• 임상간호연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.399-410
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of blood hemolysis and repeated blood sampling and to identify factors contributing to hemolysis and repeated blood sampling in the emergency department. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Participants were the patients who came to emergency department and are required a blood sampling for electrolyte level. All blood samples were collected by emergency department nurses and determined for hemolysis by experienced laboratory technologists. Data were analyzed using $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney u test and Binary Logistic Regression to determine significant differences. Results: A total of 402 valid samples were collected. Of these, 30 blood samples (7.5%) were found to be hemolyzed and 9 (2.2%) to be recollected. Statistically significant factors affecting on hemolysis and repeated blood sampling included the time of bloods sampling (night), the time of tourniquet application, and too-fast blood draw into the test tube. Conclusion: We recommend that nurses who take the blood sampling to consider the findings of the study and take the related factors into account as they set up the standardized care protocol in order for nursing quality improvement.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2022

Through the 'Discovery of Korean Indigenous Species' project hosted by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), new or unrecorded species of various protozoans inhabiting the Korean Peninsula have been discovered. Samples were collected from marine, freshwater, and soil habitats in South Korea and all species were identified and reviewed by experts working on the respective taxonomic group. This study includes 17 unrecorded Korean protozoan species discovered through this project, which belong to four phyla: Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913, Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998, Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981, and Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. Among them, three families (Rhogostomidae Dumack et al., 2017, Parauronematidae Small and Lynn, 1985, and Cyclidiidae Ehrenberg, 1838) and three genera (Rhogostoma Belar, 1921, Parauronema Thompson, 1967, and Cyclidium Müller, 1773) were reported for the first time in Korea. Unlike the previous paper of 2017, this study provides a comprehensive taxonomic account of each species (e.g., species name, collection site, synonyms, specimen vouchers, diagnoses, and figures). Additionally, all the species were assigned Korean names.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2023

Epidemiological control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is needed to estimate the infection period of confirmed cases and identify potential cases. The present study, targeting confirmed cases for which the time of COVID-19 symptom onset was disclosed, aimed to investigate the relationship between intervals (day) from symptom onset to testing the cycle threshold (CT) values of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the COVID-19 confirmed cases, those for which the date of suspected symptom onset in the epidemiological investigation was specifically disclosed were included in this study. Interval was defined as the number of days from symptom onset (as disclosed by the patient) to specimen collection for testing. A locally weighted regression smoothing (LOWESS) curve was applied, with intervals as explanatory variables and CT values (CTR for RdRp gene and CTE for E gene) as outcome variables. After finding its non-linear relationship, a polynomial regression model was applied to estimate the 95% confidence interval values of CTR and CTE by interval. The application of LOWESS in 331 patients identified a U-shaped curve relationship between the CTR and CTE values according to the number of interval days, and both CTR and CTE satisfied the quadratic model for interval days. Active application of these results to epidemiological investigations would minimize the chance of failing to identify individuals who are in contact with COVID-19 confirmed cases, thereby reducing the potential transmission of the virus to local communities.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2023

Mecysolobini족에 속하는 Sternuchopsis (Sternuchopsis) waltoni (Boheman, 1844) (메꽃통바구미; 신칭) 암컷 1개체를 한반도의 남단인 부산의 가덕도 야산에서 떨어잡기를 통해 채집하였다. 이 바구미가 국내 식물방역법상 검역해충으로 지정되어 있어 침입종 또는 자생종 인지 여부를 판단할 필요가 있으나 현재 작물에 대한 피해가 확인되지 않고 있고, 그 밖의 채집정보도 없어 그 판단은 무리가 있다고 생각된다. 본 연구는 이 바구미에 관한 국내 발생정보를 더 확보하기 위한 정확한 진단정보 및 생태정보를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

Objectives: Oral bacterial samples included subgingival, supragingival, and saliva plaques. As the diversity and number of microorganisms deffer depending on the area of the oral cavity and the method used, an appropriate and reliable collection method is important. The present study investigated oral bacterial sampling methods. Methods: Supragingival dental plaque was collected from the buccal and lingual tooth surfaces of study participants using sterilized cotton swabs. Plaques were collected from the subgingival area using a sterilized curette. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using MagNA Pure 96 DNA and Viral NA low-volume kits. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the PowerCheck^TM Periodontitis Pathogens Multiplex Real-time PCR kit. Results: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum of the orange complex were not observed in the subgingival biofilms of all study participants. For Porphyromonas. gingivalis, a significant correlation was observed between supragingival, subgingival, and total tooth surface biofilms. Compared to the supragingival and subgingival biofilmss, total tooth surface biofilm exhibited the highest bacterial count when the inswabbing method was used. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the supragingival swab method is recommended for oral bacterial research.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2010

호박을 대상으로 새로 개발된 골생검용 바늘의 유용성을 평가하고자 본 실험을 하였으며, 골생검용 바늘은 10 mm 직경의 아크릴 재료를 사용하여 내부가공을 달리 하여 3가지 형태로 제작하였다. 임상에서 사용되는 구조와 유사한 구조로 재현하여(Conventional type, Ct) 실험군과 비교하였다. Type a(Ta)는 바늘의 원위부 1cm 부분에 내부가공을 하였고, Type b(Tb)는 원위부로부터 동일 길이까지 점점 가늘게 제작하였고, Type c(Tc)는 내부에 동일 길이로 나사산을 제작하였다. 호박 표면으로부터 10 mm되는 부분까지의 생검 채취를 목적으로 20회를 시행하였으며, 시술 성공률, 채취된 표본의 길이 등을 측정하여 가장 적절한 생검용 바늘의 구조를 평가하고자 하였다. 그 결과 생검술의 성공률은 각각 Ct는 55%, Ta는 80%, Tb는 90%, Tc는 100%이었으며, 생검된 표본의 양은 Ct는 $5.6{\pm}1.1\;mm$, Ta는 $5.9{\pm}0.87\;mm$, Tb는 $3.9{\pm}0.77\;mm$, Tc는 $9.4{\pm}0.54\;mm$이었다. 그룹별 통계적 유 의성은 Ct와 Ta(p = 0.28)를 제외한 모든 그룹에서 통계적 의미를 가졌다(p < 0.05). 따라서 새로 개발된 골생검용 바늘은 생검술에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료되며, 그중 내부의 나선 가공이된 Tc형의 바늘이 골 생검에 가장 적절한 구조라 예상된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2020

Skeletonema pseudocostatum의 세포는 규산질 성분의 돌기에 의한 사슬 형태로, 길이는 6~17.3 ㎛였고, 엽록체는 세포 당 1~2개를 포함하고 있었다. 주사전자현미경 관찰결과 Skeletonema 종을 구분할 수 있는 가장자리 받침돌기끝(terminal fultoportula process)은 끝이 갈라지거나, 갈고리 모양이었고, 길이가 1.67±0.5 ㎛이고, 개각의 가장자리에 위치해 있으며, 개수는 8.10±1.1개로 개각의 크기에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 말단세포 입술돌기(terminal rimoportula process)는 두꺼운 원통형의 나팔관 모양으로, 개각의 중앙 근처에 위치하였고, 길이는 1.1±0.6 ㎛였으며, 개수는 1개였다. 연결세포 받침돌기(intercalary fultoportula process)는 대부분 1 : 1 결합으로 서로 맞물려 있는 형태였고, 1 : 2 결합도 종종 발견되었다. 계통분석 결과는 형태적 특징이 유사한 종 간의 유전학적 거리가 가깝다는 것을 나타냈고, 지리적 기원이 다른 동일 종의 경우, 유전적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 S. pseudocostatum은 지리적 위치와 상관없이 유전적 차이가 나타나지 않는 단일계통(monophyly)이라는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 대표 암석의 팽윤성을 관찰하고 암석의 풍화와 관련하여 시험법의 활용과 선행 분석의 개선점을 제시하고자 한다. 국내 고속도로 시공현장에서 지반조사를 위해 획득한 시추코어를 대상으로 스웰링시험 및 분석하였다. 연구 시험용 암종의 선정은 암석의 분류기준과 분포면적을 고려하였으며, 화성암은 화강암을 선정하였고 퇴적암은 사암과 이암을 선정하였다. 변성암은 편암과 편마암을 선정하였다. 암석의 흡수팽창지수를 결정하는 방법은 ISRM과 한국암반공학회 표준암석시험법(2005) 중 "암석의 시료채취와 시험편 제작 표준법"에 제안된 방법을 이용하였다. 팽창변위의 측정을 위한 시편은 높이 10cm, 지름 5cm의 원주형 이었다. 이에 수직되는 단면에 대해 흡수팽창변형률을 측정하였으며 단면 방향의 변형률은 팽창 방향의 길이를 보정하였다. 본 연구의 스웰링에 의한 풍화민감도 분석 시험 결과, 최대팽창변위보다 변화율이 암석의 팽윤성 판단에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 기존 스웰링분석법은 팽창변위의 최고점(최대팽창변위)을 이용하여 풍화민감도를 평가하고 있으나 암반등급별 구분이 불명확하므로 침수시간에 따른 팽창변위의 변화율(기울기)을 이용하는 것이 타당하다. 암반등급외 암석의 등방성과 이방성의 구분, 암종별 장축과 단축의 팽창변위(차이)를 활용한 풍화 특성의 판별이 필요하다. 풍화변질과 단층변질을 구분한 실험이 필요하며 이를 위해 선행적으로 구성 광물의 정량 분석이 필요하다. 또한, 화학적 풍화 단계의 팽창변위 분석을 통한 암종별 장기풍화 예측기술이 필요하다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-81
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• 2000

This study examined nursing care in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by reviewing nursing activities for the newborns. Through direct observation, time used for nursing care according to the nursing activity, shift, day of the week, and position of the nurses was measured. This study was done on November 15, 21, 24, 1999 at a university medical center hospital and included eight nurses and 179 newborns as the study subjects. The data were collected from the medical records, and by using a nursing activity record for the NICU, and a nursing activity time record for the NICU. The first step in the data collection process was to develop a list of nursing activities which was done through a literature review, examination of medical affairs and duty records. Content validity was measured by a panel of three professors who were experienced clinicians. In the second step two pre-training sessions were held with three sophomore student nurses who then measured the time for each nursing activity using a stopwatch. The data were analyzed using frequencies for nursing activities, averages, percentages and ANOVA for differences between shift and between days of the week, and percentages and t-test for differences according to position of the nurse. The results are as follows: 1) The total number of activities was 156, direct or indirect nursing activities. Direct nursing activity classified according to physical, educational, emotional/social/economic/spiritual needs. There were 109 direct nursing activities in 16 fields. 2) The order of nursing activities, according to time required, was record keeping, nutritional care, measurement/observation, medication, hygiene care, examination and specimen collection, and checking supplies, and according to frequency, measurement/ examination, record keeping, nutrition care, hygiene care, elimination care and medication. 3) According to shift, direct care during the night shift at 313.4 minutes was the longest time and indirect nursing care during the night shift at 252.2 minutes was the highest time. 4) For days of the week, Monday had the highest time for direct care 275.8 minutes (34.6%) and Wednessday had the highest time for indirect nursing care 269.6 minutes (36.1%). 5) For nursing time according to position of nurse, general nurses had the highest for direct care (330.7 minutes), nurse managers for indirect nursing activities (239.0 minutes) and general nurses for individual private time (63.9 minutes). The results of this study show that the major nursing time consuming activities included record keeping, nutrition care and measurement/examination. For newborns, time needs to be allowed for care to be sensitive, sophisticated and specialized rather than concentrated on indirect nursing tasks such as record keeping. Therefore, it is imperative to develop computerized systems that support a systematic approach to record keeping which is more efficient. Moreover, nursing needs according to shift, day or position of nurse can be utilized in assessing nursing resources through a computerized process.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Urine is a widely used matrix in biomonitoring studies on the assessment of human exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalate esters and bisphenol A (BPA). In addition to the need to apply valid analytical techniques, assurance of specimen integrity during collection and storage is an important prerequisite for the presentation of accurate and precise analytical data. One of the common issues encountered in the analysis of non-persistent contaminants is whether shipping and storage temperature and time since collection have an effect on sample integrity. In this study, we investigated the stability of phthalate metabolites and BPA in spiked and unspiked urine samples stored at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) or at $-80^{\circ}C$ for up to 8 weeks. Concentrations of phthalate metabolites declined, on average, by 3% to 15%, depending on the compounds, and BPA declined by ~30% after 4 weeks of storage of spiked urine samples at $20^{\circ}C$. In a test of 30 unspiked urine samples stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks, the concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA decreased by up to 15% to 44%, depending on the compound and on the samples. It was found that the small reduction in phthalate concentrations observed in urine, varied depending on the samples. In a few urine samples, concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA did not decline even after storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. We found a significant relationship between concentrations of target analytes in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. We estimated the half-lives of phthalate metabolites and BPA in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$. The estimated half-life of monoethyl phthalate (mEP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxyphentyl) phthalate (mECPP) in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was over two years, of mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP) and monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) was approximately one year, and of other phthalate metabolites was approximately 6 months. The estimated half-life of BPA in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was approximately 3 months, which is much longer than that reported for aquatic ecosystems.