• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2016

As a one of unsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have multiple actions: as precursor of prostaglandins (PGs), steroid hormone synthesis and energy production in animal reproduction. PUFAs, which include omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), are derived from the diet and changed by diet, species, breed and season. The plasma membrane of spermatozoa in mammals contain various PUFAs. These composition of PUFAs regulate the membrane fluidity and cause lipid peroxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Induced lipid peroxidation by ROS decreased viability and motility of spermatozoa, and it is reduced by addition of antioxidant and low concentration of PUFAs. Because oocytes of animal have a high lipid components, process of oocyte maturation and embryo development are influenced by PUFAs. In in vitro study, oocyte maturation, embryo development, intracellular cAMP and MAPK activity were increased by treatment of n-3 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA) during maturation, whereas n-6 linoleic acid (LA) negatively influenced. Also, inhibition of fatty acid metabolism in oocyte influenced blastocyst formation of cattle. PGs are synthesized from PUFAs and various PUFAs influence PGs via regulation of PG-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS). Steroid hormone synthesis from cholesterol is regulated by expression of steroid acute regulator (StAR) protein and mRNA. Exogenous n-3 and n-6 PUFAs altered sex hormone in animal through stimulate or inhibit StAR activity. Because PUFAs altered PG and steroid hormone synthesis, follicular development was influenced by PUFAs. This effect of unsaturated fatty acid could provide information for improvement of reproductive ability in animals.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2013

Background Partial or complete necrosis of a skin flap is a common problem. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) can be extracted from trout sperm and used as a tissue repair agent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PDRN could improve the survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats. Methods Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the PDRN treatment group (n=11) and the control group (n=11). Caudally pedicled random pattern skin flaps were elevated on their dorsal skin and resutured. The treatment group received daily intraperitoneal administration of PDRN (8 mg/kg/day), and the control group received fluid vehicle (NaCl 0.9%, 8 mg/kg/day) from day 0 to day 6. On day 7, the flap survival was evaluated and the harvested tissue surrounding the demarcation line of the necrotic area was stained with H&E, anti-rat vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) antibody, and PECAM-1/CD31 antibody. Results The average necrotic area of the flap in the PDRN group was significantly smaller when compared with that of the control group. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed that granulation thickness score and VEGF-positive staining cells were marked higher in the PDRN group than in the control group. PECAM-1/CD31-positive microvascular densities were significantly higher in the PDRN group when compared with the control group. Conclusions This study confirms that PDRN improves the survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats. These results may represent a new therapeutic approach to enhancing flap viability and achieving faster wound repair.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of slow freezing with that of vitrification method for the cryopreservation of human embryos. Human embryos were derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the mixed solution of propanedial (1.5, 1.0, 0.5M PROH) and sucrose (0.1M), ethylene glycol (7.5, 15%), dimethyl sulfoxide (7.5, 15% DMSO), sucrose (0.5, 1.0M) and SPS (Serum Protein Substitute) was used for a cryoprotectant for slow freezing and vitrification solution, respectively. Rates of recovery after thawing, morphological normality, post-thaw viability, arrest, morphological abnormality and preimplantation development were compared between two protocols. After freezing-thawing, recovery and survial rate of slow freezing was (88.6% and 73.4%), whereas vitrification was (99.2% and 96.2%) (p<0.05). The arrest rate of slow freezing was significantly lower compared with those of vitrification(8.7% vs 29.9%) (p<0.05). Preimplantation development to the 2-cell (83.8% vs 67.7%), 4-cell (69.0% vs 47.2%) and 8-cell (62.4% vs 37.8%) stages 24, 48 and 72 h after thawing, respectively, were higher in the slow freezing than the vitrification. After slow freezing and vitrification of human embryo at 2-8cell stage, the rate of recovery rate, survival rate and partial damage rate were 92.0% vs 100%, 80.4% vs 96.2% and 52.2% vs 19.0%, respectively. And partial damage rate was significantly lower than those of slow freezing method (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that a slow freezing using PROH is more efficient than a vitrification for cryopreserving the human zygotes, although the vitrification yielded better recovery, survival and partial damage of frozen-thawed 2-8 cell stage embryos than slow freezing method.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 1991

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Ca ion concentration on sperm viability and acrosome reaction rate and to evaluate the effect of treatments using caffeine and Ca-ionophore A23187 on acrosome reaction rate in frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa. Viabilities of in vitro capacitated bull spermatozoa at 0, 2.25 and 4.5 mM Ca ion concenrations were 21.00, 26.00 and 22.59%, respectively and significantly higher in Ca ion 2.25mM added group than Ca ion free group (p<0.05) and acrosome reaction rates of in vitro capacitated bull spermatozoa were 17.09, 52.15 and 47.92%, respectively and significantly high in Ca ion added groups(p<0.05). Viabilities in vitro capacitation by caffeine and Ca-ionophore A23187 in control, caffeine treated group, Ca-ionophore A23187 treated group and caffeine+Ca-ionophore A23187 treated group were 37.91, 27.67, 22.33 and 25.59%, respectively and significantly higher in control than treated groups(p<0.05), there were no significant differences among the treated groups, and acrosome reaction rates were 10.33, 37.92, 48.09 and 57.17%, respectively and there were significant differences among the groups(p<0.05), especially higher in caffeine+Ca-ionophore A23187 treated group than others.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of $Carnitil^{(R)}$ (acetylcarnitine, Hanmi, Korea) therapy in idiopathic oligoasthenospermic men. Materials and Methods: Forty-four subfertile men with abnormal semen parameters were treated between March, 2003 and March, 2004 with 3 g of $Carnitil^{(R)}$ daily for 3 months. Changes in semen parameters were evaluated 3 months after this therapy. Results: The mean age was 34.2 years and the mean follow-up duration was 3.7 months. In asthenospemic patients (n=28), semen analysis before and after $Carnitil^{(R)}$ treatment showed an increase in volume ($2.64{\pm}1.65\;ml$ vs. $3.10{\pm}1.60\;ml$), motility ($35.1{\pm}17.7%$ vs. $45.9{\pm}20.4%$) and viability ($51.4{\pm}20.3%$ vs. $59.3{\pm}13.6%$) respectively. In oligoasthenospermic patients (n=16), semen analysis before and after $Carnitil^{(R)}$ treatment showed an increase in sperm count ($10.7{\pm}54.4\;million/ml$ vs. $38.4{\pm}32.5\;million/ml$) respectively. Conclusions: These results suggested that in idiopathic oligoasthenospermic men the empirical medical therapy with acetylcarnitine may be considered as primary treatment.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.325-335
• /
• 2013

The study was set for one year to measure the effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performances and semen quality in indigenous rams. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Forteen ram lambs (4~5 months) were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7); supplemented vs control. The animals of control group were maintained on natural grazing. Along with natural grazing the supplemented group was on supplemented feeding. The concentrate supplementation (Wheat bran, Crushed maize, Soy bean meal, Fish meal, DCP powder, Vitamin mineral premix, Salt) was provided @ 300 g/head /day to the supplemented group. Body weight, scrotal circumference, BCS and libido index were measured weekly. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty were recorded. Semen was collected once in a weak using artificial vagina and chilled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 48h for evaluation. Concentrate supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) body condition score, age, weight, scrotal circumference at puberty and libido index. Final body weight (kg), growth rate (g/d), scrotal circumference (cm) and scrotal growth rate (mm/15d) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented group of rams compared to control. Volume, concentration, motility and membrane potentiality of spermatozoa were varied significantly (p<0.05) in supplemented and control groups. However, density, mass motility, viability and sperm with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail were not differed insignificantly (p>0.05) in different observation times. It was concluded that concentrate supplementation with free grazing improved weight and scrotal circumference gain and semen production with increased quality in indigenous ram.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2021

In the present study, we examined if deep uterine artificial insemination (DUAI) can improve the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination (AI) using epididymal spermatozoa (ES) in Hanwoo cattle. The estrus cycles of 88 Hanwoo cows were synchronized, and 17 cows were artificially inseminated using the DUAI method with ES, 20 cows were artificially inseminated via the uterine body (BUAI) method with ES, and as a control, 51 cows were inseminated by using the BUAI method with ejaculated spermatozoa from 1 proven bull after frozen thawing. The pregnancy rate of the DUAI method (58.8%) was higher than that of the BUAI method (25.0%, p = 0.0498). The motility of ES was examined immediately after thawing and after 3 and 6 h of incubation. The rapid progressive sperm motility of the control group was significantly higher than that of the ES group immediately after thawing and after 3 and 6 h of incubation (p < 0.05). The straight line velocity and average path velocity of the ES group after 6 h of incubation were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The linearity and amplitude of lateral head of ES were lower than those at 6 h (p < 0.05). The flagellar beat cross frequency and hyperactivation of ES were lower than the control spermatozoa immediately after thawing and at 3 h (p < 0.05). These motility parameters suggested that ES had a low motility and fertilization ability compared to the control spermatozoa. After frozen-thawing and 3 h of incubation, the percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes in the ES was significantly lower than that in ejaculated spermatozoa (p < 0.05). Our findings suggested that the DUAI method can overcome the low pregnancy rate of ES, despite the low motility, viability, and fertilization ability of ES.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.925-936
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 개 정액 채취방법에 따른 정액성상과 동결전 pentoxifylline의 첨가가 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, CASA를 이용하여 정자의 운동성 측정 및 생존율, 첨체 온전성, 저삼투성 팽창화를 조사하였다. 그리고 자연발정과 발정유기된 암캐에서 동결정액 주입의 임신율을 조사하였다. 1.품종별 정액성상을 조사한 결과 Beagle, English cockers spanie, Collie 및 Grey hound의 정액량과 정자 수에서 큰 차이가 없었으나, Shihtzu에서 정액량과 정자수가 유의적은 아니나 다소 적었다. 2.동결희석액에 pentoxifylline 0, 1 및 3mM 첨가에서 융해 후 정자활력은 각각 46.4, 56.4 및 47.2%였으며 1mM 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다. 3.동결희석액에 pentoxifylline 첨가는 융해 후 정자의 생존성, 첨체막 온전성 및 원형질막 온전성(HOST) 모두 유리한 결과를 나타냈으며, 1mM의 첨가에서 정자의 생존성과 기능성이 향상되었다.4.자연발정에서 발정개시 후 11일, 13일 및 15일째 초음파기로 측정한 난포 크기는 각각 6.5mm, 11.5mm 및 8.0mm이였다. 배란은 13-15일 사이에 일어났다. 5.발정유기한 개체에서 수정후 임신 20일째부터 5일 간격으로 3회 측정한 태낭의 크기는 13.7mm, 28.5mm 및 40.5mm 이었다. 6.자연발정과 발정을 유기한 개체에서 pen- toxifylline 1mM이 첨가된 정액을 동결융해하여 인공수정 후 임신율은 71.4%와 75%로 두 방법간에 차이가 없었으나, 자연발정군에서 평균산자수는 6.6두였고, 발정유군의 평균산자수는 2.6두였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 동결융해 후 정자의 생존성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 찾기 위하여 수행하였다. 동결융해 후 생존성에 대한 요인으로써 동결보존액, 동해보호제, 예비동결법 및 동결소요시간을 비교하였다. 동결과정중 정액의 질을 평가하기 위하여 활력, NAR 및 생존율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지정액을 BF5, LYE, Soejima 및 modified Soejima 보존액으로 동결하였을 때 동결융해 후 정자활력은 M-Soejima 보존액이 44.5$\pm$6.4%로 다소 높았다. M-Soejima 보존액의 2차 회석액에 caffeine(2mM), heparin(l00 ${\mu}\ell$/$m\ell$) 및 caffeine＋heparin 를 첨가하였을 때 동결융해 후 활력은 caffeine 첨가구가 61.7% 로 가장 높았으며, 단독 혹은 혼합첨가가 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 활력을 나타내었다 (p＜0.05). M-Soejima 보존액에 동해보호제로서 glycerol(Gly), ethylene glycol(EG), propylene glycol(GP), Gly＋EG 및 Gly＋PG을 첨가하였을 때 동결융해 후 활력 및 NAR 율은 Gly＋PG의 혼합첨가시 (31.3%/39.5%) 가 다른 첨가구보다 다소 높았으며 생존율은 Gly＋EG 첨가구가 21.2% 로 다른 첨가구보다 다소 높았다. BE5와 M-Soejima 보존액으로 straw 및 pellet 동결법으로 동결하는 동안 dry ice-pellet, dry ice-straw 및 L$N_2$vapor-straw 법으로 예비동결하였을 때 각각 22.8, 47.5, 52.5% 및 42.5, 47.5, 57.5% 의 활력을 나타내었다. 또한 M-Soejima 보존액의 straw 법으로 l차 희석부터 동결완료까지 소요되는 시간을 2, 5 및 7시간으로 하였을 때 동결융해 후 활력 및 생존율은 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, NAR 율은 처리시간이 길어질수록 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 동결융해 후 활력, NAR 및 생존율을 높이기 위해서는 caffeine 이 첨가된 M-Soejima 보존액에 동해보호제로 glycerol과 propylene glycol 또는 ehtylene glycol 을 사용하여 2시간 동안 빠르게 동결처리된 정액이 다소 유리할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.957-966
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 내분비 장애물질 중 관찰물질로 지정된 BPA의 투여가 생쥐의 번식특성과 생리기능에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 웅성 생쥐에 BPA를 체중 kg당 무처리구, 대조구, 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA을 투여한 구에서 실험개시시와 실험종료시의 체중, 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으며, 정소의 무게는 5.0mg 투여구가 다소 낮은 무게를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 없었다. BPA의 투여가 웅성 생쥐의 정액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 생존율과 유효정자수는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었으나 정자농도는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 정자농도를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 기형율은 5.0mg 투여구가 무처리구, 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 기형율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 웅성의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향에서 RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 무처리구 및 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. BPA의 투여가 자성 생쥐의 번식기관 무게에 미치는 영향은 실험개시시 체중, 실험종료시 체중 및 자궁의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었지만, 오른쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 낮은 무게를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구 및 0.05mg 투여구보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 무게를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 자성 생쥐의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향은 RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, WBC는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, PLT는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 혈중 BUN의 함량은 BPA 투여구가 대조구 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 함량을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직검사에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 인정되지 않았다.