• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1890-1901
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• 2022

We have assessed the applicability of the thermal-hydraulic system analysis code, SPACE, to a small modular reactor called SMART. For the assessment, the experimental data from a scale-down integral-test facility, SMART-ITL, were used. It was conformed that the SPACE code unrealistically calculates the safety injection flow rate through the CMT and SIT during a small-break loss-of-coolant experiment. This unrealistic behavior was due to the overprediction of interfacial heat transfer at the steam-water interface in a vertically stratified flow in the tanks. In this study, a special thermal-hydraulic component model has been developed to realistically calculate the interfacial heat transfer when a strong non-equilibrium two-phase flow is formed in the CMT or SIT. Additionally, we developed a special heat structure model, which analytically calculates the heat transfer from the hot steam to the cold tank wall. The combination of two models for the tank are called the special component model. We assessed it using the SMART-ITL passive safety injection system (PSIS) test data. The results showed that the special component model well predicts the transient behaviors of the CMT and SIT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.6 s.96
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the makeup color range for developing the new makeup product line of domestic cosmetic brand, and suggest the special color stories and color palettes appropriate to characteristics of brand image For this study, personal color images are analyzed and classified through the literature survey of Korean womens' skin rotor like korean PCDS and japanese PCS. Also, a total of 3879 colors were selected from the 18 cosmetic brands and were analyzed by hue/tone color system. Based on the color analysis, the color range for makeup products are determined, and the typical colors of 4 personal color images are suggested. As a results, personal color images are classified into 4 types: DEW of p, lt, b tone; FLASH of s, v tone; MIST of ltg, g, sf, d tone; TERRA of dk, dkg, dp tone. we developed the color stories through five senses and lifestyles based on the consumers' emotion, and the rotor palettes suitable to each type of personal color images are developed.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2005

In this study, researcher intended to extract the major factors of makeup design from Yangju-beolsandaenori-tal(masks) and Songpa-sandaenori-tal which have been handed down to the present among many kinds of the Korean folk masks, and to apply those factors to the modernization of traditional culture in terms of makeup design. The 17 Sandaenori-tals exhibited at 'The special exhibition of the Korean folk masks' in 1981 by the national folk museum of Korea were selected as the objects of this research. The formational analysis in terms of shape, color and material was conducted. The 5 factors of this analysis are as follows; face and hair, forehead, eye and eyebrows, mouth and nose. The beauty expressed in Sandaenori-tal includes naturalness, eccentricity and good-humor. The human feelings are expressed candidly and simply through naturalness. The eccentricity in Sandaenori-tal overemphasizes the shape of mask unsymmetrically. And it is expressed ghostliy in black, white and red colors. The good-humors in aesthetic viewpoint was expressed in surprised faces and innocent smile. Researcher applies the good humour to the art makeup in strong natural colors and shapes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.48-62
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the Classification of the Joseon Dynasty's Beauty characteristics were expressed in a TV documentary focusing ona Re-mediation theory. The methods of study comprised of library research, Internet search, and using TV documentary program case studies. The work this Researcher makeup in the manufacture from the documentary in which the methods the Joseon. Dynasty expressed were selected. The literature, and preceding research, were referred to as a way to help organize the Joseon Dynasty's 'gi-saeng Hwang Jin-Hee', 'woman of royal family', and way of make-up of 'sadae-bu lady'. The TV documentary programs selected were 'MBC special' and '2 parts of channel A documentary special'. First, the improvisation of nature and simultaneity expressed in the Joseon Dynasty's usage of make-up is shown through the interview form reflecting the make-up tools and age direction of the scenes or expert. Second, the interactivity and reality are well seen through the row equivalent in which the model seems to directly use the dressing demonstration of the expert and cosmetics material. Third, the cultural expandability and unexpectedness show through the production of situations which are viewed from the explanation of the narration and letter subtitles and drama.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.356-375
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• 2021

The Generation Z (Gen-Z) consumer has a unique beauty-consuming behavior that is distinct from the previous generations. This study aims to identify the meaning of makeup rituals based on the theoretical framework of the ritual concept. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen females in their mid-teens to early 20s. The results showed that Gen-Z has different types of makeup ritual scripts for both ordinary days and special days, which are constantly being re-written and revised based on the experience accumulated. In addition, there are various types of ritual artifacts that play an important role in Gen-Z's makeup ritual, and that they provide psychological comfort and satisfaction. The importance of DIY (Do It Yourself), collecting, and independent brands is emphasized. The role of Gen-Z in the makeup ritual was expanding from a creator for her own ritual to a collaborator for peers' rituals, and sometimes the expansion goes beyond the direct relationships to virtual ones through SNS (Social Network Service). The Gen-Z cohort is found to be a member of beauty knowledge network through which they learn, share, and create the know-how and shopping skills.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to investigate the names and locations of beauty-related high schools, and to examine the cources and subjects of beauty-related high schools according to types of high schools. Data were obtained from 8 beauty-related high schools, which consisted of 2 schools for each beauty-related high schools types and permitted the investigation of their curriculum. The findings of this study were as follows: First, These were about 30 beauty-related high schools that were mostly industrial high schools, located in Busan and Kyungsang Province, and almost used "Beauty" or "Aesthetics" as the name of department. Second, the rates of common and professional courses of business high schools and industrial high schools were similar to those suggested from the Ministry of Education and Human Resources. But for specialized high schools and integrated high schools, the rate of these courses were not in accord with those of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources. Third, The credit hour of special study in beauty-related high schools largest in hair care, followed by skin care and makeup courses. But nail and foot care were established only 2-3 beauty-related high schools. Fourth, The number of subjects of special study were largest in specialty high school. Industrial high schools offered the least number of subjects of special study. Fifth, as a result of making a comparative analysis of their subjects of special study, eight high schools offered hair care, skin care, public health and makeup courses, which had the same or similar titles. The independence titles were established nail care and foot care. The others titles were established actual training, food and nutrition, digital image processing, accounts theory, coordinatin.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This research examines the characteristic trends through analysis on cue in the contemporary fashion distinctly and systematically. It is carried out by both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In the qualitative analysis, the four important street fashions of neo-mods/jazz, neo-hippie/grunge, sportivecasual and technos/cyber-punk are grouped. In the quantitative analysis, statistical data are sampled from Collection II of the 1990s S/S. It takes frequency, percentage, $\chi^2$-test and etc. by using the comprehensive tools for statistical treatment. There were significant differences between the S/S fashion. According to the cues, there are also significant differences between the fashion in the 1990s. In 'Neo-Mos/Jazz' style shows highly androgynous look, deep and strong tone, green/blue colors, natural fabric, stripe pattern, long hair style, and hided make-up. 'Neo-hippie/gnenge' style shows highly folklore look, vivid tone purple colors, seethrough/knit fabric, natural /traditional pattern, decorative hair special makeup. 'Sportive casuals' style shows highly sportive look, greish tone, white/grey colours, natural fabric, solid patten, bobbed hair, and natural make-up. 'Techno/cyber punk style shows highly comocorps look, pale tone black colors avangard fabric, solid patten, punk/dyed hair special make-up.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.202-213
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• 2002

There have been a lot of research going on for developing a new blend of cosmetic ingredients. such as Porous sphere power, High functional composition power, Ultrafine power, UV sunscreen agent, Flat titanium dioxide etc. It's said that these ingredients will have multi functional effects on foundation users. Regarding foundation products. UV care effect is basic and consumers want special feelings for skin and its'transparency. People also look for a high performance foundation which helps skin stay shineless and flawless with a longlasting beautiful finish. A lot of cosmetics are produced in small quantities resulting in a greater variety depending on consumers'ages, hobbies, trends, season and environment, so more specific cosmetics should be developed. To satisfy more specific clientele, It is expected that special care product will come out. Foundations for the elderly and men are already being considered as well as ones for trans-genders are possibility. It's considered that fecundation is not a makeup but something in skin-care categories based on the development and production of high performonce foundations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2005

This research analyzes whether affected some South Korea woman's hair style comparing change of West woman's head form after the mid-1940s. This research purpose is analyze effect that examine South Korea woman and West woman's hair style and compare change special quality and get in our country hair style until 1980 after the mid-1940s. This dissertation is literature research that analyze change process of West woman's hair style and South Korea woman's hair style. Investigation method utilized dress and its ornaments connection books and treatise, beauty art connection books and treatise such as the South Korea and western dress and its ornaments. The following is the chronological analysis of the influence the western hairstyle has had on the Korean women. The hairstyles in Korea have been profoundly influenced by the western culture, especially the western makeup styles and hairstyles. Therefore, exploration of the western hair and makeup-styling conveys a great significance in conducting researches on the Korean hairstyles. Conclusion of this research is hair style of our country received much effects from make-up culture specially Occidentalism, hair style culture by each age, European beauty art culture research can assume that scientific analysis of west woman's clothes and make-up is important in our country hair style research. In the future, it is believed that the cycle of changes in hair-styling will get remarkable shortened with the advance in the computer technology, which enables the world to have a much faster access to other cultures over the Internet.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2001

With the increasing number of women involved in social activities, beauty industry has flourished. More women than ever before are concerned about make-up, hair care, skin care, and weight control, etc. With the success and commercialization of beauty industry, unconfirmed beauty care services have been introduced in the market. However, the health hazard from diverse beauty care services has not been systematically addressed. This study has the following two purposes: 1) to examine the utilization pattern of diverse beauty care services; and 2) to examine the health hazard from beauty care services. For this study, two major universities located in Seoul area were selected. While 450 female college students were selected from one women's university, the other 450 were from mixed university. Using survey questionnaire, we interviewed with 900 female college students. The results are as follows: As for the beauty care patterns, makeup accounted for 78.6％, Skin care 49.5％, weight/body control 32.0％, hair care 81.5％, and cosmetic operation 14.9％, indicating significant high rates of makeup(x2=9.215, p=0.002) and hair care(x2=4.435, p=0.035) at both mixed and women's universities. The health hazard was measured using four questions. The past studies have not paid special attention to the methodological issue of how to ask health hazard. Depending on how to ask health hazard, the percentage of respondents reporting health problems varied. When the respondents were asked whether or not they had suffered health problems for a short period, over 60％ of respondents reported health problems; when they were asked in other ways-1) whether or not they had suffered health problems for a long period, 2) whether or not they had suffered whole body problems, 3) whether or not they had permanent traces on skin due to beauty care activities-, the percentage of respondents reporting health problems dropped substantially to less than 10％, This finding indicates the importance of ‘words’ used in questions. The relationships between health problems and utilization of beauty care services were examined, using χ2 test or t test. We found that there was a significant relationship between health problem and beauty care.