• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the spatial structures for household activities according to the house size. multi-Dimentional Scaling analysis was done, using questinonaire data from 349 middle income housewives living in apartment in the area of Captital region. This was an extended article of previous one. In case of house whose size was less than 20 Pyung, washing cloth and bathing behavior took place in the same place whereas in other house size, bathing behavior was incoperated into various behaviors usually shown in the bedroom. The ideal structure in the house of 20 Pyung's showed home office space closer to the bedroom area whereas in others it appeared independently.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제34S권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 1997

Most open magnetic resonance imaging systems have used the planar gradient coils whose inductances were minimized through the magnetic energy minimization procedure in the spatial frequency domain. Though the planar gradient coils have smaller inductance than conventional gradient coils, the planar gradient coils often suffer from their poor magnetic field linearity. Scaling the spatial frequencies of the current density function designed by the magnetic energy minimization, magnetic field linearity of the planar gradient coils can be greatly improved with small sacrifice of gradient coil inductance. We have found that the figure of merit of the planar gradient coils, defined by the gradient strength divided by the linearity error and the inductance, can be improved by proposed technique.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.705-708
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• 2004

The spatial variability of the L- and C- band large scale remotely sensed soil moisture data, obtained during tire Southern Great Plain 1999 (SGP'99), was characterized. The results demonstrate that soil moisture data using L-band show the break in statistical symmetry (multiscaling behavior) with the variation of scale of observation, which is similar to that of the soil property such as sand content. Also, soil moisture data using C-band show single scaling behavior with the variation of scale of observation, which Is similar to that of the vegetation condition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

The specification of surface vegetation is essential for simulating actual evapotranspiration of water resources. The availability of land cover maps based on remotely collected data makes the specification of surface vegetation easier. The spatial resolution of hydrologic models rarely matches the spatial scales of the vegetation data needed, and remotely collected vegetation data often are upscaled up to conform to the hydrologic model scale. In this study, the effects of the grid scale of of surface vegetation on the results of actual evapotranspiration were examined. The results show that the coarser resolution causes larger error in relative terms and that a more realistic description of area-averaged vegetation nature and characteristics needs to be considered when calculating actual evapotranspiration.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2001년도 춘계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.151-152
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• 2001

A common problem of the model simulations of the land surface - atmosphere interaction is to choose the appropriate spatial scale and resolution at which the simulations are to be performed. The accuracy of energy and water exchange predictions between the land surface and the atmosphere in regional and global scale atmospheric models is mainly influenced by: model simplifications applied to describe the spatial heterogeneity of land surface properties within individual grid cells; ignoring the variability of sub-grid properties (e.g. relief, vegetation, soils), and; lacks of necessary input meteorological and biophysical data.(omitted)

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2003

이 논문은 3차원 정수 웨이브릿 변환을 이용한 손실 의료 영상 압축에 대한 방법을 보여준다. 의료영상에 3차원 웨이브릿 분할법과 3차원 spatial dependence tree를 이용한 Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees(SPIHT) algorithm을 제공한다. 또한 3차원 웨이브릿 분할법에서 정수 웨이브릿 필터들을 이용한 lifting방법을 이용하고, unitary 변환을 만들기 위하여 정확한 scaling을 이용한다. 압축률이 증가하면 할수록 인접한 coding unit사이에선 boundary effect가 생긴다. Video와 같지 않아서 인접한 coding unit사이에서의 boundary artifact는 보여서는 안 된다. 이러한 현상을 제거하기 위해서 인접한 coding unit사이에 axial domain으로 overlapping방법을 사용한다. 또한 코딩 할 때 여러 종류의 정수 필터들을 사용한다. 결과로 어떤 특정한 필터를 사용할 때 좋은 결과를 얻었고 overlapping방법을 사용했기 때문에 ringing artifacts는 거의 찾아 볼 수가 없게 되었다. 그리고 어두운 면을 코딩 할 때도 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.142-142
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• 2023

Humans inevitably and continuously produce wastewater in daily life worldwide. To decrease the degradation of river water bodies and aquatic ecosystem therein, humans have built systems at different scales to collect, drain, and treat household-produced wastewater. Particularly, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with centralized controls have played a key role in reducing loads of nutrients in domestic wastewater for the last few decades. Notwithstanding such contributions, impaired rivers regarding water quality and habitat integrity still exist at the whole river basin scale. It is highly attributable to the absence of dilution capacity of receiving streams and/or the accumulation of the pollutant loads along flow paths. To improve the perspective for individual WWTPs assessment, the first crucial step is to achieve systematic understanding on spatial distribution characteristics of all WWTPs together in a given river basin. By taking the initiative, our former study showed spatial hierarchical distributions of WWTPs in three large urbanized river basins in Germany. In this study, we uncover how municipal WWTPs in the contiguous United States are distributed along river networks in a give river basin. The extended spatial scope allows to deal with wide ranges in geomorphological attributes, hydro-climatic conditions, and socio-economic status. Furthermore, we identify the relation of the findings with multiple factors related to human activities, such as the spatial distribution of human settlements, the degree of economy development, and the fraction of communities served by WWTPs. Generalizable patterns found in this study are expected to contribute to establishing viable management plans for recent water-environmental challenges caused by WWTP-discharges to river water bodies.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

The high-ozone episode in the Greater Seoul Area for the period of July 27 to August 1 1997 was modeled by the CIT(California Institute of Technology) three-dimensional photochemical model. Emission data were prepared by scaling the NIER(1994) data through and optimization method using VOC measurements in August 1997 and EKMA(Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach). Two sets of meteorological data were prepared by the diagnostic routine. a part of the CIT model : one only utilized observations from the surface weather stations and the other also utilized observations from the automatic weather stations that were more densely distributed than those from the surface weather stations. The results showed that utilizing observations from the automatic weather stations could represent fine variations in the sind field such as those caused by topography. A better wind field gave better peak ozones and a more reasonable spatial distribution of ozone concentrations. Nevertheless, there were still many differences between predictions and observations particularly for primary pollutant such as NOx and CO. This was probably due to the inaccuracy of emission data that could not resolve both temporal and spatial variations.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.437-450
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• 2003

In this paper, the structural random response due to the turbulent boundary layer excitation is investigated. Using the mode shapes and natural frequencies of an undamped structural operator, a fully analytical model has been assembled. The auto and cross-spectral densities of kinematic quantities are so determined through exact analytical expansions. In order to reduce the computational costs associated with the needed number of modes, it has been tested an innovative methodology based on a scaling procedure. In fact, by using a reduced spatial domain and defining accordingly an augmented artificial damping, it is possible to get the same energy response with reduced computational costs. The item to be checked was the power spectral density of the displacement response for a flexural simply supported beam; the very simple structure was selected just to highlight the main characteristics of the technique. In principle, it can be applied successfully to any quantity derived from the modal operators. The criterion and the rule of scaling the domain are also presented, investigated and discussed. The obtained results are encouraging and they allow thinking successfully to the definition of procedure that could represent a bridge between modal and energy methods.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-113
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• 2015

Adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming technology has become an important and prevalent feature in many multimedia delivery systems, with content providers such as Netflix and Amazon using ABR streaming to increase bandwidth efficiency and provide the maximum user experience when channel conditions are not ideal. Where such systems could see improvement is in the delivery of live video with a closed loop cognitive control of video encoding. In this paper, we present streaming camera system which provides spatially and temporally adaptive video streams, learning the user's preferences in order to make intelligent scaling decisions. The system employs a hardware based H.264/AVC encoder for video compression. The encoding parameters can be configured by the user or by the cognitive system on behalf of the user when the bandwidth changes. A cognitive video client developed in this study learns the user's preferences (i.e. video size over frame rate) over time and intelligently adapts encoding parameters when the channel conditions change. It has been demonstrated that the cognitive decision system developed has the ability to control video bandwidth by altering the spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the ability to make scaling decisions