• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.190-204
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• 2022

The anti-aging effects of Lactococcus lactis are extensively investigated. Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by L. lactis subsp. lactis. We previously reported that 24-hour nisin treatment disturbs the intermediate filament distribution in human keratinocytes. Additionally, we showed that the ring-like distribution of the intermediate filament proteins, cytokeratin (CK) 5 and CK17 is a marker of nisin action. However, two questions remained unanswered: 1) What do the CK5 and CK17 ring-like distributions indicate? 2) Is nisin ineffective under the experimental conditions wherein CK5 and CK17 do not exhibit a ring-like distribution? Super resolution microscopy revealed that nisin treatment altered CK5 and CK17 distribution, making them spherical rather than ring-like, along with actin incorporation. This spherical distribution was not induced by the suppression of endocytosis. The possibility of a macropinocytosis-like phenomenon was indicated, because the spherical distribution was >1 ㎛ in diameter and the spherical distribution was suppressed by macropinocytosis inhibiting conditions, such as the inclusion of an actin polymerization inhibitor and cell migration. Even when the spherical distribution of CK5 and CK17 was not induced, nisin induced derangement of the cell membrane. Nisin treatment for 30 minutes deranged the regular arrangement of the lipid layer (flip-flop); the transmembrane structure of the CK5-desmosome or CK17-desmosome protein complex was disturbed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that CK5 and CK17 in a spherical distribution could be involved in a macropinosome-like structure, under certain conditions of nisin action in keratinocytes.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2002

Research about spherical shells been applying most usually is achieved by many investigators already and generalized equation has been derived. But, existent research is limited in case that spherical shell's roof rigidity is isotropy or orthotropy, and research that consider periodicity of rigidity-distribution that can happen by doing spherical shell's roof system by lattice system is not gone entirely. The purpose of this paper is applying Galerkin method to spherical shell that model periodicity of roof rigidity distribution that appear by roof lattice form of large space structure and develop structural analysis program that formularize. Rigidity-model of this research selects that of spherical shell which has 2-way grid. In this paper, buckling-strength and deformation distribution of isotopic spherical shell and 2-way grid spherical shell obtained by developed program could confirm the reliability by comparison with result of existent research.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권11호
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• pp.1541-1543
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• 2013

This paper presents a spherical motor which can control in multi-degree of freedom operation. The spherical motor has been researched by many types of structure. Thhis paper shows a spherical shaped airgap and surfaced permanent magnets. Especially, The motor consists of dual rotor cores. Unlike a cylindrical motor, the spherical motor design can be considered with azimuth direction on spherical coordinates. Therefore the permanent magnet surfaced on the rotor need to be designed optimally in order to generate a sinusoidal magnetic flux density in the airgap. This paper presents results of optimal design for reducing torque ripple of the multi-degree of freedom spherical motor.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.127-139
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• 1997

The spherical non-commutative $\mathbb{S}_{\omega}$ were defined in [2,3]. Assume that no non-trivial matrix algebra can be factored out of the $\mathbb{S}_{\omega}$, and that the fibres are isomorphic to the tensor product of a completely irrational non-commutative torus with a matrix algebra $M_k(\mathbb{C})$. It is shown that the tensor product of the spherical non-commutative torus $\mathbb{S}_{\omega}$ with the even Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_{2d}$ has a trivial bundle structure if and only if k and 2d - 1 are relatively prime, and that the tensor product of the spherical non-commutative torus $S_{\omega}$ with the generalized Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_{\infty}$ has a non-trivial bundle structure when k > 1.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.680-690
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• 2020

In ocean environment, the sound speed gradient of seawater has an important influence on far field sound propagation. The FEM/BEM is used to decouple the vibroacoustic radiation of the spherical shell, and the Green function of the virtual source chain is adopted for decoupling. For far field radiated Sound Pressure Level (SPL), the Beam Displacement Ray normal Mode (BDRM) is employed. The vibration and near-/far-field radiated SPL of spherical shell is analyzed in shallow sea uniform layer, negative/positive gradient, negative thermocline environment, and deep-sea sound channel. Results show that the vibroacoustic radiation of spherical shell acted at 300Hz can be analogous to dipole. When the radiated field of the spherical shell is dominated by large-grazing-angle waves, it can be analogous to vertically distributed dipole, and the far field radiated SPL is lower; while similar to horizontally distributed dipole if dominated by small-grazing-angle waves, and the far field SPL is high.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

The present study aims to increase the amount of surface flux by changing the magnetic directions of a spherical magnet (NdFeB) consisting of four poles. For this purpose, the magnetic directions of quartile spherical slices constituting the spherical magnet are manipulated and their three-dimensional analyses are carried out by using finite-element method via Maxwell environment. The analysis of the magnetic quartile spheres with four different magnetic directions are compared to the each other, and then the quartile sphere with the best surface flux distribution is suggested for rotor structure. It is clear emphasized that the induced torque of the spherical motor, in which such a rotor is used, will be improved as well.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문초록집
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• pp.355.2-355
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• 2002

The receptance method was applied for the analysis of a cylindrical shell with a spherical cap attached at an arbitrary axial position of the shell. The boundary condition of the shell considered here was clamped-free condition. Before the analysis of the shell/spherical cap combined structure, natural frequencies of the cap and the shell were calculated separately and then they were used in the calculation of the frequencies of the combined structure by the receptance method. (omitted)

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.414-430
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• 1996

In this paper, a new kinematic structure of a parallel manipulator with six Cartesian degrees of freedom is proposed. It consists of a platform which is connected to a fixed base by means of 3-PPSP(parameters P, S denote the prismatic, spherical joints) subchains. Each subchain has a link which is concected to a passive prismatic joint at the one end and a passive spherical joint at the other. The spherical joint is then attached to perpendicularly arranged prismatic actuators which are fixed at the base. The spherical joint is then attached to perpendicularly arranged prismatic actuators which are fixed at the base. This arrangement provides a basis to control all six Cartesian degrees of motion of the platform in space. Due to its efficient architecture, the colsed-form solutions of the inverse and forward kinematics can be obtained. As a consequence, this new kinematic structure can be servo controlled using simple inverse kinematics becaese forward kinematics allows for measuring the platform's position and orientation in Cartesian space. Furthermore, the proposed structure provides an effective functional workspace. Series of simulations are performed to verify the results of the kinematics analyses.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2016

The 8 wt% yttria($Y_2O_3$) stabilized zirconia ($ZrO_2$), 8YSZ, a typical thermal barrier coating (TBC) for turbine systems, was fabricated under different starting powder conditions and coating parameters by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coating process. Four different starting powders were prepared by conventional spray dry method with different additive and process parameter conditions. As a result, large- and small-size spherical-type particles and Donut-type particles were obtained. Dense structure of 8YSZ coating was produced when small size spherical-type or Donut-type particles were used. On the other hand, 8YSZ coating with a porous structure was formed from large-size spherical-type particles. Furthermore, a segmented coating structure with vertical cracks was observed after post heat treatment on the surface of dense structured coating by argon plasma flame at an appropriate gun distance and power condition.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.530-536
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• 2016

The number of fabrication shop for spherical type LNG tank is proportional to that of the tank radius to be constructed. Due to limitation of facility investment including building sites, it is practically difficult to fabricate various size tanks with perfectly spherical shape in the yards. The efficient method to be capable of increasing cargo tank volume is to extend vertically the conventional spherical type LNG tank by inserting a cylindrical shell structure. The main purpose of this study is to derive related equations on forces generated on spherical type LNG tank with central cylindrical part under various static loadings in order to establish the simplified analysis method for the initial estimate. In this study, equations on circumferential and meridional force have been derived and verified by relations with the reaction forces per unit length of equator.