짐바브웨는 극심한 가뭄으로 인해 인구의 4분의 1이상이 식량난을 겪고 있다며 '국가 재난 사태'를 선포하였다. 한때 아프리카 곡창지대로 불리던 짐바브웨가 극심한 가뭄을 겪게 된 데에는 2015/16년 슈퍼엘니뇨의 영향이 크게 한 몫을 하였는데, 이는 남반구의 여름인 11월부터 이듬해 3월까지인 짐바브웨의 우기가 2015/16년 슈퍼엘니뇨 강도가 절정에 달했던 시기(10월에서 2월)와 겹쳐져 짐바브웨의 강수량이 슈퍼 엘니뇨의 영향을 받게 되었기 때문이다. 게다가 4월부터는 엘니뇨의 영향을 받은 우기가 끝나고 건기가 시작되기 때문에 앞으로 가뭄이 얼마나 더 악화될지 우려되는 상황이다. 짐바브웨의 기후를 살펴보면, 증발량이 강수량보다 많은 건조기후 중에서도 비교적 그 정도가 약한 기후인 반건조 지대에 속한다. 하지만 연강수량 변동에 따라서, 비가 내리는 해에는 토양 수분이 과잉되고 비가 적게 내리는 해에는 심한 물 부족 현상이 일어나게 되기 때문에, 건기가 시작되는 4월부터 짐바브웨 강수 예측은 가뭄이 얼마나 지속될지를 파악하는 데에 아주 중요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강수 예측 결과를 중심으로 2016년 짐바브웨의 가뭄이 얼마나 지속되고, 또 가뭄의 강도는 어떻게 될지 알아보는 것에 목적을 두고, GCM을 이용하여 2016년 3월에서 10월까지 장기예측을 수행하였다. 경계 자료로는 ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts)에서 제공하는 Sea Ice자료와, NOAA OI (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Optimum Interpolation) Weekly SST자료를 사용하였고 엘니뇨의 영향을 고려하기 위해 IRI (International Research Institute)의 ENSO forecast를 참고하여 SST아노말리에 월별 가중치를 적용하였다. 초기 입력 자료로는 1월 21-30일 10일간의 ECMWF의 재분석 자료를 이용하여 총 10개 멤버의 앙상블 예측을 수행하였고, 8개월(3-10월) 기간에 대해 약 한 달간의 spin-up time을 주었다. 예측 자료를 모델 climatology와 비교하여 월 평균 강수 전망을 분석하였고, 기온과 해면기압의 월 평균자료도 추가 분석하였다. 또한 짐바브웨 지역의 강수 관측 자료와 모델 예측 자료를 이용하여 특정 도시들의 1년 누적강수를 예측 및 분석하였고, 최종적으로 이 결과를 통해 짐바브웨의 가뭄지속가능성을 살펴보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2021

The applicability of the white LED from the blue LED of the coating film as a binder for surface and curved coatings were confirmed. The particle size of YAG is D₅₀: 9~10 ㎛, and the crystal structure is garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂), cubic. The coating film had no cracks, at the same time, the silica sol was uniformly coated with YAG phosphor, and the YAG content and thickness in the coating film showed a tendency to increase up to 40 ㎛ in proportion to the increase in the amount added. Furthermore, as the YAG content increased, the PL emission intensity increased and the color coordinate shift toward the end of the chromatic locus curve was confirmed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.639-643
• /
• 2021

In this study, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) nanoparticle as an adhesive for fabricating a three-dimensional multilayered microfluidic device was studied. The formation of evenly distributed FEP nanoparticles layer with 3 ㎛ in thickness on substrates was achieved by simple spin coating of FEP dispersion solution at 1500 rpm for 30 s. It is confirmed that FEP nanoparticles transformed into a hydrophobic thin film after thermal treatment at 300 ℃ for 1 hour, and fabricated polyimide film-based microfluidic device using FEP nanoparticle was endured pressure up to 2250 psi. Finally, a three-dimensional multilayered microfluidic device composed of 16 microreactors, which are difficult to fabricate with conventional photolithography, was successfully realized by simple one-step alignment of FEP coated nine polyimide films. The developed three-dimensional multilayered microfluidic device has the potential to be a powerful tool such as high-throughput screening, mass production, parallelization, and large-scale microfluidic integration for various applications in chemistry and biology.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2006

Centrifuge tests have shown that a uniformly placed sand layer will first initiate liquefaction near the surface and that liquefaction will progress downward during shaking. This appears to be in conflict with the overburden stress effect on soil liquefaction (i.e., $K_0$ effect) observed in laboratory testing. This discrepancy can be explained by stress-induced densification at depth which overcomes the effect of confining stress on liquefaction resistance. Stress densification occurs in centrifuge model tests but its effect has generally not been considered when preparing or evaluating centrifuge models. A new centrifuge model preparation method is proposed by considering stress-induced densification upon spin-up. The proposed method can be used to explore $K_0$ effects. The method is supported in this study by numerical predictions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical benefit of 2D contrast-enhanced T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-T2 FLAIR) image for detecting leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in the brain metastasis work-up for lung cancer. Materials and Methods: From June 2017 to July 2019, we collected all consecutive patients with lung cancer who underwent brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), including contrast-enhanced 3D fast spin echo T1 black-blood image (CE-T1WI) and CE-T2 FLAIR; we recruited clinico-radiologically suspected LM cases. Two independent readers analyzed the images for LM in three sessions: CE-T1WI, CE-T2 FLAIR, and their combination. Results: We recruited 526 patients with suspected lung cancer who underwent brain MRI; of these, we excluded 77 (insufficient image protocol, unclear pathology, different contrast media, poor image quality). Of the 449 patients, 34 were clinico-radiologically suspected to have LM; among them, 23 were diagnosed with true LM. The calculated detection performance of CE-T1WI, CE-T2 FLAIR, and combined analysis obtained from the 34 suspected LM were highest in the combined analysis (AUC: 0.80, 0.82, and 0.89, respectively). The inter-observer agreement was also the highest in the combined analysis (0.68, 0.72, and 0.86, respectively). In quantitative analyses, CNR of CE-T2 FLAIR was significantly higher than that of CE-T1WI (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding CE-T2 FLAIR might provide better detection for LM in the brain-metastasis screening for lung cancer.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.45.1-45.1
• /
• 2021

Horizon Run 5 (HR5) is a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation which captures the properties of the Universe on aGpc scale while achieving a resolution of 1kpc. This enormous dynamic range allows us to simultaneously capture the physics of the cosmic web on very large scales and account for the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies on much smaller scales. On the back of a remarkable achievement of this, we have finished to run follow-up simulations which have 2 times larger volume than before and are expected to complementary to some limitations of previous HR simulations both for the study on the large scale features and the expansion history in a distant Universe. For these simulations, we consider the sub-grid physics of radiative heating/cooling, reionization, star formation, SN/AGN feedbacks, chemical evolution and the growth of super-massive blackholes. In order to do this project, we implemented a hybrid MPI-OpenMP version of the RAMSES code, 'RAMSES-OMP', which is specifically designed for modern many-core many thread parallel systems. These simulation successfully reproduce various observation result and provide a large amount of statistical samples of Lyman-alpha emitters and protoclusters which are important to understand the formation and expansion history of early universe. These are invaluable assets for the interpretation of current ΛCDM cosmology and current/upcoming deep surveys of the Universe, such as the world largest narrow band imaging survey, ODIN (One-hundred-square-degree Dark energy camera Imaging in Narrow band).

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2012

In order to verify exact dose distributions in the state-of-the-art radiation techniques, a newly designed three-dimensional dosimeter and technique has been took strongly into consideration. The main purpose of our study is to verify the optimized parameters of polymer gel as a real volumetric dosimeter in terms of the various study of MRI. We prepared a gel dosimeter by combing 8% of gelatin, 8% of MAA, and 10 mM of THPC. We used a Co-60 gamma-ray teletherapy unit and delivered doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy to each polymer gel with a solid phantom. We used a fast spin-echo pulse to acquire the characterized T2 time of MRI. The signal noise ratio (SNR) of the head & neck coil was a relatively lower sensitivity than the body coil; therefore the dose uncertainty of head & neck coil would be lower than body coil's. But the dose uncertainty and resolution of the head & neck coil were superior to the body coil in this study. The TR time between 1,500 ms and 2,000 ms showed no significant difference in the dose resolution, but TR of 1,500 ms showed less dose uncertainty. For the slice thickness of 2.5 mm, less dose uncertainty of TE times was at 4 Gy, as well, it was the lowest result over 4 Gy at TE of 12 ms. The dose uncertainty was not critical up to 6 Gy, but the best dose resolution was obtained at 20 ms up to 8 Gy. The dose resolution shows the lowest value was over 20 ms and was an excellent result in the number of excitation (NEX) of three. The NEX of two was the highest dose resolution. We concluded that the better result of slice thickness versus NEX was related to the NEX increment and thin slice thickness.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2008

This study is to formulate strategy for subject who are selected as national team in horizontal bars event in apparatus gymnastics. For this, skill training program was applied to players for 8 weeks. Then it was analyzed by using 3D motion Analysis system to seek the difference between before and after using the program. There were decisive demerit element K's first try for Tkatchev stretched movement from low elevation and crooked body while elevating. Not only, the location of his center of mass is far and low and there was some concern in his landing due to bended his hip-joint, but also, it exposed weak point in retro-action followed technique. Thus, to overcome that weak point, the subject repeated practices on following; when preparing for Tkatchev stretched movement at downward for big spin, make sure extend shoulder angle faster, make sure Tap movement is short and concise using hip-joint angular while delaying Tap timing for folding the body, and moreover, while backlashing the body, used shoulder joint angle wide to pull up the body. As a result, the speed of vertical upward did rut increase when separation from the bar. However, height of elevation increased that the leg would rut hit the horizontal bar even straight up the hip-joint. Therefore, the movement itself provided magnificent motion and even helped decrease the demerits.