• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2005

The paper proposes the improved error diffusion halftoning system to enhance the edges using the spatial perceptual characteristics of the human visual system. The proposed method computes a spatial variation(SV), which is the difference between a pixel luminance and the average of its $3{\times}3$ neighborhood pixels' luminances weighted according to the spatial positioning. Information of edge enhancement(IEE) Is computed using the SV and the local average luminance. The IEE is added to the quantizer's input pixel and feeds into the halftoning quantizer. The quantizer produces the halftone image having the enhanced edge. The performance of the proposed method is compared with conventional methods by measuring the edge correlation. The halftone images by using the proposed method show better quality due to the enhanced edge. And the detailed edge is preserved in the halftone images by using the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.467-476
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• 2020

Indoor space has been one of the focal points for geospatial research as various factors such as increasing demands for application and demand for adaptive response in emergencies have arisen. IndoorGML (Indoor Geography Markup Language) has provided a standardized method of representing the topological aspect of micro-scale environments, with its extensive specifications and flexible applicability. However, as more real-world problems and needs demand attention, suggestions to improve this standard, such as representing IndoorPOI (Indoor Points of Interest), have arisen. Hence, existing algorithms and functionalities that we use on perceiving these indoor spaces must also adapt to accommodate said improvements. In this study, we explore how to define spatial neighborhoods in indoor spaces represented by an integrated IndoorGML and IndoorPOI data. We revisit existing approaches to combine the aforementioned datasets and refine previous approaches to perform neighborhood spatial queries in 3D. We implement the proposed algorithm in three use cases using sample datasets representing a real-world structure to demonstrate its effectiveness for performing indoor spatial analysis.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to grasp the spatial characteristics and consciousness structure for The Third Place through the empirical research, focused on housewives as the survey who spend many times in neighborhood. The four types as the consciousness structure are deducted, Nature-oriented type, Unusual experience type, Solitude enjoyment type, and Originality-oriented type. And the spatial characteristics related to the four types are deducted as the followings: Nature-oriented type contains the spatial characteristics as Wild space, Speculative space, Dotty occupation space, and Green way. Unusual experience type contains as Rambling space, Dynamic sojourn space, and Theme-plex space. Solitude enjoyment type contains as Anonymous private space, Encircling space, and Religious space. Originality-oriented type contains as Chatter space, Self development space, and Community space between families. The results of this study represent six characteristics on the third place, advocated by Oldenburg, and show housewives' various needs and concrete examples for the Third place in city.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.12-15
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• 1996

The purpose of image sequence coding is to reduce the spatio-temporal redundancies. The transform coding such as DCT is used for the spatial redundancies. In this paper, the optical flow method is applied to solve the problem of temporal redundancies. So far, pixel intensity conservation has been used to solve the optical flow. We used the neighborhood information as well as pixel intensity conservation. And we compared the merits and demerits of the conventional method and the proposed method in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2020

Recently, large and small fires have been happening more often in Korea. Fire is one of the most frequent disasters along with traffic accidents in korean cities, and this frequency is closely related to the land use and the type of facilities. Therefore, in this study, the significance of fires was analyzed by considering land use, facility types, human and social factors and using 10 years of fire data in Jinju city. Based on this, OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression analysis, SLM (Spatial Lag Model) and SEM (Spatial Error Model) using space weights, were compared and analyzed considering the location of the fire and each factor, then a statistical model with high suitability was presented. As a result, LISA analysis of spatial distribution patterns of fires in Jinju city was conducted, and it was proved that the frequency of fires was high in the order as follow, central commercial area, industrial area and residential area. Multiple regression analysis was performed by integrating demographic, social, and physical variables. Therefore, the three models were compared and analyzed by applying spatial weighting to the derived factors. As a result of the significance test, the spatial error model was analyzed to be the most significant. The facilities that have the highest correlation with fire occurrence were second type neighborhood facilities, followed by detached house, first type neighborhood facilities, number of households, and sales facilities. The results of this study are expected to be used as significant data to identify factors and manage fire safety in urban areas. Also, through the analysis of the standard deviation ellipsoid, the distribution characteristics of each facility in the residential area, industrial area, and central commercial area among the use areas were analyzed. In, the second type neighborhood facility with the highest fire risk was concentrated in the center. The results of these studies are expected to be used as useful data for identifying factors and managing fire safety in urban areas.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.923-936
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• 2014

Images can be contaminated with different types of noise, for different reasons. The neighborhood averaging and smoothing by image averaging are the classical image processing techniques for noise removal. The classical spatial filtering refers to the aggregate of pixels composing an image and operating directly on these pixels. To reduce or remove effectively noise in image sequences, it usually needs to use noise reduction filter based on space or time domain such as method of spatial or temporal filter. However, the method of spatial filter can generally cause that signals of objects as the target are also blurred. In this paper, we propose temporal filter using the piece-wise quadratic function model and enhancement algorithm of image quality for the performance improvement of target detection and tracking by heterogeneous noise reduction. Image tracking simulation that utilizes real IIR(Imaging Infra-Red) images is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed image processing algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4336-4354
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• 2018

Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is a most usually technique for medical image segmentation. But conventional FCM fails to perform well enough on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with the noise and intensity inhomogeneity (IIH). In the paper, we propose a Gamma correction conditional FCM algorithm with spatial information (GcsFCM) to solve this problem. Firstly, the pre-processing, Gamma correction, is introduced to enhance the details of images. Secondly, the spatial information is introduced to reduce the effect of noise. Then we introduce the effective neighborhood mechanism into the local space information to improve the robustness for the noise and inhomogeneity. And the mechanism describes the degree of participation in generating local membership values and building clusters. Finally, the adjustment mechanism and the spatial information are combined into the weighted membership function. Experimental results on four image volumes with noise and IIH indicate that the proposed GcsFCM algorithm is more effective and robust to noise and IIH than the FCM, sFCM and csFCM algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The objective of this planning proposal is to rehabilitate the urban stream which has been ecologically disturbed in the urban process. The experimental stream, Su-am stream located in Anyang City is typical urban stream in adjacent land use and the spatial condition. The stream in the watershed context, is the second tributary of Han River, in the Anyangcheon watershed. The Characteristics of the stream reach were analyzed by the river corridor survey. In the conceptual phase, Rehabilitation Programs were established based on the hydrological, ecological and spatial characteristics of the stream. Spatial zoning concept according to the characteristics of the stream and adjacent land use, was suggested 4 types of zoning; ecological preservation zone, natural landscape zone, neighborhood water-friendly zone and CBD water-friendly zone. Implementation Practices can be summarized as follow: For The longitudinal river continuum, some In-stream practices were suggested and implemented; such as channel alignment, step & pool, pool & riffle and low-flow channel bank. For latitudinal continuum and intimate spatial relationship between Sam-duk Park & Su-am stream, gentle sloped bank was planned and implemented. After stream improvement & ecological Implementation, follow-up monitoring and adaptive management programs will be a meaningful process for ecological rehabilitation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2006

In sampling survey, nonresponse tend to occur inevitably. If we use information from respondents only, the estimates will be baised. To overcome this, various non-response imputation methods have been studied. If there are few auxiliary variables for replacing missing imputation or spatial autocorrelation exists between respondents and nonrespondents, spatial autocorrelation can be used for missing imputation. In this paper, we apply several nonresponse imputation methods including spatial imputation for the analysis of farm household economy data of the Gangwon-Do in 2002 as an example. We show that spatial imputation is more efficient than other methods through the numerical simulations.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

A typical low and medium-sized neighborhood living facility in reinforced concrete building secures a high floor and pursues an efficient module plan(long span). Accordingly, research on the development of new hybrid beams that can innovatively reduce labor costs such as on-site installation and assembly while securing strength and rigidity is ongoing. In order to verify the structural performance of the U-flanged truss composite beam with newly developed shape, Experiments with various variables are required. Based on the results, this study is to evaluate the strength of U-flanged truss hybrid beam through the flexural strength of the Korea Design Code and experimental values. It was evaluated that nominal flexural strength was 110% to 135% higher than the experimental value.