• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

Various satellite sensors having ranges of the visible, infrared, and thermal wavelengths have been launched due to the improvement of hardware technologies of satellite sensors development. According to the development of satellite sensors with various wavelength ranges, the fusion and integration of multisensor images are proceeded. Image matching process is an essential step for the application of multisensor images. Some algorithms, such as SIFT and SURF, have been proposed to co-register satellite images. However, when the existing algorithms are applied to extract matching points between optical and thermal images, high accuracy of co-registration might not be guaranteed because these images have difference spectral and spatial characteristics. In this paper, location of control points in a reference image is extracted by SURF, and then, location of their corresponding pairs is estimated from the correlation of the local similarity. In the case of local similarity, phase correlation method, which is based on fourier transformation, is applied. In the experiments by simulated, Landsat-8, and ASTER datasets, the proposed algorithm could extract reliable matching points compared to the existing SURF-based method.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2005

To assess anesthetic depth using quantitative electroencephalography (q-EEG), we recorded processed EEG (raw EEG) till 100 minutes in beagle dogs anesthetized for 60 minutes with tiletamine/zolazepam (n=5, TZ group), xylazine/ketamine (n=5, XK group) and propofol (n=5, PI group) by intermittent bolus injection. Raw EEG was converted into 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) and median frequency (MF) through fast fourier transformation (FFT) method. 95% SEF value of TZ group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the XK group from 10 minutes to 100 minutes. 95% SEF value of PI group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the XK group from 10 minutes to 40 minutes, and significantly low (p<0.05) than XK group at 90 and 100 minutes. MF was significantly higher (p<0.05) in TZ group from 60 minutes to 100 minutes. Based on these results, using dissociative agent with ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic agent is more potent in CNS depressed than using dissociative agent alone, and low doses of propofol has a disinhibitory effect on CNS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.84-94
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• 1996

In order to prevent shell sticking by providing sufficient lubrication between the strand and the mold, the mold oscillation has been used. Now it is well known that the shape of the oscillation curve has a decisive effect on the surface quality of the cast product. Besides, oscillation parameters such as stroke and frequency are also very important. In order to guarantee that parameters which have been found to be optimal for a certain grade of steel do not change with time, periodical checks of the physical condition of the whole equipment are necessary. The portable mold oscillation analyzer with integrated computer, developed by POSCO, records the movement of the mold in every spatial direction. The system uses the gap sensors to measure the mold movement (displacement ) in the two horizontal directions according to the mold narrow and broad faces and the vertical strokes in the four corners of mold. The gap sensor is a non-contacting minute displacement measuring device using the principle of high frequency eddy current loss. The mold oscillation diagnosis system integrates the gap sensors, their converters and the industrial portable computer with plug-in data acquisition boards. The all programs, such as the fast Fourier transformation module (amplitude and phase spectrums) and harmonic analysis module, was coded by LabVIEW$^{TM}$ software as the graphical language. In an own 'expert module' which is included in the diagnosis program, one can obtain much information about the mold oscillation equipment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of mathematical transformation on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for the prediction of chemical composition and fermentation parameters in corn silage. Corn silage samples (n=407) were collected from cattle farms and feed companies in Korea between 2014 and 2015. Samples of silage were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range of 680~2,500 nm. The optical data were recorded as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R) and scanned in intact fresh condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with several spectral math treatments to reduce the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected based on the highest coefficients of determination in cross validation ($R^2{_{cv}}$) and the lowest standard error of cross validation (SECV). Results of this study revealed that the NIRS method could be used to predict chemical constituents accurately (correlation coefficient of cross validation, $R^2{_{cv}}$, ranging from 0.77 to 0.91). The best mathematical treatment for moisture and crude protein (CP) was first-order derivatives (1, 16, 16, and 1, 4, 4), whereas the best mathematical treatment for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was 2, 16, 16. The calibration models for fermentation parameters had lower predictive accuracy than chemical constituents. However, pH and lactic acids were predicted with considerable accuracy ($R^2{_{cv}}$ 0.74 to 0.77). The best mathematical treatment for them was 1, 8, 8 and 2, 16, 16, respectively. Results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to use NIRS method to predict the chemical composition and fermentation quality of fresh corn silages as a routine analysis method for feeding value evaluation to give advice to farmers.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.275-292
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to determine Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) coefficients for the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). TCT is traditional method of analyzing the characteristics of the land area from multi spectral sensor data. TCT coefficients for a new sensor must be estimated individually because of different sensor characteristics of each sensor. Although the primary objective of the GOCI is for ocean color study, one half of the scene covers land area with typical land observing channels in Visible-Near InfraRed (VNIR). The GOCI has a unique capability to acquire eight scenes per day. This advantage of high temporal resolution can be utilized for detecting daily variation of land surface. The GOCI TCT offers a great potential for application in near-real time analysis and interpretation of land cover characteristics. TCT generally represents information of "Brightness", "Greenness" and "Wetness". However, in the case of the GOCI is not able to provide "Wetness" due to lack of ShortWave InfraRed (SWIR) band. To maximize the utilization of high temporal resolution, "Wetness" should be provided. In order to obtain "Wetness", the linear regression method was used to align the GOCI Principal Component Analysis (PCA) space with the MODIS TCT space. The GOCI TCT coefficients obtained by this method have different values according to observation time due to the characteristics of geostationary earth orbit. To examine these differences, the correlation between the GOCI TCT and the MODIS TCT were compared. As a result, while the GOCI TCT coefficients of "Brightness" and "Greenness" were selected at 4h, the GOCI TCT coefficient of "Wetness" was selected at 2h. To assess the adequacy of the resulting GOCI TCT coefficients, the GOCI TCT data were compared to the MODIS TCT image and several land parameters. The land cover classification of the GOCI TCT image was expressed more precisely than the MODIS TCT image. The distribution of land cover classification of the GOCI TCT space showed meaningful results. Also, "Brightness", "Greenness", and "Wetness" of the GOCI TCT data showed a relatively high correlation with Albedo ($R^2$ = 0.75), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ($R^2$ = 0.97), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) ($R^2$ = 0.77), respectively. These results indicate the suitability of the GOCI TCT coefficients.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

This study aimed to establish a rapid system for discriminating the cultivation origins and cultivars of dry persimmons, using metabolite fingerprinting by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis. Whole-cell extracts from the sepals of four Korean cultivars and two different Chinese dry persimmons were subjected to FT-IR spectroscopy. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the FT-IR spectral data successfully discriminated six dry persimmons into two groups depending on their cultivation origins. Principal component loading values showed that the 1750-1420 and $1190-950cm^{-1}$ regions of the FT-IR spectra were significantly important for the discrimination of cultivation origins. The accuracy of prediction of the cultivation origins and cultivars by PLS regression was 100% (p<0.01) and 85.9% (p<0.05), respectively. These results clearly show that metabolic fingerprinting of FT-IR spectra can be applied for rapid discrimination of the cultivation origins and cultivars of commercial dry persimmons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.6_1
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• pp.455-461
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• 2013

Kompsat-3 is an optical high-resolution earth observation satellite launched in May 2012. The AEISS sensor of the Korean satellite provides 0.7m panchromatic and 2.8m multi-spectral images with 16.8km swath width from the sun-synchronous near-circular orbit of 685km altitude. Kompsat-3 is more advanced than Kompsat-2 and the improvements include better agility such as in-track stereo acquisition capability. This study investigated the characteristic of the epipolar curves of in-track Kompsat-3 stereo images. To this end we used the RPCs(Rational Polynomial Coefficients) to derive the epipolar curves over the entire image area and found out that the third order polynomial equation is required to model the curves. In addition, we could observe two different groups of curve patterns due to the dual CCDs of AEISS sensor. From the experiment we concluded that the third order polynomial-based RPCs update is required to minimize the sample direction image distortion. Finally we carried out the experiment on the epipolar resampling and the result showed the third order polynomial image transformation produced less than 0.7 pixels level of y-parallax.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.510-524
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• 2009

Objective : This study was designed to find the correlation between Sasang Constitution and heart rate variability(HRV). Method : There were 665 subjects (280 men and 385 women), between 39 and 72 years old. in a rural community. Sasang Constitution was diagnosed by a Sasang constitutional specialist using PSSC (Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), face and tongue photo and checkup-list. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics. HRV was recorded using SA-2000 (medi-core). HRV was assessed by time domain and by frequency domain analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of clustering of risk factors, when three or more of the following cardiovascular risk factors were included : blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride HDL-cholesterol, and abdominal obesity (waist). Because of the skewness of the data, logarithmic transformation was performed on the absolute units of the spectral components of HRV, and the resulting logarithmic values and normalized units were compared between the groups by a logistic regression. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the odds ratio was used and calculated from the data laid out for a cross sectional study. Results : 1. Odds ratios of Taeeumin and Soeumin in female adults below 60 years old were significantly lower than that of Soyangin in LF norm and LF/HF ratio. Odds ratios of Taeeumin and Soeumin in female adults below 60 years old were significantly higher than that of Soyangin in HF norm. 2. There was no significant correlation between HRV and Sasang Constitution in female adults from 60 years old and over. 3. There was no significant correlation between HRV and Sasang Constitution in male adults. Conclusion : There is a statistically significant correlation between the HRV and Sasang Constitution. There is a tendency of increase in the sympathetic activity in Soyangin. There is a tendency of decrease in the parasympathetic activity in Taeeumin and Soeumin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.2111-2111
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• 2001

A chemoinfometrical method for evaluating the quantitative determination of crystallinity one polymorphs based on fourie-transformed near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was established. A direct comparison of the data with the ones collected from using the and compared with the conventional powder X-ray diffraction method was performed. [Method] The pPure a and g forms of indomethacin (IMC) were prepared by reportedusing published methods. Six kinds of standard samples obtained by physically mixing of a and g forms. After the powder X-ray diffraction profiles of samples have been measured, the intensity values were normalized to against the intensity of silicon powder as the as an external standard. The calibration curves for quantification of crystal content were based upon the total relative intensity of four diffraction peaks from of the form g crystal. FT-NIR spectra of six calibration sample sets were recorded 5 times with the NIR spectrometer (BRAN+LUEBBE). Chemoinfometric analysis was performed on the NIR spectral data sets by applying the principal component regression (PCR). [Results] The relation between the actual and predicted polymorphic contents of form g IMC measured using by the X-ray diffraction method shows a good straight linen linear relation., and it has slope of 0.023, an intercept of 0.131 and a correlation coefficient of 0.986. PCR analyses wereis was performed based on normalized NIR spectra sets offer standard samples of known content of IMC g form. IMC. A calibration equation was determined to minimize the root mean square error of the predictionthe prediction. Figure 1 shows a plot of the calibration data obtained by NIR method between the actual and predicted contents of form g IMC. The predicted values were reproducible and had a smaller standard deviation. Figure 2 shows that the plot for the predicted transformation rate (%) of form a IMC to form g as measured by X-ray diffractomeoy against to those as measured by NIR method. The plot has a slope of 1.296, an intercept of 1,109, and a correlation coefficient of 0.992. The line represents a satisfactory correlation between the two predicted values of form g IMC content. Thus NIR spectroscopy is an effective method for the evaluation to the pharmaceutical products of quantitative of polymorph.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.473-479
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• 2004

In this paper, power density in near field is calculated about analytic object which has comparatively large volume in considering used wavelength such as cellular base station antenna. Panel sector antenna which is used widespreadly in domestic cellular wireless communication system is modeled and electromagnetic field distribution in reactive near field region is calculated by FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method. After that, antenna gain in far field region is obtain by near to far transformation. Power spectral density in radiated near field is calculated in applying to gain-based model with antenna gain in far field. Finally, compliance distance is obtained in considering the result from radiated near field calculation and basic restrictions on occupational and general public exposure limits in ICNIRP guideline. In the center of main radiating position, the result from gain-based model is -14.55 ㏈m and the result from surface scanning method is -15.75 ㏈m. When the losses from cables and connectors used in measurement are considered, the results from gain-based model and surface scanning method are nearly coincident.