• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2006

이 논문은 서지보호기의 설치조건에 따른 보호효과에 대하여 기술하였으며, 뇌서지로부터 정보통신설비를 효과적으로 보호하는 설치기법을 제안하기 위해 서지보호기의 보호효과에 미치는 설치위치, 분기회로의 길이, 배선방법, 전선관 재료의 영향에 대해서 실규모 조건에서의 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 보호하고자 하는 각각의 전자기기의 입력단에 서지보호기를 설치하는 것이 효과적이며, 선간에 서지보호기를 설치할 때는 접속선의 길이가 최소가 되도록 하는 배선방법이 효과적이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Application of exogenous polyamines (PAs) reduced the paraquat (PQ)-induced cotyledon injuries in radish seedling plants with 1 mM spermidine (Spd) being the most effective protectant. PQ injury symptoms in the cotyledons, e.g., large accumulation of $H_2O_2$, and losses of fresh weight, chlorophyll, and proteins, were significantly alleviated. Likewise, analysis of $H_2O_2$-scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed that pretreatment with Spd among PAs remarkably increased total CAT activity and strongly retarded PQ-induced rapid decline in total GPX activity. In a native gel assay, one CAT isozyme (CAT1) and two GPX isozymes (GPX1 and a newly synthesized GPX isozyme) proved to be more responsible for PQ tolerance, as manifested by the strong increases in their activities by Spd pretreatment. Based on these results, we can suggest that PAs (especially 1 mM Spd) may function as antioxidant protectors by invoking CAT and GPX enzymes which control the endogenous $H_2O_2$ level in radish cotyledons exposed to PQ.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.747-753
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• 2000

There has been a number of investigations in recent years reporting the results obtained on the structure and properties of metals deformed to severe plastic deformation (SPD). Being deformed to SPD, ultra-fine grains (UFG) are usually formed, and UFG structure exhibits fundamental differences in original physical properties. One method often used to obtain SPD is equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In order for this technique to be exploited, it is important to understand the deformation behavior during the ECAP processing and relationship to the configuration of die. The finite element method (FEM) has been used to investigate this issue. It has been found that the plastic deformation is sensitive to the channel angle and material properties and is not uniform across the width of the specimen and the pressing load is relative to deformation during the ECAP processing.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-134
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• 2006

Korean health care system introduced the reform for separation between prescribing and dispensing of drugs (SPD reform) in the latter part of the year 2000. The objective of this paper is to look at what change this reform has brought about in the financial situation of Korean public health insurance scheme, particularly in terms of insurance benefit outlay. Since the inception of the reform is a development of more than five years ago, its impact on the finance situation would now start to become apparent. Hypothesis is set in this study for each of three components of drug reimbursement in health insurance, i.e. average price level, composition of drugs and their overall volume. In terms of the classification of health care services by mode of production, the impact of the SPD reform is confined mainly to the last two among three drug reimbursement fields including inpatient department, out-patient department and pharmacy. Pure impact of the SPD reform was estimated to be more or less than 1.7 trillion won, 13.1% of the total outlay of the Nation Health Insurance in 2001, and more than 2.0 trillion won, 14.9% of the total outlay of the Nation Health Insurance in 2003. Both dispensing fees for the pharmacists, which had been newly introduced on occasion of the SPD reform, and larger share of expensive drugs in the medicines prescribed by doctors were confirmed to be main drivers of the augmentation of drug reimbursement.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1653-1659
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• 2013

본 논문은 Verilog HDL이나 VHDL로 설계된 디지털 회로의 구조를 효율적으로 분석하고 디버깅 할 수 있는 ECAD 소프트웨어를 제안한다. 이 소프트웨어는 HDL 코드를 파싱하여 내부 구조에 대한 정보를 추출한 후 여러 가지 종류의 그래픽 도우미 예를 들면, 배치배선 알고리즘을 적용하여 생성된 계층구조의 논리회로도, 각 모듈을 구성하는 요소들을 나타내는 객체 나무 그래픽, 인스턴스들의 계층구조를 나타내는 인스턴스 나무 그래픽, 내부 시그널 간의 관계를 나타내는 시그널 관계도(SPD, signal propagation diagram) 등으로 표현된다. 디버깅에 가장 중요한 기능은 여러 가지 다른 관점의 설계 정보(HDL 코드, 객체 나무, 인스턴스 나무, SPD, 파형 등)에서 임의의 객체로부터 출발하여 동일한 설계 정보를 찾아내는 기능이다. 이러한 기능들은 설계자가 수작업으로 HDL 코드를 분석하고 버그를 찾아내는 기능을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 돕는다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2013

In this paper, in order to analyze lightning impulse response characteristics in combined installations of SPDs and RCDs, surge protection coordination between SPDs and RCDs are experimentally investigated by using the combination wave generator. Six different types of single-phase residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses(RCBOs) being present on the domestic market are tested according to KS C IEC 61009-1 standard. As a result, when a class I SPD is located on the source side of an RCBO, all kinds of specimens are able to provide the proper coordination between the SPD and RCBOs without nuisance tripping, unintended operation or damage due to test impulse currents. However, in the case that the class II SPD is located on the load side of RCBOs, a lot of L-N mode injected currents is split into the RCBO, and a few RCBOs are damaged. Coordination between SPDs and RCDs is not valid and a role of SPDs is of no use. When combining SPDs with RCDs, it is necessary to select SPDs and RCDs in consideration of the protection voltage level of metal oxide varistor embedded in RCDs.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2003

Under the strong leadership of Chinese Government to the anti-SARS struggle, the situation has been successfully controlled. Since May 1 of 2003, the Ministry of Health of China published daily the number of newly increased SARS patient of Beijing, the authors analyzed these data using $X_cs$$-R_scs$ cause-selecting control charts of Statistical Diagnosis(SPD) Theory. Data about number of newly increased SARS patient consists of two kinds of variation: random variation and tendency variation of SARS epidemic. It is concluded that SARS epidemic of Beijing was already controlled since May 9 of 2003.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2011

SPDs are increasingly being used against lightning and switching surge according to the applicable revised standard and equipotential grounding system. SPDs are equipped usually with a MOV voltage regulating element. The MOV, however, always is exposed to the danger of thermal runaway resulting from inrushing temporary overvoltage and deterioration. In this paper, the authors made two prototype SPDs built-in Instantaneous trip device and analyzed their limiting voltage through test of the MOV breakdown. As the result of the analysis, the SPDs built-in Instantaneous trip device was proven to be effective for protecting MOV against thermal runaway and Instantaneous trip device react for limiting voltage is considered that is applicable to SPD.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.95-97
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• 2008

현대 산업에서 정밀기기와 정보기기의 사용이 증가되면서 전력품질의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 또한 건축물 뇌 보호 관련 규정이 KS C IEC 62305로 개정피면서 선택사항에 불과했던 내부 뇌 보호 시스템 서지보호기(SPD)의 설치가 의무화 되었다. 그런대 사용자들이 실제 이용하고 있는 서지보호기를 현장에 적용하였을 때 많은 문제점이 드러났다. 첫째, 서지보호기를 설치 후 제대로 작동 하는지 동작 상태를 파악할 수 없고 단지 낙뢰가 몇 번 유입되었는지의 카운터 기능의 시각적 판단만 가능하다. 또한 시간이 지나면서 서지보호기의 특성 변화 파악이 불가능하다. 설치 후 제 성능은 얼마나 발휘하는 가를 알 수 없고 LAMP에 의해 SPD의 소손 여부만을 판단할 수 있어 SPD의 교체시기를 알 수 없다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 서지보호기에 유입되는 서지크기, 유입경로 및 횟수를 통한 서지의호소자의 성능에 대한 대책 마련을 가능케 하여 바람직한 서지보호 및 적용이 가능토록 하고자 한다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.298-302
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• 2005

This paper presents the protection effect of SPDs according to installation conditions. To develop the effective protection countermeasures of information and communication equipments against lightning surges, actual-sized experiments in relation to the protection effects on the installation positions of surge protective devices(SPDs), the length of branch circuit the materials and long of conduit were conducted. The best method for protecting the electronic equipments from surges is to install the SPD at the front point of the devices to be protected. The installation method of the metal conduit bonded with common ground conductor were more effective than that of the PVC conduit.