• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

This study aims to establish the identity of traditional Korean gardens and develop a universal way for overseas Koreans and foreigners to have an appropriate understanding of traditional Korean gardens, as part of efforts to distribute and promote the overseas establishment of traditional Korean gardens. The focus of this study is on developing planning and design guidelines to ensure that traditional Korean gardens have individuality when they are established overseas and on establishing directional rules for planners. Although traditional Korean gardens may vary in form according to their purposes and spatial scales, the most important thing is that they should incorporate emotions that are well-matched with Korean landscapes and that their design language should be easily recognizable and understandable to everyone. The basic spatial types of traditional Korean gardens for overseas establishment, which are presented in this study, include the exhibition(fair) type, the garden type and the park type. These basic types serve as prototypes that correspond to the purposes of the gardens. In consideration of the spatial scale, the exhibition(fair) type is set as the minimum unit for composition, and suggested basic facilities include trees, a well, a pond and an island in the pond, flower beds and fences. The results of this study have significance as basic information for planning and designing traditional Korean gardens for overseas establishment.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.69-84
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• 2017

In order to display various art works such as media art in a multi-display environment, it is necessary to consider contents arrangement. The advantage of having a 1: N or N: N layout instead of a 1: 1 or N: 1 layout between display and content, but a more complex scheme of how to do spatial and temporal layout in multi-display Is required. In order to distribute contents, existing media server solution or programming-based multimedia production software is used. However, it takes much time to rearrange or modify the contents, and it is not easy to modify the contents. Therefore, It is difficult to place content in the environment. In order to solve this problem, various approaches are needed from research on content placement method to development of content placement software that improves the existing method. However, analysis on systematic content placement type supporting it, or interface There is also no access to. In this study, we have summarized the requirements for designing the interface for each type with the aim of making it possible to utilize previously analyzed content layout types in various display activities such as media art in multi - display environment. The requirements of each type of interface were derived based on spatial arrangement and temporal layout type which are most distinguished when content is placed. The contents of the interface requirements are summarized as follows: We expect to be a cornerstone for system development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

Inundation Maps are used to predict potential areas of flooding through the signs of past flooding and flood inundation analysis for flooding expected in the future, and this has led to the development of various forms of disaster-related services by governments. However, each institution has its own individual scenarios for making maps for spatial expression. Therefore, the type of spatial information is not standardized and has many forms and structures. In this study, we attempted to design the metadata that would allow Inundation Map information to be shared and used in various fields. The international standard, ISO 19115, and the domestic standards, KS X ISO 19115, TTAS.IS - 19115 and TTAS.KO - 10.0139/R1 of TTA, were used in the design to derive an appropriate standard for comparative analysis by dividing into maintenance, constraints, metadata, spatial reference system, identification, and distribution. It is expected that inundation maps will be easier to utilize and distribute among institutions and private companies by systematically collecting and managing them through the metadata design based vector space information standard developed in this study.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2015

A least squares method for adjusting the horizontal network satisfies the conditions which is minimizing the sum of the squares of errors based on probability theory. This research compared accuracy of 3rd cadastral control points adjusted by traditional and least square method with respect to the result of Network-RTK. Test results showed the least square method more evenly distribute closure error than traditional method. Mean errors of least square and traditional adjusting method are 2.7cm, 2.2cm respectively. In addition, blunder in angle observations can be detected by comparing position errors which calculated by forward and backward initial coordinates. However, distance blunder cannot offer specific observation line occurred mistake because distance error propagates several observation lines which have similar directions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.91-103
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• 1998

The digital map data of national basemap which will be basic data of the information age is accomplished to produce and are ready to distribute to public. Generally, the quality of digital map is affected to data history, position accuracy, attribute accuracy, logical consistency and completeness. The quality of digital map Is assured to use basic data for the field of various appication. The purpose of this study is to develop automated qualify control program of digital map through analysis type of errors in digital mapping, to determine method of high quality digital mapping. As a results of this study, The automated quality control program of digital map is developed to assure logical consistency and completeness of digital map which is used to principal data in the field of GIS and is determined the process of high quality digital mapping. Also, the results of this study is contributed to quality assrence and accuracy improvement of national basemap digital mapping database.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.117-128
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• 1998

National digital maps (NDM) produced by diverse production methods through various stages are ready to distribute to public. The position accuracy problems in NDM should be inspected and evaluated to guarantee the quality of NDM. The purpose of this study is 1) to find out factors of impeding accuracy by examining the position accuracy of NDM on scales of 1:1,000 and 1:5,000, 2) to form the technical basis of making accurate digital maps and 3) to increase reliability and practical use of NDM. In this study, we found out 1) obstacles of making accurate mM especially in solving horizontal and vertical location accuracy problems and 2) error sources in production methods as well as stages. These results can be contributed to increase accuracy on modifying and upgrading NDM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2013

The aim of the present study is to enhance query speed of large 3D point cloud indexed in octree by parallel query using multi-cores. Especially, it is focused on developing methods of accessing multiple leaf nodes in octree concurrently to query points residing within a radius from a given coordinates. To the end, two parallel query methods are suggested using different strategies to distribute query overheads to each core: one using automatic division of 'for routines' in codes controlled by OpenMP and the other considering spatial division. Approximately 18 million 3D points gathered by a terrestrial laser scanner are indexed in octree and tested in a system with a 8-core CPU to evaluate the performances of a non-parallel and the two parallel methods. In results, the performances of the two parallel methods exceeded non-parallel one by several times and the two parallel rivals showed competing aspects confronting various query radii. Parallel query is expected to be accelerated by anticipated improvements of distribution strategies of query overhead to each core.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2000

Minimum magnitudes $(M_c)$ for estimation of seismicity parameters were analyzed for the earthquake catalog of Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA). The temporal variation of earthquake frequency suggests that a proper $M_c$ be 3.0 for the whole southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The b-value with $M_c$ of 3.0 is estimated to be 1.11, which is larger than those of the previous studies. To see the spatial variation of $M_c$, the southern part of the peninsula were divided into grids of $0.1{\times}0.1$ degree. At the greater portion of grid points, the local earthquake catalogs do not satisfy given statistical criteria. The grid points whose local earthquake catalogs meet the criteria mostly distribute in the eastern part. $M_c$ at these points range 2.4 to 3.5 and b values range 0.75 to 1.73 with the average of 1.08 which is comparable to that for the whole southern part of the peninsula.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.275-291
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• 2023

This paper has focused on presenting vibration analysis of trapezoidal sandwich plates with 3D-graphene foam reinforced polymer matrix composites (GrF-PMC) core and FG wavy CNT-reinforced face sheets. The porous graphene foam possessing 3D scaffold structures has been introduced into polymers for enhancing the overall stiffness of the composite structure. Also, 3D graphene foams can distribute uniformly or non-uniformly in the plate thickness direction. The effective Young's modulus, mass density and Poisson's ratio are predicted by the rule of mixture. In this study, the classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. The First-order shear deformation theory of plate is utilized to establish governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions for trapezoidal plate. The governing equations together with related boundary conditions are discretized using a mapping-generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method in spatial domain. Then natural frequencies of the trapezoidal sandwich plates are obtained using GDQ method. Validity of the current study is evaluated by comparing its numerical results with those available in the literature. It is explicated that 3D-GrF skeleton type and weight fraction, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness and CNT aspect ratio can significantly affect the vibrational behavior of the sandwich structure. The plate's normalized natural frequency decreased and the straight carbon nanotube (w=0) reached the highest frequency by increasing the values of the waviness index (w).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.59.2-59.2
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• 2020

Disks around protostars are the birthplace of planets. The first step toward planet formation is grain growth from ㎛-sized grains to mm/cm-sized grains in a disk, particularly in dense regions. In order to study whether grains grow and segregate at the protostellar stage, we investigate the ALMA Band 3 (3.1 mm) and 7 (0.87 mm) dust continuum observations of the protostellar disk WL 17 in ρ Ophiuchus L1688 cloud. As reported in a previous study, the Band 3 image shows substructures: a narrow ring and a large central hole. On the other hand, the Band 7 image shows different substructures: a non-axisymmetric ring and an off-center hole. The two-band observations provide a mean spectral index of 2.3, which suggests the presence of mm/cm-sized large grains. Its non-axisymmetric distribution may imply dust segregation between small and large grains. We perform radiative transfer modeling to examine the size and spatial distributions of dust grains in the WL 17 disk. The best-fit model suggests that large grains (>1 cm) exist in the disk, settling down toward the midplane, whereas small grains (~10 ㎛) well mixed with gas are distributed off-center and non-axisymmetrically in a thick layer. The low spectral index and the modeling results suggest that grains rapidly grow at the protostellar stage and that grains differently distribute depending on sizes, resulting in substructures varying with observed wavelengths. To understand the differential grain distributions and substructures, we discuss the effects of the protoplanet(s) expected inside the large hole and the possibility of gravitational instability.