• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2000

In this study, we improve the performance of a speech recognition system of visual information depending on lip movements. This paper focuses on the robustness of the word recognition system with the rotation, transition and scaling of the lip images. The different methods of lipreading have been used to estimate the stability of recognition performance. Especially, we work out the special system of the log-polar mapping, which is called Mellin transform with quasi RTS-invariant and related approaches to machine vision. The results of word recognition are reported with HMM (Hidden Markov Model) recognition system.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.339-368
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• 2014

In Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, phoneme-based pronunciation teaching such as tone, consonants, vowels is the most common teaching methods. Based on main character of Chinese grammar: 'lack of morphological change' in a narrow sense, was proposed by Lv Shuxiang and Zhu Dexi, I designed 'Communicative oriented Chinese pronunciation teaching method'. This teaching method is composed of seven elements: one kind is the 'structural elements': phoneme, word, phrase, sentence; another kind is the 'functional elements': listening, speaking and translation. This pronunciation teaching method has four kinds of practice methods: 1) phoneme learning method; 2) word based pronunciation practice; 3) phrase based pronunciation practice; 4) sentence based pronunciation practice. When the teachers use these practice methods, they can use the dialogue and Korean-Chinese translation. In particular, when the teachers use 'phoneme learning method', they must use Korean and Chinese phonetic comparison results. When the teachers try to correct learner's errors, they must first consider the speech communication.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.438-445
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an enhancement of Japanese acoustic model which is trained with Korean speech database by using several combination strategies. We describe the strategies for training more than two language combination, which are Cross-Language Transfer, Cross-Language Adaptation, and Data Pooling Approach. We simulated those strategies and found a proper method for our current Japanese database. Existing combination strategies are generally verified for under-resourced Language environments, but when the speech database is not fully under-resourced, those strategies have been confirmed inappropriate. We made tyied-list with only object-language on Data Pooling Approach training process. As the result, we found the ERR of the acoustic model to be 12.8 %.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.53
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• pp.131-161
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• 2018

Emotional expressions are expressions that show the internal condition of mind or consciousness. Types of emotional expressions include vocabulary that describes emotion, the composition of sentences that expresses emotion such as an exclamatory sentence and rhetorical question, expressions of interjection, appellation, causative, passive, adverbs of attitude for an idea, and a style of writing. This study focuses on vocabulary that describes emotion and analyzes the aspect of translation when emotional expressions of 'Hu(怖)' is shown on "Kokoro". The aspect of translation was analyzed by three categories as follows; a part of speech, handling of subjects, and classification of meanings. As a result, the aspect of translation for expressions of Hu(怖)' showed that they were translated to vocabulary as they were suggested in the dictionary in some cases. However, they were not always translated as they were suggested in the dictionary. Vocabulary that described the emotion of 'Hu(怖)' in Japanese sentences were mostly translated to their corresponding parts of speech in Korean. Some adverbs needed to add 'verbs' when they were translated. Also, different vocabulary was added or used to maximize emotion. However, the correspondence of a part of speech in English was different from Korean. Examples of Japanese sentences that expressed 'Hu(怖)' by verbs were translated to expression of participles for passive verbs such as 'fear', 'dread', 'worry', and 'terrify' in many cases. Also, idioms were translated with focus on the function of sentences rather than the form of sentences. Examples, what was expressed in adverbs did not accompany verbs of 'Hu (怖)'. Instead, it was translated to the expression of participles for passive verbs and adjectives such as 'dread', 'worry', and 'terrify' in many cases. The main agents of emotion were shown in the first person and the third person in simple sentences. The translation on emotional expressions when a main agent was the first person showed that the fundamental word order of Japanese was translated as it was in Korean. However, adverbs of time and adverbs of degree tended to be added. Also, the first person as the main agent of emotion was positioned at the place of subject when it was translated in English. However, things or the cause of events were positioned at the place of subject in some cases to show the degree of 'Hu(怖)' which the main agent experienced. The expression of conjecture and supposition or a certain visual and auditory basis was added to translate the expression of emotion when the main agent of emotion was the third person. Simple sentences without a main agent of emotion showed that their subjects could be omitted even if they were essential components because they could be known through context in Korean. These omitted subjects were found and translated in English. Those subjects were not necessarily humans who were the main agents of emotion. They could be things or causes of events that specified the expression of emotion.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2011

Brand names are often considered as a part of product and important extrinsic cues of product evaluation, when consumers make purchasing decisions. For a company, brand names are also important assets. Building a strong brand name in the Chinese commonwealth is a main challenge for many global companies. One of the first problem global company has to face is how to translate English brand name into Chinese brand name. It is very difficult decision because of cultural and linguistic differences. Western languages are based on an alphabet phonetic system, whereas Chinese are based on ideogram. Chinese speakers are more likely to recall stimuli presented as brand names in visual rather than spoken recall, whereas English speakers are more likely to recall the names in spoken rather than in visual recall. We interpret these findings in terms of the fact that mental representations of verbal information in Chinese are coded primarily in a visual manner, whereas verbal information in English is coded by primarily in a phonological manner. A key linguistic differences that would affect the decision to standardize or localize when transferring English brand name to Chinese brand name is the writing system. Prior Chinese brand naming research suggests that popular Chinese naming translations foreign companies adopt are phonetic, semantic, and phonosemantic translation. The phonetic translation refers to the speech sound that is produced, such as the pronunciation of the brand name. The semantic translation involves the actual meaning of and association made with the brand name. The phonosemantic translation preserves the sound of the brand name and brand meaning. Prior brand naming research has dealt with word-level analysis in examining English brand name that are desirable for improving memorability. We predict Chinese brand name suggestiveness with different translation methods lead to different levels of consumers' evaluations. This research investigates the structural linguistic characteristics of the Chinese language and its impact on the brand name evaluation. Otherwise purpose of this study is to examine the effect of brand concept on the evaluation of brand name. We also want to examine whether the evaluation is moderated by Chinese translation types. 178 Taiwanese participants were recruited for the research. The following findings are from the empirical analysis on the hypotheses established in this study. In the functional brand concept, participants in Chinese translation by semantic were likely to evaluate positively than Chinese translation by phonetic. On the contrary, in the symbolic brand concept condition, participants in Chinese translation by phonetic evaluated positively than by semantic. And then, we found Chinese translation by phonosemantic was most favorable evaluations regardless of brand concept. The implications of these findings are discussed for Chinese commonwealth marketers with respect to brand name strategies. The proposed model helps companies to effectively select brand name, making it highly applicable for academia and practitioner. name and brand meaning. Prior brand naming research has dealt with word-level analysis in examining English brand name that are desirable for improving memorability. We predict Chinese brand name suggestiveness with different translation methods lead to different levels of consumers' evaluations. This research investigates the structural linguistic characteristics of the Chinese language and its impact on the brand name evaluation. Otherwise purpose of this study is to examine the effect of brand concept on the evaluation of brand name. We also want to examine whether the evaluation is moderated by Chinese translation types. 178 Taiwanese participants were recruited for the research. The following findings are from the empirical analysis on the hypotheses established in this study. In the functional brand concept, participants in Chinese translation by semantic were likely to evaluate positively than Chinese translation by phonetic. On the contrary, in the symbolic brand concept condition, participants in Chinese translation by phonetic evaluated positively than by semantic. And then, we found Chinese translation by phonosemantic was most favorable evaluations regardless of brand concept. The implications of these findings are discussed for Chinese commonwealth marketers with respect to brand name strategies. The proposed model helps companies to effectively select brand name, making it highly applicable for academia and practitioner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.184-186
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• 1999

펜트리뱅크 코퍼스를 기계 번역에서 품사 태깅의 통계 정보 추출에 이용하기 위해서는 펜트리뱅크 코퍼스의 품사 집합과 기계 번역의 품사 집합의 품사 대응이 필요하다. 본 연구는 기계 번역의 품사 태그 집합과 펜트리뱅크의 48개의 품사 태그를 서로 적절히 대응하여 펜트리뱅크 코퍼스의 통계 정보를 이용하는 품사 태깅 시스템을 구축하는데 발생하는 문제점과 그 해결방안을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.06c
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• pp.275-276
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• 1994

본 발표에서는 한국전자통신연구소의 대화체 음성언어번역 연구방향을 기술한다. 한국전자통신연구소에서는 1979년 공중전화 관련 연구를 필두로, 음성분야의 연구를 시작하여 그간 음성인식, 자동통역 등을 연구하였다. 특히 1991년부터 KT와 공동연구체계를 수립하여 특정분야를 대상으로 음성언어번역 연구를 수행하는 중이다. 이러한 경험을 바탕으로 한국전자통신연구소에서는 국내외 공동연구를 통해 대화체 음성언어 번역 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 앞으로 다중매체통신이 더욱 보편화될 것일므로 다중매체 환경을 고려하여 연구를 수행할 계획이다. 아울러 연구의 부산물을 상용화 하는데에 노력을 경주할 계획이다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

최근 음성인식, 자동통역, 인공지능 관련 분야에서 글로벌 기업들의 경쟁이 치열하다. 서로 다른 언어를 사용하는 사람들 간의 교류가 급속히 확장되고, 관련 서비스들이 속속 제공됨에 따라 자동통역에 대한 일반인들의 관심도 급증하고 있다. 이에 자동통역 시장경쟁이 본격화되고 있다. 본고에서는 자동통역 요소기술들의 개념 및 최근 동향에 대해 기술하며, 대국민 자동통역 시범 서비스인 지니톡에 대해 기술한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

근래에 국가 간 교류가 한층 활발해지고 스마트폰이 급속히 보급됨에 따라 일반인들이 쉽게 자동통역 제품을 접할 수 있게 되었다. 자동통역 기술은 1990년대부터 세계 각국에서 정부차원의 연구개발 단계, 시범 서비스 및 실용화 연구개발 단계를 거쳐, 이제는 수십 개의 언어를 지원하는 스마트폰용 자동통역 앱이 소개되는 단계에 이르렀다. 본 고에서는 다국어 자동통역의 핵심 요소기술에 대해 설명하고, 최근 자동통역 기술의 개발 동향 및 응용 사례에 대해 기술한다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.432-434
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• 1996

The aim of this presentation is to show the structures and characteristics of English-Korean Machine Translator 'Trannie 96' 'Trannie 06' consists of five main engines and various types of dictionaries. With respect to the engines, the English sentences filtered by Pre-processor are tagged and parsed. After the conversion form English sentence structure to Korean one, 'Trannie 96' constructs Korean sentence. As for dictionaries, each engine has more than one optimized dictionaries. The algorithms employed by this machine is based on Linguistic theories, which make it possible for us to produce speedy and accurate translation.