• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2006

Landscape structure, habitat types, vegetation structure and biodiversity in the Bokha stream chosen as a reference stream were investigated to get ecological information necessary for restoration of urban stream degraded by excessive artificial interference. Landscape structure showed a slight change between before and after flooding. Habitat types of nine sorts were identified based on ecological information obtained from field survey such as micro-topography, hydrological characteristics, disturbance regime, and so on. Each habitat holds specific organisms to each site. Consequently, the number of plant communities, and species of benthos and fish increased as the kinds of habitat type increase. Ordination of habitat types based on vegetation, benthos, and fish data reorganized them into three groups of pool types of two kinds depending on whether they are connected to the water course or not and riffle one. Vegetation showed different stratification and species composition depending on topographical position in relation to disturbance cycle. Based on the results from this study, relationship between environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity was discussed and a restoration plan was suggested in a viewpoint of vegetation.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2020

Currently, urban mobility is rather two-dimensional: Connections between transportation solutions like elevators, escalators, moving walks, and metro stations are static. In the future, urban mobility will require a holistic view: Seamless transportation, enabled by innovative IoT technology, is a necessity. A dialogue between the city, its buildings and transportation systems, considering the specific needs and preferences of each and every citizen, must be adopted. Travelling through the city will become a lot more individualized, interactive and customized to specific requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation of Rhododendron mucronulatum habitat in Mt. Biseul to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics and management methods. The survey was carried out from May to July, 2011 and totally 46 vegetation data including 42 families 93 genera 108 species 16 varieties and 5 forma were collected and analyzed. Among the investigated 129 taxa, the numbers of rare plant resources were summarized as 19 taxa; The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service, the specific plants by floristic region and the endemic plants were listed as 3 taxa, 15 taxa and 4 taxa, respectively. Rhododendron mucronulatum habitat of Mt. Biseul was classified into 3 plant communities (Carex lanceolata-Rhododendron mucronulatum community, Potentilla dickinsii-Selaginella rossii community, Carex lanceolata-Quercus mongolica community). Carex lanceolata-Rhododendron mucronulatum community was subdivided into Tripterygium regelii subunit and Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens subunit by human interference degree. And synecology, syndynamics, synchorology of these plant communities were identified, and Site-species ordination analysis by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) reflected that human impact, soil moisture condition were main ecological factors determining the distribution pattern of classified plant communities. Therefore these plant communities correspond to quite distinctive 4 habitat types : unstable-dry type=Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens subunit, unstable-moderate type=Tripterygium regelii subunit, stable-dry type=Potentilla dickinsii-Selaginella rossii community, stable-moderate type=Carex lanceolata-Quercus mongolica community. Finally, through the vegetational diagnosis, proper management methods such as a limit on the access of visitors, planting of native woody plants after removing unwanted vines or grass were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2013

History of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) Following the large reservoir and water development era of the mid-twentieth century in North America, resource agencies became concerned over the loss of many miles of riverine fish and wildlife resources in the arid western United States. Consequently, several western states began issuing rules for protecting existing stream resources from future depletions caused by accelerated water development. Many assessment methods appeared during the 1960's and early 1970's. These techniques were based on hydrologic analysis of the water supply and hydraulic considerations of critical stream channel segments, coupled with empirical observations of habitat quality and an understanding of riverine fish ecology. Following enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970, attention was shifted from minimum flows to the evaluation of alternative designs and operations of federally funded water projects. Methods capable of quantifying the effect of incremental changes in stream flow to evaluate a series of possible alternative development schemes were needed. This need led to the development of habitat versus discharge functions developed from life stage-specific relations for selected species, that is, fish passage, spawning, and rearing habitat versus flow for trout or salmon. During the late 1970's and early 1980's, an era of small hydropower development began. Hundreds of proposed hydropower sites in the Pacific Northwest and New England regions of the United States came under intensive examination by state and federal fishery management interests. During this transition period from evaluating large federal reservoirs to evaluating license applications for small hydropower, the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) was developed under the guidance of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2B
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• pp.153-160
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• 2006

To recommend ecological flow for major tributaries in Han River basin, the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) have been applied. In particular physical habitat simulation using PHABSIM have been selected for microhabitat variables and QUAL2E model have been used to implement macrohabitat simulation. Habitat Suitability Criteria (HSC) for different life stages in accordance with different hydraulic variables (depth and velocity) have been presented by the field surveying data. We review IFIM procedures and discuss limitations of habitat simulation with specific reference to Han River basin. The results of this research can be used as reference flow for estimation of instream flow in Han River.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2021

We reviewed the methods employed in Korean tidal flat surveys to measure the local abundance of the endangered wildlife and marine protected species, the fiddler crab, Austruca lactea. A complete census for infinite population is impossible even in a limited habitat within a tidal flat, and density estimates from samples strongly vary due to diverse biological and ecological factors. The habitat boundaries and areas shift with periodicities or rhythmic activities of organisms as well as measurement errors. Hence the local abundance calculated from density and habitat areas should be regarded as transient. This conjecture was valid based on the spatio-temporal variations of the density averages, standard error ranges, and spatial distribution of the crab, A. lactea observed for 3 years (2015-2017) in Songdo tidal flat in Incheon. We proposed the potential habitat areas using the occurrence probability of 50% from logistic regression model, reflecting the importance of habitat conservation value as an alternative to local abundance. The spatial shape of potential habitat predicted from a generalized model would remain constant over time unless the species' critical environmental conditions change rapidly. The species-specific model is expected to be used for the introduction of desired species in future habitat restoration/creation projects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2021

Countries around the world, including the Republic of Korea, are participating in efforts to preserve biodiversity. Concerning species, in particular, studies that aim to find potential habitats and establish conservation plans by conducting habitat suitability analysis for specific species are actively ongoing. However, few studies on mid- to long-term changes in suitable habitat areas are based on accumulated information. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the time-series changes in the habitat suitable area and examine the otters' changing pattern (Lutra lutra) designated as Level 1 endangered wildlife in Gangwon-do. The time-series change analysis used the data on otter species' presence points from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th national natural environment surveys conducted for about 20 years. Moreover, it utilized the land cover map consistent with the survey period to create environmental variables to reflect each survey period's habitat environment. The suitable habitat area analysis used the MaxEnt model that can run based only on the species presence information, and it has been proven to be reliable by previous studies. The study derived the habitat suitability map for otters in each survey period, and it showed a tendency that habitats were distributed around rivers. Comparing the response curves of the environmental variables derived from the modeling identified the characteristics of the habitat favored by otters. The examination of habitats' change by survey period showed that the habitats based on the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey had the widest distribution. The habitats of the 3rd and 4th surveys showed a tendency of decrease in area. Moreover, the study aggregated the analysis results of the three survey periods and analyzed and categorized the habitat's changing pattern. The type of change proposed different conservation plans, such as field surveys, monitoring, protected area establishment, and restoration plan. This study is significant because it produced a comprehensive analysis map that showed the time-series changes of the location and area of the otter habitat and proposed a conservation plan that is necessary according to the type of habitat change by region. We believe that the method proposed in this study and its results can be used as reference data for establishing a habitat conservation and management plan in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

Effect of electric pulse stimulation was tested on the fruit body formation of valuable mushroom Tricholoma matsutake in the field of natural habitat of this mushroom. After applying the electric stimulator to the specific area of pine forest we found that the treatment especially stimulated the fructification of T. matsutake. And the most valuable findings of our study was that only our treatment plots showed fruit body formation whereas the control plots and the whole natural habitats of our study area showed zero production of this mushroom during the same time. From the point of view of mushroom production, our experiment shows that fruit body production can be upgraded by using pulsed power as an electrical stimulation in the field of the natural habitat of this mushroom. These findings from our experiment confirm the effectiveness of the significance of pulsed power technology for the improvement of T. matsutake fruit body production in the natural habit of this mushroom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

Most of Korean farms have been developed in the semi-closed bay, and its position is very vulnerable to the coastal contamination due to the long term and the high density. So, mariculture management is very essential for the sustainable aquaculture. Some of the specific ways would be the assessment of the optimal stocking density for mariculture management zone and this has to consider both the suitable site selection and the assessment of ecological carrying capacity. Habitat suitability index(0.0 totally unsuitable habitat, 1.0 optimum habitat) and ecological indicator(Filtration pressure indicator) was used to assess the stocking density for oyster farms in Geoje-Hansan Bay. Geoje Bay showed the higher habitat suitability index value 0.75 than Hansan Bay 0.53, indicating that Geoje Bay is more suitable for oyster farming. Ecological indicator showed different stocking density according to the coastal characteristics in Geoje-Hansan Bay. Consequently, it is desirable that the stocking density in Geoje Bay should reduce average 40% and Hansan Bay, average 60% than present, in order to meet the ecological carrying capacity. The assessment of the stocking density could solve various problems such as the coastal contamination, environmental aggravation and the productivity decrease and this study could be a scientific basis to establish the policies for mariculture management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

The forest management paradigm has recently shifted from focusing on commercial production to focusing on ecosystem management. Accordingly, a natural seedling regeneration method that has a naturally high affinity has attracted much attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among various environmental factors, lower stratum vegetation, and seedling regeneration in Pinus densiflora forests. The survey site comprised 50 sectors divided using the line transect method, and the survey data were divided into those from wet habitat (19 sites) and dry habitat (31 sites), depending on the soil humidity, and were analyzed separately to show the close relationship between soil humidity and natural seedling regeneration. As a result, the dry habitat exhibited high seedling density (157,419 trees/ha), with the main species being Quercus serrata, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Smilax china, and Pueraria lobata, while wet habitat exhibited low seedling density (57,895 trees/ha), with the main species being Stephanandra incisa, Castanea crenata, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lysimachia barystachys, Aralia elata, and Styrax japonicus. The height and root-collar diameter under wet conditions exhibited faster growth than those under dry conditions. Height growth by the root-collar diameter in dry habitat increased faster than that in wet habitat. It was also confirmed that seedling regeneration in wet habitat exhibited a rapid growth pattern 5 years after germination. These results suggest that the seedlings begin to grow more rapidly after a period of suppression by competition with surrounding plants. Considering an ecosystem or ecological management approach, specific practices, such as bush control and vine clearing in wet habitats, should be more intensively conducted, especially at the beginning of the management operations.