• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2004

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of premixing condition on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a HCCI diesel engine. To from homogeneous charge before intake manifold, the premixed gasoline fuel is injected into a premixed tank by fuel injection system and the premixed gasoline fuel is ignited by direct injected diesel fuel. Experimental result shows the NOx and soot emissions are decreased linearly with the increase of premixed ratio. In the case of intake air temperature $20^{\circ}C$ with light load, the specific fuel consumptions are increased with the rise of premixed ratio and HC and CO emissions are also increased. But the intake air heating can improve the specific fuel consumption at light load condition because increased air temperature promotes the combustion of premixed mixture. In the case of high intake air temperature with high load condition, premixed fuel is auto-ignited before diesel combustion and soot emission is increased.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

Ni-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and thermally treated at various temperature. The electrochemical performance of composites was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among all prepared composites, the samples annealed at $250^{\circ}C$ showed the highest capacitance with a low resistance, and high cycle stability. It was possible to obtain the low electrical resistance and high electric conductivity of the electrode by improved microstructure and morphology after the thermal annealing at $250^{\circ}C$. The samples annealed at $250^{\circ}C$ also displayed the maximum specific capacitance with a value of $953Fg^{-1}$ at a current density of $0.66A/g^{-1}$ in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Moreover, a 86.4% of the initial specific capacitance of the composite was maintained after 3,000 times charge-discharge cycle tests. Based on these properties, it can be concluded that the composite could be applied as potential supercapacitor electrode materials.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

구조물의 노후화와 기능성 상실에 따른 해체 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 다양한 해체 기술이 개발되어왔다. 대규모 기초콘크리트의 경우에는 구조적 특성에 의한 일부 기계식 해체공법의 적용에 제한이 있으며, 지반진동에 의한 주변 환경의 영향으로 최근에는 발파해체공법을 적용하거나 발파해체와 기계식 해체를 혼합한 공법을 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기초콘크리트 발파해체 설계 시 비장약량과 입지상수, 감쇄지수와의 관계식, 콘크리트의 평균 파쇄도와 비장약량과의 관계식을 통해 평균 파쇄도와 지반진동속도를 비교하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1175-1180
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• 2006

Si-C composites were prepared by the carbonization of polyaniline (PAn) coated on silicone powder. The physical and electrochemical properties of the Si-C composites were characterized by particle-size analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and battery electrochemical tests. The average particle size of Si was increased by the coating of Pan but somewhat reduced by the carbonization to give silicone-carbon composites. The co-existence of crystalline silicone and amorphous-like carbon was confirmed by XRD analyses. SEM photos showed that the silicone particles were well covered with carbonaceous materials, depending on the PAn content. Si-C$\mid$Li cells were fabricated using the Si-C composites and tested using galvanostatic charge-discharge. Si-C$\mid$Li cells gave better electrochemical properties than Si|Li cells. Si-C$\mid$Li cells using Si-C from HCl-undoped precursor PAn showed better electrochemical properties than precursor PAn doped in HCl. The addition of an electrolyte containing 4-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) increased the initial discharge capacity. Also, another electrochemical test, the galvanostatic charge-discharge test with GISOC (gradual increasing of the state of charge) was carried out. Si-C(Si:PAn = 50:50 wt. ratio)|Li cell showed 414 mAh/g of reversible specific capacity, 75.7% of IIE (initial intercalation efficiency), 35.4 mAh/g of IICs (surface irreversible specific capacity).

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 지하 이상체와 배경매질의 전기전도도 대비가 큰 경우 측정 겉보기비저항이 일정한 값에 수렴하는 전류포화현상에 대하여 이론적 고찰을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 몇 가지 간단한 지하구조 모형에 대한 이론해를 통하여 표면전하의 거동을 살펴보았으며, 이들 표면전하가 전류포화를 일으키는 원인 및 겉보기비저항에 미치는 영향을 고찰 하였다. 결과적으로 전기비저항 탐사에서 측정하는 겉보기비저항 이상의 크기는 포화현상에 따라 일정값에 수렴하게 됨을 확인하였으며, 실제 겉보기비저항 이상의 크기는 이상체가 완전도체 혹은 부도체일 경우보다 작다는 것을 입증하였다. 또한 대개 전기전도도 대비가 100배 이상이 될 경우, 전류포화현상이 발생하는 것으로 해석된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.515-530
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• 2022

Sequence type (ST) 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II (ST5-MRSA-II) and ST72-MRSA-IV represent the most significant genotypes for healthcare- (HA) and community-associated (CA) MRSA in Korea, respectively. In addition to the human-type MRSA strains, the prevalence of livestock-associated (LA) MRSA clonal lineages, such as ST541 and ST398 LA-MRSA-V in pigs and ST692 LA-MRSA-V and ST188 LA-MRSA-IV in chickens, has recently been found. In this study, clonotype-specific resistance profiles to cathelicidins derived from humans (LL-37), pigs (PMAP-36), and chickens (CATH-2) were examined using six different ST groups of MRSA strains: ST5 HA-MRSA-II, ST72 CA-MRSA-IV, ST398 LA-MRSA-V, ST541 LA-MRSA-V, ST188 LA-MRSA-IV, and ST692 LA-MRSA-V. Phenotypic characteristics often involved in cathelicidin resistance, such as net surface positive charge, carotenoid production, and hydrogen peroxide susceptibility were also determined in the MRSA strains. Human- and animal-type MRSA strains exhibited clonotype-specific resistance profiles to LL-37, PMAP-36, or CATH-2, indicating the potential role of cathelicidin resistance in the adaptation and colonization of human and animal hosts. The ST5 HA-MRSA isolates showed enhanced resistance to all three cathelicidins and hydrogen peroxide than ST72 CA-MRSA isolates by implementing increased surface positive charge and carotenoid production. In contrast, LA-MRSA strains employed mechanisms independent of surface charge regulation and carotenoid production for cathelicidin resistance. These results suggest that human- and livestock-derived MRSA strains use different strategies to counteract the bactericidal action of cathelicidins during the colonization of their respective host species.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2013

개발부담금 제도는 1989년 개발이익을 환수하기 위해 도입되었으나 현재까지 20여차례 개정되는 등 많은 변화를 겪었다. 이처럼 빈번한 개정이 이루어진 주요한 이유는 개발부담금 부과를 위한 개발비용에 대한 정의 및 산정이 복잡하고 불분명하여 관련 주체 간 갈등이 발생하였기 때문으로 이를 최소화할 수 있는 개발비용 산정방식의 간소화가 시급히 필요하다. 본 연구는 최근 "개발이익환수에 관한 법률" 개정에 따라 일정면적 이하 사업에 대해 단위면적당 표준비용을 적용함에 있어 합리적이고 객관적인 적용방안 도출을 위해 다양한 지역별 사업유형별 적용방안의 차이를 통계적으로 검증하고 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 분석자료로는 최근 3개년간 전국 시군구에서 부과한 개발부담금 및 개발비용 관련 전수조사 자료 9,362건을 활용하였다. 분석결과 수도권/비수도권별로 구분하는 방식이 유의미한 차이를 발생하였고 집단 간 구분도 명확하게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 개발부담금 제도를 합리적으로 개편하여 사회갈등을 최소화시키면서도 토지공개념 실현에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2011

The electrochemical performances of an asymmetric hybrid capacitor were investigated using $LiFePO_4$ as the positive electrode and active carbon fibers(ACF) as the negative electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of a nonaqueous hybrid capacitor were characterized by constant current charge/discharge test. The specific capacitance using $LiFePO_4$/ACF electrode turned out to be $0.87F/cm^2$ and the unit cell showed excellent cycling performance. This hybrid capacitor was able to deliver a specific energy as high as 178 Wh/kg at a specific power of 1,068 W/kg.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.853-863
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• 2020

As the battery ages, the internal resistance of the battery increases, so the loss due to the internal resistance increases at the same charging current, causing the battery temperature to rise, which further accelerates battery aging. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the charging conditions according to the aging of the battery or the current charge amount, and to accurately estimate this, estimation of the parameters of the equivalent circuit is most important. This paper proposes a new measurement technique that can measure the internal resistance of a battery by analyzing a specific high frequency voltage and current applied to the battery. In addition, in order to test the validity of the proposed measurement technique, the current charging amount was estimated based on the measured internal resistance, and the terminal voltage of the constant current charging mode was automatically set and operated. As a result, good results were obtained regardless of the battery voltage. If this equipment is installed in the charging device, it is believed that it will be of great help in the stability management of the aging reusable battery.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2011

Lithium batteries are widely used in mobile electronic devices due to their higher voltage and energy density, lighter weight and longer life cycle when compared to other secondary batteries. In particular, a high demand for lithium batteries is expected for electric cars. In the case of the lithium batteries used in electric cars, driving distance must be calculated accurately and discharging should not be done below a level that makes it impossible to crank. Therefore, accurate information on the state-of-charge (SOC) becomes an essential element for reliable driving. In this paper, a novel method for estimating the SOC of lithium polymer batteries using AC impedance is proposed. In the proposed method, the parameters are extracted by fitting the measured impedance spectrum on an equivalent impedance model and the variation in the parameter values at each SOC is used to estimate the SOC. Also to shorten the long length of time required for the measurement of the impedance spectrum, a novel method is proposed that can extract the equivalent impedance model parameters of lithium polymer batteries with the impedance measured at only two specific frequencies. Experiments are conducted on lithium polymer batteries, with similar capacities, made by different manufacturers to prove the validity of the proposed method.