• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 1998

Characteristic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence from thalli of red alga, Porphyra, under high salt stress and during subsequent recovery were investigated, and the differences in the sensitivity to the stress among four species of Porphyra with different intertidal distributions were compared. By the treatment of NaCl with $9\%$ or higher concentrations, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased in a biphasic pattern: a rapid decrease was observed within 1­3 h and followed by a slow decline. The decrease of Fv/Fm was mainly due to the increase of Fo without significant increases of Fm. When the thalli treated with $15\%$ NaCl for 6 h were returned to natural sea water for recovery, the increase of Fv/Fm also showed a biphasic pattern: a rapid increase of Fv/Fm was observed within 2 h and followed by a slow increase. Differences in the sensitivity to salt stress among the four species could be found during recovery after the treatment of severe salt stress. After the treatment of $20\%$ NaCl for 6 h, Fv/Fm decreased below 0.3 in all of the four Porphyra species, and the species living in upper parts of the intertidal zone (P. suborbiculata and P. pseudolinearis) could recover better compared with the species in lower parts of the intertidal zone (P. seriata and P. yezoensis), during recovery for 24 h. The species collected from the coast of the South Sea seemed to be more tolerant than those in the East Sea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 $20m{\times}20m$ sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two Porphyra species, P. tenera and P. dentate from Wando located on the southern coast of Korean peninsula was amplified by PCR reaction. The amplified products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) with decamer primer and stained with ethidium bromide. The eight arbitrarily selected primers OPA-04, OPA-06, OPB-01, OPB-08, OPB-10, OPB-11, OPB-14 and OPC-10 generated the shared loci, polymorphic, and specific loci. The size of DNA bands varies from 100 bp to 2,200 bp. The complexity of the banding patterns varies dramatically between the primers and two Porphyra species. A total of 528 loci observed were identified in P. tenera and 443 in P. dentata: 22 polymorphic loci (4.2%) in P. tenera and 30 (6.8%) in P. dentata. 154 shared loci observed, the average 19.3 per primer, were identified in P. tenera and 143 loci, the aver-age 17.9 per primer, in P. dentata species. The number of specific loci in P. tenera and P. dentata was 73 and 77, respectively. The average bandsharing value was $0.623{\pm}0.008$ with P. tenera and $0.560{\pm}0.009$ within P. dentata. The average bandsharing value between two Porphyra species was $0.408{\pm}0.004$, ranged from 0.305 to 0.564. The dendrogram obtained by the eight primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance between two Porphyra species ranged from 0.076 to 0.627. The individual no. 02 of P. tenera was genetically closely related to no. 01 of P. tenera(genetic distance=0.082). Especially, two entities between the individual DENTATA no.21 and DENTATA no. 19 of P. dentata showed the longest genetic distance (0.627) in comparison with other individuals used. In this study, RAPD-PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance between two Porphyra species pairs (P<0.001).

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2005

Molecular identification techniques are used where morphological characters are not useful for distinguishing species that resemble each other closely. The example studied here is the Adoxophyes species complex, in which A. orana (Fischer von $R{\ddot{o}}sslerstamm$) is officially the only known Korean species in the genus Adoxophyes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). However there have been suspicions that at least two types of A. orana exist in Korea based on the distribution and range of the host, with A. orana attacking apples and peaches, and another Adoxophyes sp. attacking tea and pears. The latter is presumed to be A. honmai (Yasuda), but the two have remained confused because of their extreme morphological similarity, despite several Asian studies of pheromonal and morphological characteristics. To confirm the occurrence of an Adoxophyes species other than A. orana in Korea, we compared 940 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene from 16 samples of Adoxophyes and found that there is a second Adoxophyes species different from A. orana. Comparison of the different sequences to that of Japanese A. honmai confirmed that they belong to the latter. From the sequence difference between the two Korean species, we were able to develop new PCR primer sets that distinguish them. This molecular identification technique with no enzyme digestion or sequencing step is a convenient and rapid way of differentiating between species that are hard to distinguish morphologically.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

This study was conducted to understand the distribution and changes of macrobenthos on rocky intertidal areas around Taean thermoelectric power plant, Also, the purpose of this study was to produce a base-line data on the changes in water temperature due to the operation of the power plant and to understand its thermal impact on the macrobenthic community on intertidal rocky bottoms. A field survey was seasonally conducted at 3 rocky intertidal sites around the Taean thermal power plant. There was no seasonal difference in the community parameters such as number of species, mean density, biomass and species diversity during the study period. The major dominant species were Chthamalus challenger, Littorina brevicula, Crassostrea gigas. In comparison with previous study, thermal discharge in the study area did not significantly affect the distribution of dominant species. The structure of the macrobenthic community revealed that there were showed 3 different faunal groups depending on the difference in the mean density of major dominant species. The result of SIMPER analyses to determine which species were the main contributors to the differences between each community, C. challenger, Lottia spp. And Mytilus galloprovincialis, etc., revealed that there was showed a significant difference between each group. The abundance of M. galloprovincialis, showed a significant difference between faunal groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2005

The change of fish community in the Wonju-stream was investigated from May to November, 2004. During the period,24 species belonging to 6 families were collected. There were 10 Korean endemic species$(41.7\%)$, including Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Coreoleuciscus spiendidus, Squalidus gracitis majimae, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, Iksookimia koreensis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Liobagus andersoni and Odontobutis interrupts. The dominant species was Zacco Platypus$(54.7\%)$, and the subdominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus$(16.7\%)$. Also, Carassius auratus$(5.4\%)$, I. koreensis$(3.4\%)$, Orthrias toni$(3.3\%)$, and Pungtungia herzi$(3.0\%)$ appeared. According to the fish species compositions, the fish community was divided into 2 groups by an unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages(UPGMA). The comparison of the fish community showed that benthic fish species were decreased, while, the number of water-column species, resistant 1,o substrate changes and water pollution were increased.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

Background: Over the years, pine pollens have been excluded as an allergen due to its relatively large size, low protein content, and waxy hydrophobic layer, despite their abundance. However, recent studies suggest the possibilities of pine pollens being allergens, and it has been reported that allergy symptoms were highly prevalent in areas with considerably large pine forests and high possibility of exposure to the pollen. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis of the allergenicities of the pollens from the dominant species of Korean pines, red pine (Pinus densiflora), black pine (Pinus thunbergii), and pitch pine (Pinus rigida), in mice. Methods: The protein composition of the pollens from the three pine species was compared via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pine pollens and proteins extracted from the pollens were introduced to BALB/c mice by nasal inhalation and application to exposed skin and the IgE produced by the mice were extracted from blood and analyzed via ELISA. Results: SDS-PAGE showed differing protein compositions of the pollens of the three pine species. Analysis of blood IgE compositions showed a similar amount of IgE produced when pollens were applied to skin. In contrast, when mice inhaled the pollens, P. densiflora was shown to induce significantly more IgE production than those of the other two species. Conclusions: The experimental results demonstrate that the pollens of all three South Korean pine species induce IgE production, and this production was more pronounced when the pollens were inhaled than when they were applied to the skin. Of the three species, the pollen of P. densiflora was found to induce the highest level of IgE production.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

Objectives : Pinelliae Tuber has been used as a typical unauthentic herbal medicines. Due to the morphological similarity between Pinelliae Tuber and adulterants, the correct authentication is very difficult. Therefore, we introduced DNA barcode to establish a powerful tool for the authentication of Pinelliae Tuner from adulterants. Methods : To obtain DNA barcode regions, genomic DNA was extracted from nineteen specimens of Pinellia ternata, Pinellia pedatisecta, Pinellia tripartita, and Typhonium flagelliforme, and matK and rbcL genes were amplified. For identification of species specific sequences and analysis phylogenetic relationship, a comparative analysis were performed by the ClastalW and UPGMA based on entire sequences of matK and rbcL genes, respectively. Results : In comparison of two DNA barcode sequences, we elucidated the phylogenetic relationship showing distinct four groups depending on species and identified 40 and 20 species specific nucleotides enough to distinguish each species from matK and rbcL gene, respectively. The sequence differences at the corresponding positions were avaliable genetic marker nulceotides to discriminate the correct species among analyzed four species. These results indicated that phylogentic and comparative analysis of matK and rbcL genes are useful genetic markers to authenticate Pinelliae Tubers. Conclusions : The marker nucleotides enough to distinguish P. ternata, P. tripatrita, P. peditisecta, and T. flagelliform, were observed at 40 positions in matK gene and 20 positions in rbcL gene sequence, respectively. These differences can be used to authenticate Pinelliae Tuber from adulterants as well as discriminate each four species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.168-176
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• 2023

Background: Many insectivorous bats have flexible diets, and the difference in prey item consumption among species is one of the key mechanisms that allows for the avoidance of interspecies competition and promotes coexistence within a microhabitat. In Korea, of the 24 bat species that are known to be distributed, eight insectivorous bats use forest areas as both roosting and foraging sites. Here, we aimed to understand the resource partitioning and coexistence strategies between two bat species, Myotis ikonnikovi and Plecotus ognevi, cohabiting the Mt. Jumbong forests, by comparing the differences in dietary consumption based on habitat utilization. Results: Upon examining their dietary composition using the DNA meta-barcoding approach, we identified 403 prey items (amplicon sequence variants). A greater prey diversity including Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera, was detected from M. ikonnikovi, whereas most prey items identified from P. ognevi belonged to Lepidoptera. The diversity index of prey items was higher for M. ikonnikovi (H': 5.67, D: 0.995) than that for P. ognevi (H': 4.31, D: 0.985). Pianka's index value was 0.207, indicating little overlap in the dietary composition of these bat species. Our results suggest that M. ikonnikovi has a wider diet composition than P. ognevi. Conclusions: Based on the dietary analysis results, our results suggests the possibility of differences in foraging site preferences or microhabitat utilization between two bat species cohabiting the Mt. Jumbong. In addition, these differences may represent one of the important mechanism in reducing interspecific competition and enabling coexistence between the two bat species. We expected that our results will be valuable for understanding resource partitioning and the coexistence of bats inhabiting the Korean forests.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2000

The 185 ribosomal RNA gene (185 rDNA) of the marine alga Porphyra sp. 723 (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and its sequence was analysed. The Porphyra species was a summer strain collected on rocks in upper intertidal zone at Ikidae, Pusan on 23rd July 1999. The fronds were $1{\~}5 cm$ long, monostromatic, and orbicular or ovate shaped, They had spinulate processes at margin of the frond, Comparison of this 185 rDNA sequence with the other Forphyra species indicates that Porphyra sp. 723 has the same 185 rDNA sequence derived from Porphyra suborbiculata (NCBI access number; AB 013180) except one base pair substitution in 2327 base pairs.