• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.228-242
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• 2019

This research investigated the effect of mordants on the degradation of madder dye in silk when silk was treated by the H2O2/UV condition as a laboratory simulation of burial induced degradation. Alum, iron, and alum/iron composite mordanting methods were applied to silk before dyeing with madder dye. Dye extracted from silk was examined using HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. The abundance of the chromatogram peak at 8.88 min retention time was used as the concentration of alizarin pigment in silk. K/S values, CIE $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$ values; in addition, Munsell HVC values were obtained using a spectrocolorimeter. The findings indicated that alizarin degraded most severely in silk mordanted by alum/iron composite mordanting than alum mordanting or iron mordanting. Mordanting with alum alone provided a relatively lower dye fixation at the point of dyeing; however, it provided a better survival of alizarin after 12 hours of degradation treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2003

This study was done to present a criterion in selection of the most proper light sources and materials by measuring metamerism index(MI) of the light curing composite resins with spectrocolorimeter. Metamerism is defined when two objects appear to be the same color in one illuminant but different in another. This is due to the fact that they have different spectral curves that fail to match under the second illuminant. In this study, A1 & A3 shade of five light curing composite resins (Esthet-X, Filteck Z250, Filteck A110. Charisma. Vitalescence) were chosen based on Vita shade. Five samples were made for shade of each product with Teflon mold (diameter: 15mm, thickness: 2mm). Metamerism index of each samples on a Barium sulfate plate($L^{*}=96.54,{\;}a^{*}=0.19,{\;}b^{*}=0.01$) prepared for sample fixation were measured with spectrocolorimeter(Miniscan XE plus. Model 4000s. Hunter Lab. USA) by applying standard light source D^{65}, C. Fcw, TL84 and A. Standardization was done with reference standard(X=80.8, Y=85.7, Z=90.8) and light trap. The results were as follows. 1. Different resins with same Vita shade showed recognizable color difference (${\delta}E^{*}>2$). 2. All composites had MI below accepted value 0.5 between standard illuminant(D$_{65}$, C, & A) and below 1.5 under fluorescent condition (Fcw & TL84). 3. MI value between $D^{65}$ and A showed higher value than MI value between other source of light(p<0.01). 4. All resins except Z250 showed MI value that A3 is higher than A1 between $D^{65}$ and A(p<0.05).except Z250 showed MI value that A3 is higher than A1 between $D^{65}$ and A(p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.424-432
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• 1998

To get a satisfactory result in the composite resin restorations, it is necessary to choose correct shade. At present, most of the commercial composite resins are based on the Vita Lumin shade guide or Bioform shade guide, but color differences might be expected even using the same shade in various materials. In this study, five kinds of light-cured composite resins with A2 and B3 shade were used to measure and compare the color each other while one porcelain served as a control. All composite resins (Spectrum TPH (SP), VeridonFil- Photo (VE), Z100 (Z100), Charisma (CH), Prodigy (PRO)) were filled in to the metal mold (12 mm diameter, 2 mm depth), followed by compression, polymerization and polishing with wet sandpaper. The specimens of porcelain were fabricated by using the refractory mold for porcelain. After 24 hours, the specimens were placed on the spectrocolorimeter and spectral reflectance were measured under CIE illuminant D65. After measuring the values of $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$, following results were obtained; 1. The $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of both shade of porcelain specimens showed significantly higher than those of resin specimens(p<0.05). 2. In comparing the resin specimens of the A2 shade, differences were significant except $L^*$ values of SP-CH and PRO-VE, $a^*$ values of the VE-SP and $b^*$ values of the VE-Z100 and SP-PRO(p<0.05), 3. In comparing the resin specimens of the B3 shade, differences were significant except $L^*$ values of PRO-SP, $a^*$ values of the SP-PRO and Z100-VE and b* values of the PRO-SP(p<0.05). 4. In comparing the resin specimens of the A2 shade, color differences between materials (${\Delta}E^*$) showed the lowest value of 1.66, and the highest was 5.16. ${\Delta}E^*$ values of the materials of VE-PRO, CH-PRO, SP-PRO, SP-Z100 and SP-CH were lower than 3.3. 5. In comparing the resin specimens of the B3 shade, the lowest value of the ${\Delta}E^*$ was 0.57 and the highest was 5.92. ${\Delta}E^*$ values of Z100-CH and SP-PRO were lower than 3.3. The present study revealed there was perceptible color difference between materials even if they have the same designated shade based on Vita shade guide. The results of the present study suggested that it would be necessary to establish the reproducible and constant color specification system for an esthetic restoration.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.342-359
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• 2018

This research investigated the relationship between the amount of fixed pigment and the color of silk dyed with three types of fermented indigo powder dye under different temperatures and pH, by reduction or nonreduction method. Amount of fixed pigment was analyzed using the Ultimate 3000 HPLC-DAD instrument and the color of dyed silk was measured using the X-rite spectrocolorimeter. All silk samples dyed by reduction method showed PB color. The amount of indigotin fixation was dependent on the dyeing temperature and pH regardless of the indigotin composition in the dye. Indirubin was less dependent upon the dyeing condition in the reduction dyeing and its fixation was minimum level. Dyeing conditions which can maximize the indigotin fixation were $50^{\circ}C/pH$ 11 and $70^{\circ}C/pH$ 7 conditions in reduction dyeing. Color of silk showed more redness ($a^*$) thus higher PB color when the indigotin fixation was low and indirubin fixation was relatively high. Indirubin fixation was very low with slightly better fixation by nonreduction method. More reddish color was obtained by nonreduction dyeing, and by more alkaline dyebath.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1205-1223
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• 2020

This research investigated the protective effect on hair for 3 commercial hair oil products containing UV filters upon UVA and UVB irradiation. Hair tresses each weighing 2 g were prepared from black virgin hair. Hair tresses treated with 0.5 g of hair oil were irradiated by UVA (365 nm) and UVB (302 nm) lamp for up to 600 hours. Color of hair was measured using a spectrocolorimeter, tensile strength and elongation of hair were measured using a biological tensile tester, surface morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Experimental results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Hair color and tensile strength were both affected by UVA and UVB irradiation. Significant differences in the color and tensile strength were observed between untreated hair and hair treated with hair oils. Good UV protective effect observed in Oil 2 and Oil 3 was attributable to the type and the combination of UV filters contained in the products.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.906-922
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• 2020

Efficacy of Flos Sophorae as UV protective dye was examined in comparison to standard dyes of quercetin and rutin. Cotton was dyed using Flos Sophorae extract, quercetin, and rutin with 2 different concentrations for each dye. Each type of dyeing applied a temperature of 70℃ or 90℃ and a time of 30 min or 60 min. Color values of dyed samples were examined using a spectrocolorimeter. HPLC-DAD analysis indicated the amount of quercetin and rutin contained in Flos Sophorae used in the study. UPF values of dyed samples were measured using an ultraviolet transmittance analyzer. Experimental results indicated that dyeing cotton with Flos Sophorae extract, quercetin, or rutin increased the UPF value and decreased the UVA and UVB transmittance (%) regardless of dyeing conditions. A higher rank of UPF values were shown in cotton dyed using the Flos Sophorae extract that implied the possible concerted effect of quercetin, rutin, and flavonoid compounds contained in Flos Sophorae. The results indicated that Flos Sophorae is an effective natural dye that can improve the UV protective function of summer cotton fabric.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2023

This study focuses on the application of a new measurement method that quantifies the residual color of filtered water using a spectrocolorimeter after filtering the discolored substances. It was confirmed through the color and turbidity cross-test that the discolored substances cannot be measured effectively with the current legal color and turbidity test method. Therefore, the National Institute of Environmental Research's filter testing method, which involves filtering the sample through 0.45 ㎛ filter and visually inspecting the color, was improved. A membrane filter colorimetry (MFC) method was established by measuring the color difference (ΔE*ab(65)) of the filtered filter using a spectrophotometer and expressing it as filter color unit (FCU). Using the MFC method, the FCU for reference materials such as iron and manganese, as well as field samples, was measured. The results showed a high correlation with turbidity, and the color difference patterns varied depending on the type of reference materials and field samples. This indicates that the MFC method is an effective new measurement method of discolored tap water.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of cooking time on the internal temperature and color of cutlets and the reduction of indicator organisms in cutlets by cooking. Methods: Three kinds of commercially packed frozen cutlets (pork, chicken and fish cutlets), were purchased from local markets. The cutlets were cooked in a frying pan at $180^{\circ}C$ for four minutes. Internal temperature was measured with a food thermometer. Color was measured using a Hunter spectrocolorimeter. Aerobic colony counts, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were determined according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: The internal cooked temperature of every cutlet reached over $74^{\circ}C$, the temperature considered safe, after three minutes, while external temperature reached this level in two minutes (p < 0.001). The instrumental color value as lightness (L) in the cooked cutlets significantly changed (p < 0.001) after one minute. The level of aerobic colony counts of fresh cutlets was under the specification and was reduced to one tenth its level in the cooked cutlets. Coliforms and E. coli were not detected in all samples. The internal temperature of the cutlets was significantly affected by cooking time and weight (p < 0.001). The interaction effect of time and weight was also significant (p < 0.001), and time was the more influential factor. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the sampled cutlets should be cooked for a minimum of three minutes or more in order to ensure food safety. The results also indicate that if consumers cease cooking based on external temperature or color, there will be a risk of inadequate cooking.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1998

과산화 효소와 포도당 산화효소의 효소반응을 이용하여 혈액 중 당을 측정하는 혈당 측정 용 스트립을 개발하였다. 멤브레인에 포도당 산화효소와 과산화 효소, 색원체를 건조처리하면 혈당이 멤브레인에 처리된 포도당 산화효소와 즉각 반응하여 과산화 수소를 발생하고 발생된 과산화 수소가 과산화 효소와 반응하여 착색물을 형성한다. 제조된 스트립은 혈액과 접촉하면 반응시간 2∼3분 이내에 0∼800mg/d1의 혈당에 대하여 농도에 따라 연 녹, 청 녹, 짙은 청색을 나타내며 이때 민감도는 40 mg/dl이었다. 육안용 혈당 스트립을 이용하여 정상을 포함한 당뇨 환자의 혈당 농도를 측정한 결과 Ames사와 BM사에서 시판하고 있는 제품과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 스트립이 자동 분석기기의 재료로 활용될 수 있는지 여부를 알아보기 위하여 분광 비색계로 발색 반응의 최적 파장을 분석하고 최적 파장에서 각 혈당 농도별 반사 밀도를 측정하여 검정선을 얻었다. 이 검정선에 의해 임상 혈청시료의 혈당 농도를 측정한 결과 일본의 Kyoto Daiichi사의 혈액 분석시스템과 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 이로서 본 연구에서 개발한 혈당 스트립을 이용하여 혈액 중 혈당량을 육안으로 측정할 수 있음은 물론 자동 분석기기의 기본 시료로 이용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.982-990
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• 2011

Kenaf fiber can be obtained by decortications of the kenaf plant stem. The properties of the kenaf fiber treated by alkali (NaOH) were investigated by spectrocolorimeter, SEM, X-ray diffractometer, FT-IR and TGA. The kenaf fibers treated by alkali became darker and their Munsell color values changed from Y (yellow) to YR (yellowred) according to an increased NaOH concentration. SEM observation of the kenaf fibers showed that their crimps were developed and their surfaces were cleaned by the removal of protruding ends and impurities after alkali treatments. In the x-ray diffraction analysis, the structures of the fibers were found in the form of cellulose I when treated with a 0-16% alkali concentration and cellulose II when treated with over 20%. It was also confirmed that the crystallinity was lowered according to an increased NaOH concentration. The change of fiber compositions was investigated in FT-IR analysis. Strong band of $1,738cm^{-1}$ and asymmetrical stretching strong bands of $1,630-1,600cm^{-1}$ in spectrum (which represent pectin) were not found in the samples because the pectin was removed by the alkali treatment. Weak bands of $1,728-1,730cm^{-1}$ and peaks of $1,245-1,259cm^{-1}$ (which represent hemicellulose) and peaks of $1,592cm^{-1}$, $1,504cm^{-1}$, $1,462cm^{-1}$ and $1,429cm^{-1}$ (which are related to lignin) were not found or reduced in the samples treated with a concentration over 20%. TGA indicated that the kenaf fiber had the better hydrophilic properties by alkali treatment. The higher Tmax in TGA and the higher thermal stability when treated by alkali with the higher concentration. The fibers treated with an alkali concentration over 30% did not show any changes in Tmax.