• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.149-164
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study is to construct a rural development strategy from the nexus between spatial changes in specialized crops and suitable cultivation area of the crops. This paper pays particular attention to identify product life cycle of specialized crops in rural areas and estimate the impact of climate change on alterations in spatial distribution of the crops. In order to do so, first of all, this study applies multi-level model (Random coefficient model) to estimate the regional coefficient of five orchard crops. It utilizes the data 1995 to 2010 Korea Agricultural Census. Futhermore, it also adopts overlay analysis by ArcGIS to identify the development path of the crops and the relationship with climate change. Based on the results, it suggests a mechanism activating regional agriculture. The findings propose re-searching and relocating specialized regions of the crops. Especially, it proves each rural area can drive the new agricultural strategy to strengthen regional agriculture by estimating the relationship between development of specialized crops and suitable cultivation areas. For instance, shifting specialized crops in particular regions and enriching genetic or species varieties can be primary measures and it will contribute to improve the reliable base for income sources in the rural communities. This paper also offers specific policy implications regarding rural development plans in response to crops' life cycle and climate changes.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2023

Recently, following the development of LIDAR technology which can detect distance from the object, the interest for LIDAR based 3D object detection network is getting higher. Previous networks generate inaccurate localization results due to spatial information loss during voxelization and downsampling. In this study, we propose an attention-based convergence method and a camera-LIDAR convergence system to acquire high-level features and high positional accuracy. First, by introducing the attention method into the Voxel-RCNN structure, which is a grid-based 3D object detection network, the multi-scale sparse 3D convolution feature is effectively fused to improve the performance of 3D object detection. Additionally, we propose the late-fusion mechanism for fusing outcomes in 3D object detection network and 2D object detection network to delete false positive. Comparative experiments with existing algorithms are performed using the KITTI data set, which is widely used in the field of autonomous driving. The proposed method showed performance improvement in both 2D object detection on BEV and 3D object detection. In particular, the precision was improved by about 0.54% for the car moderate class compared to Voxel-RCNN.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.245-263
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• 1997

Housing market is segmented through 1) housing supply classified by housing characteristics and 2) housing demand classified by different housing opportunity of household. Moreover, neighborhood plays a role in intensifying housing market segmentation as a factor affecting on decision making relevant to housing supply and demand. while segmented housing markets have different mechanism, existing studies on residential differentiation and housing market have overlooked the characteristic differences among housing submarkets as the studies presume metropolitan housing market to be a single housing market. while the concept of 'residential differentiation' pays much attention on spatial pattern after the ecological approach appeared, the concept of ‘housing submarkets' is explanatory of the process of urban space structure formation. Analysis on housing submarkets makes up for the weak points of the behavioral approach inquiring into socio-economic constraint and different housing opportunity of household.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.742-749
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• 2002

Numerical Study with detailed chemistry has been conducted to investigate the flame structure and NOx formation characteristics in oxygen -enhanced(CH$_4$/O$_2$-$N_2$) and oxygen-enhanced-EGR(CH$_4$/O$_2$-$CO_2$) counter diffusion flame with various strain rates. A small amount of $N_2$is included in oxygen-enhanced-EGR combustion, in order to consider the inevitable $N_2$contamination by $O_2$production process or air infiltration. The results are as follows : In CH$_4$/O$_2$-$CO_2$flame it is very important to adopt a radiation effect precisely because the effect of radiation changes flame structure significantly. In CH$_4$/O$_2$-$N_2$flame special strategy to minimize NO emission is needed because it is very sensitive to a small amount of $N_2$. Special attention is needed on CO emission by flame quenching, because of increased CO concentration. Spatial NO production rate of oxygen-enhanced combustion is different from that of air and oxygen-enhanced-EGR combustion in that thermal mechanism plays a role of destruction as well as production. In case CH$_4$/O$_2$-$CO_2$flame contains more than 40% $CO_2$it is possible to maintain the same EINO as that of CH$_4$/Air flame with accomplishing higher temperature than that of CH$_4$/Air flame. EINO decreases with increasing strain rate, and those effects are augmented in CH$_4$/O$_2$flame.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.185-190
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• 2001

Numerical Study with detailed chemistry has been conducted to investigate the flame structure and NOx formation characteristics in oxygen-enhanced$(CH_4/O_2-N_2)$ and oxygen-enhanced-EGR$(CH_4/O_2-CO_2)$ counter diffusion flame with various strain rates. A small amount of $N_2$ is included in oxygen-enhanced-EGR combustion, in order to consider the inevitable $N_2$ contamination by $O_2$ production process or air infiltration. The results are as follows : In $CH_4/O_2-CO_2$ flame it is very important to adopt a radiation effect precisely because the effect of radiation changes flame structure significantly. In $CH_4/O_2-N_2$ flame special strategy to minimize NO emission is needed because it is very sensitive to a small amount of $N_2$. Special attention is needed on CO emission by flame quenching, because of increased CO concentration. Spatial NO production rate of oxygen-enhanced combustion is different from that of air and oxygen-enhanced-EGR combustion in that thermal mechanism plays a role of destruction as well as production. In case $CH_4/O_2-CO_2$ flame contains more than 40% $CO_2$ it is possible to maintain the same EINO as that of $CH_4/Air$ flame with accomplishing higher temperature than that of $CH_4/Air$ flame. EINO decreases with increasing strain rate, and those effects are augmented in $CH_4/O_2$ flame. Complementary study is needed with extending the range of strain rate variation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.473-493
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• 2012

Malaria infection is sensitively influenced by regional meteorological conditions along with global climate change. Remote sensing techniques have become an important tool for extraction of climatic and environmental factors, including rainfall, temperature, surface water, soil moisture, and land use, which are directly linked to the habitat qualities of malaria mosquitoes. Improvement of sensor fidelity with higher spatial and spectral resolution, new multinational sensor development, and decreased data cost have nurtured diverse remote sensing applications in malaria research. In 1984, eradication of endemic malaria was declared in Korea, but reemergence of malaria was reported in mid-1990s. Considering constant changes in malaria cases since 2000, the epidemiological management of the disease needs careful monitoring. Geographically, northmost counties neighboring North Korea have been ranked high in the number of malaria cases. High infection rates in these areas drew special attention and led to a hypothesis that malaria dispersion in these border counties might be caused by north-origin, malaria-bearing adult mosquitoes. Habitat conditions of malaria mosquitoes are important parameters for prediction of the vector abundance. However, it should be realized that malaria infection and transmission is a complex mechanism, where non-environmental factors, including human behavior, demographic structure, landscape structure, and spatial relationships between human residence and the vector habitats, are also significant considerations in the framework of medical geography.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.442-458
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• 2008

This paper aims to examine the ways in which project-based organizations (PBOs) are embedded in social networks and geographical clustering in the case of TV drama industry. PBOs refer to a variety of temporary organizational forms for the performance of tasks as to integrate diverse and specialized intellectual resources. PEOs as a flexible and innovative mode of organizing knowledge resources are becoming increasingly worthy of attention in emerging the creative economy. Evidence from interviews with core persons of PEOs like producers, directors, and writers reveals that the key operational mechanism of the project form of organization is based on the highly socialized networks via individual's reputation and past experiences. In other words, the project activity in TV drama is embedded in networks which are socially constructed. Also the geographical clustering plays an important role in PBOs and project practices in TV drama are constructed around a high degree of spatial clustering. PBOs are clustering in Kang-nam and Yeouido, where are located in independent production companies and broadcasting stations. It means that the project formation in TV drama requires geographically-clustered networks of human resources, and socially, culturally and geographically embedded latent networks of interpersonal relationships are a necessary condition of POBs in the TV drama industry.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 1991

This paper descibes the study of application of a modified Neocognitron model with backward path for the recognition of Hangul(Korean) syllabic characters. In this original report, Fukushima demonstrated that Neocognitron can recognize hand written numerical characters of $19{\times}19$ size. This version accepts $61{\times}61$ images of handwritten Hangul syllabic characters or a part thereof with a mouse or with a scanner. It consists of an input layer and 3 pairs of Uc layers. The last Uc layer of this version, recognition layer, consists of 24 planes of $5{\times}5$ cells which tell us the identity of a grapheme receiving attention at one time and its relative position in the input layer respectively. It has been trained 10 simple vowel graphemes and 14 simple consonant graphemes and their spatial features. Some patterns which are not easily trained have been trained more extrensively. The trained nerwork which can classify indivisual graphemes with possible deformation, noise, size variance, transformation or retation wre then used to recongnize Korean syllabic characters using its selective attention mechanism for image segmentation task within a syllabic characters. On initial sample tests on input characters our model could recognize correctly up to 79%of the various test patterns of handwritten Korean syllabic charactes. The results of this study indeed show Neocognitron as a powerful model to reconginze deformed handwritten charavters with big size characters set via segmenting its input images as recognizable parts. The same approach may be applied to the recogition of chinese characters, which are much complex both in its structures and its graphemes. But processing time appears to be the bottleneck before it can be implemented. Special hardware such as neural chip appear to be an essestial prerquisite for the practical use of the model. Further work is required before enabling the model to recognize Korean syllabic characters consisting of complex vowels and complex consonants. Correct recognition of the neighboring area between two simple graphemes would become more critical for this task.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-52
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• 2006

There has been a claim that Interaction between the cerebral hemispheres could reduce the effect interfering information (Weissman & Banich, 1999). We ran three experiments to show that between-hemisphere separation of target and distractor could be more effective for reducing interference than Interaction between the hemispheres. In experiment 1, a colored box and a rotor name were presented to a single or to separate hemispheres. In experiment 2 and 3, a colored circle (distractor) was presented along with a colored box and a color name which was always printed in black. In experiment 3, a peripheral cue was presented either to the target location(66.7%) or to the distractor location(33.3%) Immediately before the presentation of stimuli. In all experiments, the participants were asked to deride whether the moaning of the color matched the rotor of the box, Ignoring the printed rotor of the word(Exp. 1), or the color of the circle(Exp. 2 & 3). There were three renditions of distractor (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) and two conditions of matching (between- and within-hemisphere matching). If interhemispheric interaction were effective for interference reduction, there should be a decrease in the interference in the between-hemisphere compared to the within-hemisphere matching condition. The results showed that there was no difference in the interference between the two matching conditions in Exp 1. In Exp 2 and in the target-cue renditions of Exp. 3, the amount of interference in the between-hemisphere condition was greater than that in the within-hemisphere condition. These findings are consistent with what we have previously reported (Sohn et al., 1996, Sohn & Lee, 2003). However, when the distractor was precued in Exp. 3, the amount of interference did not differ between the two marching conditions. These results suggest that between-hemisphere separation of target and distractor can be more effective for reducing response interference than interhemispheric communication. It implies a possible role of an interhemispheric shielding mechanism (Merola & Liederman, 1985) to prevent the transfer of task-irrelevant, harmful information across the hemispheres.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.275-292
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• 2019

This study was initiated with the attention of demanding new and diverse approaches, we're talking familiar with imitations in the design process like a way to draw a image. So I studied a convergence of humanities and visual arts with the understanding and conceptual approach of the formless. The purpose of this study is to develop formless languages and to organize practical courses which are to enable deeper research and design expression on theoretical approaches and explanations of outcomes required before and after the process when we practice in connection with the formless. The method of this study is to draw detailed items from selected words through advanced researches, work and author researches and practice teaching. The results of the study I proposed the formless language that is related to the horizontality in spatial positioning system, and pulse in the separation of space and time, and entropy in structural orders of the system, and base materialism in the limitation of matter as the operating mechanism and parent item of formless. And those elements are related with shape, size, shading, color, texture, space, structure as visual elements of formative elements and those have various adjectival meanings as the subordinate concept. So I presented an education materials of basic design which is to enable understanding and expressing the formless language in the overall process of formless visual art(theoretical approach, practice course, presentation, etc.). Based on these study results, I hope that this educational materials will be used as educational contents that makes them express and understand different new beauties, and a role that reveals social identity, and a reference for research on a formless visual arts.