• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 1998

To define the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in the aqutic ecosystem, Lake Soyang, the largest artificial reservoir in Korea, a new method, fluorescent in situ hybridization was applied. This technique relies on the specific hybridization of the nucleic acid probes to the naturally amplified intracellular rRNA. By this method, the bacterial community composition of Lake Soyang and bacterial numbers belong to eubacteria, proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group were estimated. Total bacterial numbers ranged from $0.3{\times}10^6{\sim}2.0{\times}10^6cells{\cdot}ml^{-1}$, and vertical profile of total bacteria showed the peak at 2 and 5 m depths. The ratio of eubacteria to total bacteria were 22~100% and varied with depth and season. The percentage of Proteobacteria ${\alpha}$-group ranged 2.6~66.7%, ${\beta}$-group 4.5~53.5%, ${\gamma}$-group 4.6~76.7% and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group 2.1~35.9%. Also, bacteria] community had spatial and temporal characteristics. The dominant groups were ${\beta}$-group in winter, ${\gamma}$-group in spring and early summer and ${\alpha}$-group in summer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.75-77
• /
• 2004

Stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) is a technique to deliver a high dose to a particular target region and a low dose to the critical organ using only one or a few irradiations while the patient is fixed with a stereotactic frame. The optimized plan is decided by repetitive work to combine the beam parameters and identify prescribed doses level in a tumor, which is usually called a trial and error method. This requires a great deal of time, effort, and experience. Therefore, we developed the automatic arrangement of multi-isocenter within irregularly shaped tumor. At the arbitrary targets, which is this method based on the voxel unit of the space, well satisfies the dose conformity and dose homogeneity to the targets relative to the RTOG radiosurgery plan guidelines

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.159-170
• /
• 2017

The temporal and spatial temperature distribution of the heat storage mortar made of porous feldspar was measured and the thermal properties and electricity consumption were analyzed. For the experiment, two real size chambers (control model and test model) with hot water pipes were constructed. Two large scale models with hot water pipes were constructed. The surface temperature change of the heat storage layer was remotely monitored during the heating and cooling process using infrared thermal imaging camera and temperature sensor. The temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$ under the heating condition. The temperature of the heat storage layer of the test model was $2.0-3.5^{\circ}C$ higher than the control model and the time to reach the target temperature was shortened. As the distance from the hot water pipe increased, the temperature gap increased from $4.0^{\circ}C$ to $4.8^{\circ}C$. The power consumed until the surface temperature of the heat storage layer reached $30^{\circ}C$ was 2.2 times that of the control model. From the heating experiment, the stepwise temperature and electricity consumption were calculated, and the electricity consumption of the heat storage layer of the test model was reduced by 66%. In the cooling experiment, the surface temperature of the heat storage layer of the test model was maintained $2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the control model. The heat storage effect of the porous feldspar mortar was confirmed by the temperature experiment. With considering that the time to reheat the heat storage layer is extended, the energy efficiency will be increased.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.232-243
• /
• 2018

The construction, development and maintenance of an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable campus involves the integration of measuring tools and technical information that invites and encourages the community to know the actual state to generate positive actions for reducing the negative impacts over the local environment. At the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Campus $Bogot{\acute{a}}$, a public area with daily traffic of more than 25000 people, the Environmental Management Bureau has committed with the monitoring of the noise pollution and air quality, as support to the campaigns aiming to reduce the pollutant emissions associated to the student's activities and campus operation. The target of this study is based in the implementation of mobile air quality and sonometry monitoring equipment, the mapping of the actual air quality and noise pollution inside the university campus as a novel methodology for a sub-area inside a megacity. This results and mapping are proposed as planning tool for the institution administrative sections. A mobile Kunak$^{(R)}$ Air & OPC air monitoring station with the capability to measure particulate matter $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, Ozone ($O_3$), Sulfur Oxide ($SO_2$), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide ($NO_2$) as well as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Latitude and Longitude coordinates for the data georeferenciation; and a sonometer Cirrus$^{(R)}$ 162B Class 2 were used to perform the measurements. The measurements took place in conditions of academic activity and without it, with the aim of identify the impacts generated by the campus operation. Using the free code geographical information software QGIS$^{(R)}$ 2.18, the maps of each variable measured were developed, and the impacts generated by the operation of the campus were identified qualitative and quantitively. For the measured variables, an increase of around 21% for the $L_{Aeq}$ noise level and around 80% to 90% for air pollution were detected during the operation period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2007

The normalized difference in incident solar energy between a target surface and a level surface (overheating index, OHI) is useful in eliminating estimation error of site-specific maximum temperature in complex terrain. Due to the complexity in its calculation, however, an empirical proxy variable called northern exposure index (NEI) which combines slope and aspect has been used to estimate OHI based on empirical relationships between the two. An experiment with real-world landscape and temperature data was carried out to evaluate performance of the NEI - derived OHI (N-OHI) in reduction of spatial interpolation error for daily maximum temperature compared with that by the original OHI. We collected daily maximum temperature data from 7 sites in a mountainous watershed with a $149 km^2$ area and a 795m elevation range ($651{\sim}1,445m$) in Pyongchang, Kangwon province. Northern exposure index was calculated for the entire 166,050 grid cells constituting the watershed based on a 30-m digital elevation model. Daily OHI was calculated for the same watershed ana regressed to the variation of NEI. The regression equations were used to estimate N-OHI for 15th of each month. Deviations in daily maximum temperature at 7 sites from those measured at the nearby synoptic station were calculated from June 2006 to February 2007 and regressed to the N-OHI. The same procedure was repeated with the original OHI values. The ratio sum of square errors contributable by the N-OHI were 0.46 (winter), 0.24 (fall), and 0.01 (summer), while those by the original OHI were 0.52, 0.37 and 0.15, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.475-488
• /
• 2018

Surveying urban tributary vegetation is based mainly on field sampling at present. The tributary vegetation survey integrating UAV NIR(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Near Infrared Radiance) imagery and in-situ point photo has received only limited attentions from the field ecologist. The reason for this could be the largely undemonstrated applicability of UAV NIR imagery by the field ecologist as a monitoring tool for urban tributary vegetation. The principal advantage of UAV NIR imagery as a remote sensor is to provide, in a cost-effective manner, information required for a very narrow swath target such as urban tributary (10m width or so), utilizing very low altitude flight, real-time geo-referencing and stereo imaging. An exhaustive and realistic comparison of the two techniques was conducted, based on operational customer requirement of urban tributary vegetation survey: synoptic information, ground detail and quantitative data collection. UAV NIR imagery made it possible to identify area-wide patterns of the major plant communities subject to many different influences (e.g. artificial land use pattern), which cannot be acquired by traditional field sampling. Although field survey has already gained worldwide recognition by plant ecologists as a typical method of urban tributary vegetation monitoring, this approach did not provide a level of information that is either scientifically reliable or economically feasible in terms of urban tributary vegetation (e.g. remedial field works). It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for area-wide information obtained by UAV NIR imagery in urban tributary vegetation survey.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.235-253
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare by learner groups(K-12, geology-related majoring students, science teachers) how geologic fieldwork education cases in domestic and foreign papers for recent 20 years reflect the elements of inquiry in field geology. The total number of analyzed cases is 53(58 for double counting), and the analysis was conducted on the elements of inquiry in field geology and their sub-element. As a result, there was a clear difference between the cases of geologic fieldwork education for K-12 and college students majoring in geology-related disciplines, in the way of reflecting elements of inquiry in field geology. Because most of K-12 target fieldworks were designed based on the curriculum, it mainly included 2-3 elements of observations, representations, and/or abductive reasoning. On the other hand, because fieldworks for geology-related major students aim to train geologic experts, it diversely contained four or five of the elements of inquiry in field geology, including spatial thinking and diachronic thinking in a high proportion, and also frequently used activities that require specialized skills such as geological mapping. Fieldworks for science teachers were found to have mixed features of K-12 and geology-related major students. Considering the diversity of included inquiry elements, similarities with the activities performed by geologists, and the autonomy of learners, it was analyzed that geologic fieldwork for geology-related major students was more close to authentic geologic inquiry than fieldwork for others. Based on the results of this study, we suggested implications for improving geological fieldwork as authentic science inquiry.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2012

In this study, a statistical estimation of probable precipitation and an analysis of its return period in Busan were performed using long-term precipitation data (1973-2007) collected from the Busan Regional Meteorological Administration. These analyses were based on the method of probability weighted moments for parameter estimation, the goodness-of-fit test of chi-square ($x^2$) and the probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC), and the generalized logistics (GLO) for optimum probability distribution. Moreover, the spatial distributions with the determination of probable precipitation were also investigated using precipitation data observed at 15 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in the target area. The return periods for the probable precipitation of 245.2 and 280.6 mm/6 hr with GLO distributions in Busan were estimated to be about 100 and 200 years, respectively. In addition, the high probable precipitation for 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-hour durations was mostly distributed around Dongrae-gu site, all coastal sites in Busan, Busanjin and Yangsan sites, and the southeastern coastal and Ungsang sites, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we introduce a technique to retarget human motion data to the humanoid body in a constrained environment. We assume that the given motion data includes detailed interactions such as holding the object by hand or avoiding obstacles. In addition, we assume that the humanoid joint structure is different from the human joint structure, and the shape of the surrounding environment is different from that at the time of the original motion. Under such a condition, it is also difficult to preserve the context of the interaction shown in the original motion data, if the retargeting technique that considers only the change of the body shape. Our approach is to separate the problem into two smaller problems and solve them independently. One is to retarget motion data to a new skeleton, and the other is to preserve the context of interactions. We first retarget the given human motion data to the target humanoid body ignoring the interaction with the environment. Then, we precisely deform the shape of the environmental model to match with the humanoid motion so that the original interaction is reproduced. Finally, we set spatial constraints between the humanoid body and the environmental model, and restore the environmental model to the original shape. To demonstrate the usefulness of our method, we conducted an experiment by using the Boston Dynamic's Atlas robot. We expected that out method can help the humanoid motion tracking problem in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2008

We need to use the strength of each Species Distribution Model(SDM) because presence location data were only collected due to time and economic limitations in Korea. This study investigated and compared GAM(Generalized Additive Model) which is one of presence-absence models with Maxent(Maximum Entropy Model) which is one of presence only models according to location data(presence/absence data). The target species was Fisher(Martes pennanti) which is an endangered species in California, USA. We implemented environmental data such as topography, climate and vegetation, and applied models to sub-regions and study area. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, GAM which used real presence and absence data was better than GAM which used pseudo-absence data and Maxent which used presence-only data. Secondly, Maxent was better than GAM when presence-only data were used. Lastly, each model which applied to different regions didn't predict other area well due to the difference of habitat environment and over-predicted outside of study area. We need to select an optimal model to predict a suitable habitat according to the type and distribution of location data.