• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2012

Lighting energy accounts for approximately 20% of the electrical energy used worldwide. Thus, High efficiency Light emitting diode(LED)lighting is getting more popular as the next generation lighting replaced to traditional lighting fixtures. Also, LED lighting not only has a long lifetime but also can realize a variety visual environments through the wavelengh control. The lighting energy varies depending on the Spectral Power Distribution(SPD) even though the Illuminance level is same. Therefore, This study indicates that the difference of indoor energy consumption under the same illuminance level when Spectral Power Distribution(SPD) is different. As a result, Lighting energy consumption under red-color emphasizing SPD is about 10% lower than under blue-color emphasizing SPDs.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 파랑, 녹색, 호박색 빨강색, 백색 등 고휘도 5mm LED(light emitting diode)의 기본적인 분광분포(SED: spectral energy distribution) 특성을 분석하였으며, LED램프의 중요한 광학 특성인 광속, 효율 피크 파장$({\lambda}p)$, 가중치 평균 파장, 반치폭(FWHM, $\Delta\lambda$), 색도좌표, 주 파장, 자극순도(Pe)와 휘도순도(Pc) 등을 측정 및 실험하였다. 제시된 LED램프의 특성 데이터는 앞으로 LED램프를 사용한 새로운 조명등기구를 개발하는데 많은 도움을 줄 것이며, 이러한 측정 데이터들은 조명용 광원으로서 LED램프의 사용 대체 가능성을 나타낸다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제86권2호
• /
• pp.237-247
• /
• 2023

Fourier series-based models in the time domain are frequently established to represent individual bouncing loads, which neglects the stochastic property of human bouncing activity. A power spectral density (PSD) model in the frequency domain for individual bouncing loads is developed herein. An experiment was conducted on individual bouncing loads, resulting in 957 records linked to form long samples to achieve a fine frequency resolution. The Welch method was applied to the linked samples to obtain the experimental PSD, which was normalized by the bouncing frequency and the harmonic order. The energy, energy distribution center, and energy distribution shape of the experimental PSD were investigated to establish the PSD model. The proposed model was used to analyze structural vibration responses using stochastic vibration theory, which was verified via field measurements. It is believed that this framework can evaluate the vibration capacity of structures excited by bouncing crowds, such as concert halls and grandstands.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.48.3-48.3
• /
• 2019

We present analysis results of far infrared (IR) data for 3C 58. We use Herschel observations to measure the IR spectral slope of the source. Our measurements add new IR data points to exisiting high-frequency ones and allow us to improve the IR spectral energy distribution (SED) of 3C 58, and so a cooling break expected in the optical band can be located more precisely. We interpret the SED and the break using a synchrotron+ inverse-Compton model for PWNe and infer flow properties in 3C 58. Because the IR data are contaminated by foregrounds and backgrounds, we discuss impacts of the contamination on our conclusion.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제60호
• /
• pp.67-84
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find some acoustic parameters on frequency domain to distinguish the Korean nasals, $/m,\;n,\;{\eta}/$ from each other. The new parameters are devised on the basis of LTAS (Long Term Average Spectrum). The maximum peak amplitude and the relevant formant frequency are measured in low and high frequency range, respectively. The frequency of spectral valley and its energy level are also obtained in the specific frequency range of the spectrum. Spectral slope, total energy value in specific frequency range, statistical distribution of spectral energy like centroid, skewness, and kurtosis are suggested as new parameters as well. The parameters that show statistically significant differences across nasals are summerized as follows. 1) in syllable initial positions: the total energy value from 1,500 to 2,200 Hz(zeroENG); 2) in syllable final positions: the peak amplitude of the first formant(peak1_a), the formant frequency with maximum peak amplitude from 4,000 to 8,000 Hz(peak2_f), the maximum peak amplitude of the formant frequency from 4,000 to 8,000 Hz(peak2_a), and the total energy value from 1,500 to 2,200 Hz(zeroENG).

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2016

An analysis of light curves and spectra of observed gamma-ray bursts in gamma-ray ranges is frequently demanded because the prompt emission contains immediate details regarding the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We have revisited the relationship between the collimation-corrected peak luminosity and the spectral lag, investigating the lag-luminosity relationships in great detail by focusing on spectral lags resulting from all possible combinations of channels. Firstly, we compiled the opening angle data and demonstrated that the distribution of opening angles of 205 long GRBs is represented by a double Gaussian function having maxima at ~ 0.1 and ~ 0.3 radians. We confirmed that the peak luminosity and the spectral lag are anti-correlated, both in the observer frame and in the source frame. We found that, in agreement with our previous conclusion, the correlation coefficient improves significantly in the source frame. It should be noted that spectral lags involving channel 2 (25-50 keV) yield high correlation coefficients, where Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) has four energy channels (channel 1: 15-25 keV, channel 2: 25-50 keV, channel 3: 50-100 keV, channel 4: 100-200 keV). We also found that peak luminosity is positively correlated with peak energy.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2011

Vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems use field measurements of operational signals, which are distorted by noise from many sources. Reducing this noise allows a more accurate assessment of the original "clean" signal and improves analysis results. The implementation of a noise reduction methodology for the Modal Distribution Method (MDM) is reported here. The spectral subtraction method is a popular broadband noise reduction technique used in speech signal processing. Its basic principle is to subtract the magnitude of the noise from the total noisy signal in the frequency domain. The underlying assumption of the method is that noise is additive and uncorrelated with the signal. In speech signal processing, noise can be measured when there is no signal. In the MDM, however, the magnitude of the noise profile can be estimated only from the magnitude of the Power Spectral Density (PSD) at higher frequencies than the frequency range of the true signal associated with structural vibrations under the additional assumption of white noise. The implementation of the spectral subtraction method to MDM may decrease the energy of the individual mode. In this work, a modification of the spectral subtraction method is introduced that enables the conservation of the energies of individual modes. The main difference is that any (negative) bars with a height below zero after subtraction are set to the absolute value of their height. Both noise reduction methods are implemented in the MDM, and an application example is presented that demonstrates its effectiveness when used with a signal corrupted by noise.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.209-211
• /
• 2017

We performed Principle Component Analysis (PCA) over 264 galaxies in the IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders et al., 2003) using 12, 25, 60 and $100{\mu}m$ flux data observed by IRAS and 9, 18, 65, 90 and $140{\mu}m$ flux data observed by AKARI. We found that (i)the first principle component was largely contributed by infrared to visible flux ratio, (ii)the second principal component was largely contributed by the flux ratio between IRAS and AKARI, (iii)the third principle component was largely contributed by infrared colors.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.168-173
• /
• 2011

Recently, from a saving energy and environmental lighting sources point of view, using LED lighting have been increased rapidly. The colors of light was applied to the control of dimmers that is composed of red, green, blue, and white(RGBW) to improve the quality of visual environment. Moreover this study has been processed to develop adjustable dynamic LED lighting system on SPD and definitize the various spectral power distribution and color temperature of light through the control of the four dimmers. It is possible to combine up to $432^4$ kinds of light. Measurement of illuminance of range on working surface was as 7~l,831 lux. Application of visual environment for occupants can be expected according to control of lighting performance.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한치과보존학회 2008년도 Spring Scientific Meeting(the 129th) of Korean Academy if Conservative Dentistry
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2008

광물리학적 특성 분석을 위해 Apollo 95E (DMT Systems, Orange, CA : PAC 광중합기), Elipar Freelight 2 (3M ESPE, MN, USA; LED 광중합기) 그리고 VIP Junior (Bisco, Schaumberg, IL, USA : QTH 광중합기), 3종의 광중합기의 총광강도(Total intensity)와 spectral distribution을 측정하였고 특정 파장에 해당되는 광강도(Energy density)를 분석하였다. 상아질 전단접착강도의 측정을 위해 Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M ESPE), Single bond (3M ESPE) 그리고 Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray)가 사용되었다. Plasma Arc Curing light (Apollo 95E) 광중합기는 여러개의 최대정점을 가지며 넓은 spectral distribution과 $2307mW/cm^2$의 높은 광강도를 나타내었고, VIP Junior 광중합기는 490 nm에서 최대정점을 갖는 넓은 spectral distribution을 나타내었고, Elipar Freeelight 2 광중합기는 462 nm의 최대정점 주위로 좁은 spectral distribution을 보였다. Two-Way ANOVA와 Bonferroni's multiple comparison test를 이용하여 상아질 전단접착강도를 분석한 결과, PAC 광중합기와 LED 광중합기 간에 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 (P > 0.05), 상아질 접착제와 광중합기의 교호관계에도 유의성이 없었다. 그러나 상아질 접착제는 상호간에 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다 (P < 0.00).