• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.608-618
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• 2004

Since polyelectrolytes have been used as conditioners, conventionally only a single polyelectrolyte has been added for sludge conditioning. However, the amount of polyelectrolyte needed for optimal conditioning of sludge is very critical. Overdosing reduces the sludge dewaterbility. In this experimental study, sludge conditioning with single or dual polyelectrolyte was conducted to avoid problems associated with overdosing. Single polyelectrolyte conditioning was conducted by one of cationic, nonionic, and anionic polyelectrolytes. The dual polyelectrolyte conditioning was performed by adding one polyelectrolyte and another one in sequence. The dewaterbility of sludges were measured by SRF(specific resistance to filtration), TTF(time to filter), CST(capillary suction time) respectively. Additionally, parameters such as turbidity, zeta potential, viscosity of conditioned sludges or supematant were measured to evaluate the changed characteristics of sludge by addition of polyelectrolytes. From the experiment results, it was concluded that single polyelectrolyte conditioning had a high probability of overdosing, whereas dual polyelectrolyte conditioning resulted in a better dewaterbility and less chance of overdosing. But, it was also found that dosing sequence in dual conditioning was very important according to the characteristics of sludge. Parameters such as viscosity, turbidity, zeta potential were found to be useful as a means of evaluating sludge dewaterbility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of improving dewaterability and settleability of sewage sludge using coagulation sludge. When mixed with sewage sludge and coagulation sludge at 1:1 ratio, capillary suction time(CST) and specific resistance to filtration(SRF) decreased by about 56% and 68%, respectively. It is found that total solids(TS) and volatile solids(VS) of mixing sludge are increased by about 59% and 53%, respectively. Also, the turbidity of the mixing sludge supernatant was reduced from 99 to 16 NTU. It is observed that the mixing of sewage sludge and coagulation sludge at 1:1 showed better effect than using poly-aluminum chloride(PAC) coagulant at 25 mg/L.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.467-473
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• 2011

Objectives: Wastewater treatment plants typically produce a large volume of waste sludge. In this study, the conditioning and dewatering properties of a digested and thickened sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant were investigated in order to improve the dewaterbility of the sludge. Methods: Jar-tests and Buchner funnel tests were carried out to assess the conditioning and dewatering properties of a waste sludge. TTF (Time to Filter Test) and SRF (Specific Resistance to Filtration) were adopted as the indices of sludge dewaterbility. Results: The valuation indices influencing the dewaterbility of the waste sludge, including TTF, SRF, water contents, VS/TS ratio and turbidity, were measured. The TTF and SRF of the digested and thickened sludge were decreased to 40 sec, $3.43{\times}10^{12}$ m/kg, and 39 sec, $1.09{\times}10^{12}$ m/kg, respectively. Conclusions: The conditioner composed of natural inorganic materials turned out to be effective in the reduction of sludge water contents.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

A pilot-scale hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for real municipal wastewater treatment was developed by adding biofilm carriers into a conventional membrane bioreactor, distribution and dynamic changes of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in membrane fouling were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of loosely bond EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bond EPS (TB-EPS) in activated sludge, carrier biofilm and sludge cake layer have been increased significantly with the running time of HMBR, during operation of the HMBR, EPS demonstrated positive correlations with membrane fouling. Compared to TB-EPS, LB-EPS showed more significant correlations with sludge physical properties and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) in HMBR, and thus demonstrated that LP-EPS have a stronger potential of fouling than TB-EPS. It was also found that a lower organic loading in HMBR could result a significant increase in EPS concentration, which would in turn influence membrane fouling in HMBR. This critical investigation would contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior, composition and fouling potential of EPS in HMBR operation.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

Dewatering is an extremely important step in wastewater treatment process to reduce the final sludge volume in order to minimize the cost of sludge transportation and disposal. In the present study, the effect of different sludge solids content (1, 2 and 3.8%) on the dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans was studied. The pH reduction rate was higher during initial process in the sludge having low solids content, but after 48 h of bioleaching, similar pH of below 3 was observed with all the different solids content. Bio-oxidation rate of $Fe^{2+}$ was initially higher in sludge with low solids content, but 100% $Fe^{2+}$ was oxidized within 60 h in all the three treatment levels. Compared to the control, specific resistance to filtration was reduced by 75, 78 and 80% in the sludge with a solids content of 1, 2 and 3.8% respectively, showing improvement in dewaterability with an increase in sludge solids content. Sludge effluent quality and sludge settling rate were also improved in treatments with higher solids content after the bioleaching process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-96
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• 1995

The dewatering characteristics of the sewage sludge was investigated through the experimental observations and model simulations. The activated sludge and the anaerobically digested sludge were examined for the dewaterability evaluation within the pressure range of $0{\sim}10^6N/m^2$. Modified Buchner funnel test and compression test by the consolidometer were conducted to evaluate average specific resistance, porosity, and moisture percentage of filter cake. Shirato's technique of compression-permeability test was followed for the pressure range lower than about $10^2N/m^2$. The flocculation effects on sludge dewatering was also examined for ferric chloride and polymeric flocculant. The application of hydrated lime which can be used for flue-gas desulfurization showed improved moisture percentage, and was thought to have positive feasibility in combined system of sludge dewatering and incineration. Determined characteristic constants were applied to Tiller's cake filtration model to simulate liquid pressure distribution and porosity distribution in cake. Model simulations showed a sharp drop of the porosity close to the cake-medium interface for the highly compressible material such as the activated sludge and the anaerobically digested sludge.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2011

Membrane bio-reactor (MBR) has several advantages over the conventional activated sludge process, including a high biomass, low sludge production, and better permeate quality. Therefore, the MBR have gained popularity for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. However the MBR usually were used for sewage and low streng th wastewater treatment because of membrane fouling problem and limitation of oxygen transfer into biomass. In this study, the hybrid process combining MBR and pure oxygen was tested for high strength organic wastewater treatment in the COD loading range from 2 to $10kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}day$. The hybrid process, membrane coupled pure oxygen high compact reactor (MPHCR), had been operated for one year and operation parameters, the effect of COD loading, MLSS concentration and the location of membrane module were studied for membrane fouling characteristic. Also membrane resistance test and the component of foulant was analyzed to investigate what is specific foulant in the MBR.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

In this study, we found that dewatering properties were related with physico-chemical properties such as sludge concentration, pH, and zeta potential with sewage sludge, Ionic contents in digested sludge were in the order of $Ca^{2+}$ (14.2 mg/g) > $Mg^{2+}$ (1.9 mg/g) > $Na^+$ (1.4 mg/g) > $K^+$ (1.0 mg/g). Divalent ion more than monovalent have influenced on physico-chemical and dewatering properties. Floc size distribution in activated (AS) and digested sludge (DS) increased on lower pH range to be near isoelectric point and than specific resistance to filtration (SRF) decreased. A linear increase in SRF ($5.25\times10^{13}\sim2.86\times10^{14}$ m/kg in AS and $6.89\times10^{14}\sim1.09\times10^{15}$ m/kg in DS) was observed throughout low concentration range of 1230~9960 mg/L in AS and 2700~5400 mg/L in DS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.743-748
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• 2009

Chemical sludge conditioning is widely used to improve the dewatering efficiency. It is treated with commonly used conditioners, and then thickened and dewatered with a mechanical device. This paper aims to examine the flotation and thickening efficiencies of sewage sludge for conditioning conditions, such as unaerobic storage time, kinds of coagulant and dosages, and flotation conditions, such as sludge concentration and A/S ratio, using an dissolved air flotation apparatus. Experimental results showed that the specific surface area and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were significantly increased and the flotation and thickening efficiencies were decreased with anaerobic storage time. However, the flotation and thickening efficiencies faintly decreased in sewage sludges conditioned as $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, $Fe_2(SO_4)_3$, and PSO-M. Flotation and thickening efficiencies in conditioned sewage sludge could be sustained up to 96% at A/S ratio of 0.01 mL/mg or over.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2021

The ballasted flocculation effects of the mill scale and magnetite on activated sludge were investigated. Both ballasted flocculants (BF) could remarkably improve the sludge settleability in terms of zone settling velocity (ZSV) and sludge volume index (SVI). With the BF dosage of 0.2 to 2.0 g-BF/g-SS, the magnetite particles showed better efficiency on improving settling behavior of activated sludge than the mill scale due to higher surface area and hydrophobic property. The efficiency of SVI₃₀ with magnetite injection was 2.5 to 11.3% higher than mill scale injection and that of the ZSV appreciated from 23.7% to 44.4% for magnetite injection. Averaged floc size of the BF sludge with magnetite dosage (0.5 g-BF/g-SS) was 2.3 times higher than that of the control sludge. Dewaterability of the sludge was also greatly improved by addition of the BF. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was reduced exponentially with increasing the dosage of BF. However, the BF's particle size effect on the SRF looks to be marginal. Consequently, for improving the dewaterability, the BF played a physical role to remove the pore water of the biological flocs by intrusive attachment and a chemical role to induce aggregation of the flocs by charge neutralization.