• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.6
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• pp.397-404
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• 2011

In this paper, we were carried out experiments to apply parameter of voice analysis to measure changing characteristic articulator according to inhale the helium gas. The helium gas was used to overcome air embolism nitrogen gas to deal a fatal blow in body nitrogen gas by diver. However, the helium gas has been much trouble interpretation about abnormal voice of diver to cause squeaky voice of low articulation. Therefor, we was carried out experiments about pitch and spectrogram measurement, analysis based on to influence in acoustic organs before and after of inhaled helium gas.

• MALSORI
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• no.39
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• pp.73-86
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• 2000

This paper aims to research the influence of mother tongue (Polish) on the perception of a foreign language (Korean) i.e. how vowel sounds that are totally unfamiliar to the listeners are perceived, how the similar sounds are perceived and whether the perception differs according to the phonetic values of the neighbouring sounds. As a result, the degree of the influence of Ll on the vowels of L2 is different in each case and mostly depends on the familiarity of the vowel in question and on the articulatory similarities between the vowels in both languages. The results are as follows; The best perception was observed with Korean /i/ and /a/ (very similar places of articulation in both languages). The worst degree of perception was Korean /(equation omitted)/ that is very unfamiliar to Polish subjects. Vowels that are not so different from the Ll sounds were perceived fairly well. Another important result is that Polish listeners seem to be more sensitive to lip rounding than to the height of the tongue. The role of the neighbouring sounds seems to be of a considerable importance, Depending on the preceding vowel, a sudden drop or rise in the degree of the perception was observed.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.16.1-16
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• 1982

The lips play an important role of passage of food as well as articulation and production of intelligible speech. So, the orbicularis oris muscle which composes the lip must act as a sphincter for the right structure. Also, the muscle conforms to the shape of the lips to make words. The surrounding cheek muscles antagonize and synergize to position the orbicularis oris sphincter. It is highly significant from the standpoint of reconstruction that the surrounding muscle can be separated from the orbicularis oris muscle without loss of sphincteric competence as long as the facial nerves and vessels remain intact. The authors performed the reconstruction of a lower lip defect due to human bite and achieved an excellent result from a functional and cosmetic aspect. This report with the literature is herewith submitted.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.333-336
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• 1996

It is widely known that the Japanese alveolar nasal (n) is affected by adjacent vowels in most positions, that is, the variants of the alveolar (n) occur conditionally. The Japanese (n) is palatalized under the influence of vowel (i) or palatal (j). In the articulation of (ni), for instance, the tip and sides of the tongue make wide contact with the palate. It is interesting to know how palatalization occurs and varies during the production in different contexts. In my presentation, the actual realization of the palatalized alveolar nasal in different contexts is examined and clarified by consider me the Electro-palatographic data and examining the articulatory feel ins and auditory impression. As a result, palatalized (equation omitted) occurs either word-initially or inter-vocalically. (equation omitted) in (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) has great palatality. When conditioned by (j), the (equation omitted) in (equation omitted), (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) has full palatality. In each sound the average number of contacted electrodes of the Electro-palatograph at maximum tongue-palate contact is 63 or 100% of the total. To summarize the experimental data, articulatory feel ins and auditory impression, it can be concluded that the (n) followed by or hemmed in (i), (j) is a palatalized nasal (equation omitted).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.11
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• pp.63-75
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• 1998

Since many co-articulation problems are occurring in continuous spoken Korean language, several researches use words as a basic recognition unit. Though the word unit can solve this problem, it requires much memory and has difficulty fitting an input speech in a word list. In this paper, we propose an hidden Markov model(HMM) based recognition model that is an interconnection network of word HMMs for a syntax of sentences. To match suitably the input sentence into the continuous word list in the network, we use a level building search algorithm. This system represents the large sentence set with a relatively small memory and also has good extensibility. The experimental result of an airplane reservation system shows that it is proper method for a practical recognition system.

• MALSORI
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• no.31_32
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• pp.223-238
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• 1996

It is widely hewn that the Japanese alveolar nasal [n] is affected by adjacent vowels in most positions, that is, the variants of the alveolar [n] occur conditionally. The Japanese [n] is palatalized under the influence of vowel [i] or palatal [j]. In the articulation of 'に', for instance, the tip and sides of the tongue make wide contact with the palate. It is interesting to know how palatalization occurs and varies during the production in different contexts. In my presentation the actual realization of the palatalized alveolar nasal in different contexts is examined and clarified by considering the Electro-palatographic data and examining the articulatory feeling and auditory impression. As a result, palatalized [${\eta}$] occurs either word-initially- or inter-vocalically. [${\eta}$] in [${\eta}$i] and 'いに'[$i{\eta}$] has great palatality. When conditioned by [j], the [${\eta}$] in 'にゃ'[${\eta}$ja], 'にょ'[${\eta}jo$] and 'にゅ'[${\eta}jw$] has full palatality. In each sound the average number of contacted electrodes of the Electro-palatograph at maximum tongue-palate contact is 63 or 100% of the total. To summarize the experimental data, articulatory feeling and auditory impression, it can be concluded that 'the [n] followed by or hemmed in [i], [j] is a palatalized nasal [${\eta}$].

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.293-296
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• 2002

운동이론(motor theory)에 따르면 조음에 관한 정보는 말소리 지각에 중요한 역할을 한다고 한다. 조음에 관한 시각정보가 자음지각에 중요함을 시사하는 것이 바로 McGurk 효과이다. McGurk 효과는 말소리 지각에서 청각정보와 시각정보가 상충될 때 지각의 결과는 청각에 의한 조음정보와 시각에 의한 조음정보가 통합(integration)되어서 나타나는 것을 말한다. 예컨대, 시각적으로는 /ga/를 발음하는 모습을 보여주면서 동시에 청각적으로는 /ba/를 들려주면 그 결과로 /da/로 지각된다. 마찬가지로 시각적으로는 /ka/를, 청각적으로는 /ma/를 제시하면 /na/로 지각된다. 따라서 McGurk 효과는 시각적인 조음 정보가 자동적으로, 무의식적으로 말소리 지각과정에 통합됨은 보여준다. 한편 이러한 McGurk 효과는 문화마다 그 강도가 다르게 나타난다는 보고가 있다(Sekiyama, 1997). 예컨대, 일본가 중국 원어민의 경우 미국 원어민보다 McGurk 효과가 약하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국인에게는 McGurk 효과가 어떠한 양상으로 나타날지를 규명해 보고 아울러 기존의 미국, 일본 그리고 중국 원어민에 대한 연구결과와 비교 분석해 보았다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1324-1335
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• 1991

In this paper, a phoneme separation and an establishment of discriminative pattern of Korean phonemes are studied on experiment. The separation uses parameters such as pitch extraction, glottal peak pulse width of each pitch. speech duration. envelope and amplitude bias. The first pitch is extracted by deviations of glottal peak and width. energy and normalization on a bias on the top of vowel envelope. And then, it traces adjacent pitch to vowel in whole. On vewel, amethod to be reduced gliding pattern and the possible of vowel distinction to be used just second formant are proposed, and shrinking pitch waveform has nothing to do with pitch length is estimated. A pattern of envelope, spectrum, shrinking waveform, and a method of analysis by mutual relation among phonemes and manners of articulation on consonant are detected. As experimental results, 90% on vowel phoneme, 80% and 60% on initial and final consonant are discriminated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1028-1031
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• 2004

Last target of architectural acoustics is that people wish to convey voice effectively from the space adaptively in use purpose in building. But, to how exactly through space sound source that wish to deliver from indoor can be passed does quantification sound estimation method is proposing various kinds physical parameter to estimate degree of voice definition (Speech articulation) and reverberation. Result that evaluate sound source about MLS signal and Impluse signal by pistol in this treatise could know that converge in MLS and measurement error extent about reverberation time(RT) of sound benevolent person. And value is thought there is problem showing change irregularly about sound benevolent person of D50, C80 etc. Finally, in case is spread sound field in difference of sound pressure level, when measure about change of sound pressure level, sound benevolent person could know that there is no different effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop the differential diagnosis scale containing items from adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) to muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and the determine clinical utility of newly developed items. Materials and Method The four parts of pitch, redirected phonation, automatic speech and voiced sound were selected for analyzing the characteristics of ADSD in the literature. One part of tense voiceless sound was developed according to the Korean manner of articulation. The content validity was evaluated based on 5 scales (1-5 point) analysis from 30 experts. One hundred patients (50 ADSD and 50 MTD) were recorded in reading a sentence and sustained phonation. The two speech language pathologist evaluated recorded voices through a blind test using 4 scales (0-3 point) for newly developed items. Results As a result of verifying the content validity of items with experts, it was identified that the differentiated items were valid with 4.2 out of 5. Through the differential diagnosis between two groups according to the items, the correlation between sub-domains and total scores was shown as higher than 0.710. The result of analyzing the reliability on each diagnosis domain was 0.840-0.893, which showed the internal consistency of items was great. Newly developed five parts of ADSD were significantly higher than those of MTD with strong correlation (p<0.01). The reliability among the evaluators was analyzed as high with 0.892. Conclusion In this study, the differential diagnosis scale of ADSD was revealed as having validity and reliability. It is considered that it will be useful for differentiating ADSD and MTD in the clinical field.