• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine spatial characteristics of emergency department Chronologically through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, a total of eight emergency departments, one for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. The spatial maps of Space Syntax were employed for analyzing case studies. Results: The spatial configuration of emergency department has been changed from five or more emergency department specialties to four or less specialties such as psychiatric, pediatrics, emergency, and trauma. In the case of care initiation area, the concentrated arrangement mode was switched from the distributed arrangement mode. The spatial maps indicate that it can be seen that the tree structure changes to an annular structure emphasizing the connection between the spaces in the emergency department. This shows that the space efficiency, safe, visual control and flexibility in the planning of the emergency department are important factors affecting the spatial structure of the emergency department. Implications: In the future, it is expected that Korean emergency department will be more focused on efficiency, safe, visual control, and flexibility in the planning as in the case studies of the United States.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 측지기준점의 개선에 대하여 소개하였다. 개선의 내용은 기준점의 구조와 정확도에 중점을 두어 설명하였으며, 구조의 경우 3차원 기준점으로 변화하면서 정확도, 포함 정보, 그리고 기준점의 위계에 대하여 서술하였다. 정확도의 개선은 위성측지 기술의 발달과 정밀지오이드를 기반을 주 내용으로 하고 있으며, 기준점의 개념은 위치뿐 만 아니라 중력, 환경정보와 같은 다양한 공간정보를 포함하여 전반적인 정보의 분석이 가능한 점이 강조되었다. 또한 RFID와 CDMA 기술을 이용한 공간정보의 효율성과 신속성을 소개하였다. 이러한 모든 노력으로 한국의 측지망은 보다 정확하고 다양한 공간정보를 효율적으로 전달할 수 있을 것이라 판단되며 이러한 개선이 측지 기준점의 역할과 미래의 방향에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2017

A smart tuned mass damper (TMD) was developed to provide better control performance than a passive TMD for reduction of earthquake induced-responses. Because a passive TMD was developed decades ago, optimal design methods for structural parameters of a TMD, such as damping constant and stiffness, have been developed already. However, studies of optimal design method for structural parameters of a smart TMD were little performed to date. Therefore, parameter studies of structural properties of a smart TMD were conducted in this paper to develop optimal design method of a smart TMD under seismic excitation. A retractable-roof spatial structure was used as an example structure. Because dynamic characteristics of a retractable-roof spatial structure is changed based on opened or closed roof condition, control performance of smart TMD under off-tuning was investigated. Because mass ratio of TMD and smart TMD mainly affect control performance, variation of control performance due to mass ratio was investigated. Parameter studies of structural properties of a smart TMD was performed to find optimal damping constant and stiffness and it was compared with the results of optimal passive TMD design method. The design process developed in this study is expected to be used for preliminary design of a smart TMD for a retractable-roof spatial structure.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2008

The aim of this paper is to report our preliminary results of investigating the spatial focalization of Zen-meditation EEG (electroencephalograph) in alpha band (8-13 Hz). For comparison, the study involved two groups of subjects, practitioners (experimental group) and non-practitioners (control group). To extract EEG alpha rhythm, wavelet analysis was applied to multi-channel EEG signals. Normalized alpha-power vectors were then constructed from spatial distribution of alpha powers, that were classified by Fuzzy C-means based algorithm to explore various brain spatial characteristics during meditation (or, at rest). Optimal number of clusters was determined by correlation coefficients of the membership-value vectors of each cluster center. Our results show that, in the experimental group, the incidence of frontal alpha activity varied in accordance with the meditation stage. The results demonstrated three different spatiotemporal modules consisting with three distinctive meditation stages normally recognized by meditation practitioners. The frontal alpha activity in two groups decreased in different ways. Particularly, monotonic decline was observed in the control group, and the experimental group showed increasing results. The phenomenon might imply various mechanisms employed by meditation and relaxation in modulating parietal alpha.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2018

Post-earthquake damages investigation in past and recent earthquakes has illustrated that the ground motion spatial variation plays an important role in the structural response of long span bridges. For the structural control of seismic-induced vibrations of cable-stayed bridges, it is extremely important to include the effects of the ground motion spatial variation in the analysis for design of an effective control system. The feasibility and efficiency of different vibration control strategies for the cable-stayed bridge under multiple support excitations have been examined to enhance a structure's ability to withstand earthquake excitations. Comparison of the response due to non-uniform input ground motion with that due to uniform input demonstrates the importance of accounting for spatial variability of excitations. The performance of the optimized designed control systems for uniform input excitations gets worse dramatically over almost all of the evaluation criteria under multiple-support excitations.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2000

For free motions, vibration suppression of flexible manipulators has been one of the hottest research topics. However, for constrained motions, a little effort has been devoted for vibration suppression control. Using the dependency of elastic deflections of links on contact force under static conditions, vibrations for constrained planar two-link flexible manipulators have been suppressed successfully by controlling the contact force. However, for constrained spatial multi-link flexible manipulators, the vibrations cannot be suppressed by only controlling the contact force. So, the aim of this paper is to clarify the vibration mechanism of a constrained, multi-DOF, flexible manipulator and to devise the suppression method. We apply a concise hybrid position/force control scheme to control a flexible manipulator modeled by lumped-parameter modeling method. Finally, a comparison between simulation and experimental results is presented to show the performance of our method.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.269-272
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• 2009

The environment of Ubiquitous in terms of improvement is being expanded to various fields and time enabled system. Thus, a real-time spatial information management system has been developed by integrating a human movement detection system into a SICS(Spatial Information Control System) engine that can integrally manage inside spatial information extracted from 3D CAD and outside spatial information of GIS. The add-on program was developed to extract spatial information necessary for the SICS engine from 3D CAD information, and a human movement detection system was developed. Test bed was operated for 2weeks and indoor human flow information was found out by zone. Also, the direction of future research was decided through a test bed.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2000

Photochemical air quality models are essential tools in predicting future air quality and assessing air pollution control strategies. To evaluate air quality using a photochemical air quality model, emission inventories are important inputs to these models. Since most emission inventories are provided at a county-level, these emission inventories need to be geographically allocated to the computational grid cells of the model prior to running the model. The conventional method for the spatial allocation of these emissions uses "spatial surrogate indicators", such as population for mobile source emissions and county area for biogenic source emissions. In order to examine the applicability of such approximations, more detailed spatial surrogate indicators were developed using Geographic Information System(GIS) tools to improve the spatial allocation of mobile and boigenic source emissions, The proposed spatial surrogate indicators appear to be more appropriate than conventional spatial surrogate indicators in allocating mobile and biogenic source emissions. However, they did not provide a substantial improvement in predicting ground-level ozone(O3) concentrations. As for the carbon monoxide(CO) concentration predictions, certain differences between the conventional and new spatial allocation methods were found, yet a detailed model performance evaluation was prevented due to a lack of sufficient observed data. The use of the developed spatial surrogate indicators led to higher O3 and CO concentration estimates in the biogenic source emission allocation than in the mobile source emission allocation.llocation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2004

In this paper, we explore the utility of recently discovered multiple-antenna techniques (namely MIMO techniques) for medium access control (MAC) design and routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Specifically, we focus on ad hoc networks where the spatial diversity technique is used to combat fading and achieve robustness in the presence of user mobility. We first examine the impact of spatial diversity on the MAC design, and devise a MIMO MAC protocol accordingly. We then develop analytical methods to characterize the corresponding saturation throughput for MIMO multi-hop networks. Building on the throughout analysis, we study the impact of MIMO MAC on routing. We characterize the optimal hop distance that minimizes the end-to-end delay in a large network. For completeness, we also study MAC design using directional antennas for the case where the channel has a strong line of sight (LOS) component. Our results show that the spatial diversity technique and the directional antenna technique can enhance the performance of mobile ad hoc networks significantly.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.437-448
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• 2011

A robotic spatial augmented reality (RSAR) system combines a robotics technology with a spatial augmented reality system (SAR) where cameras are used to recognize real objects and projectors augment information and user interface directly on the surface of the recognized objects, rather than relying on handheld display devices. Moreover, a robotic module is actively used to discover and utilize the context of users and environments. The control of a RSAR system involves several issues from different technical fields such as classical inverse kinematics of motors where projector-camera pairs are mounted, inverse projection problems to find appropriate internal/external parameters of projectors and cameras, and image warping in graphics pipeline to compensate the kinematic constraints. In this paper, we investigate various control issues related to a RSAR system and propose basic approaches to handle them, specially focused on the prototype RSAR system developed in ETRI.