• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

Accessibility is the generalized definition on how ease of access. Accessibility is used to appraise transportation project such as capturing the quality of the existing state of the transportation system at diverse spatial levels, It also reflects on the effect of improvements to the existing travel modes and the intoduction of new modes. The overall goal of this study is to propose a measure of urban accessibility in Seoul which can analyze various behavior of travelers in the city and to present applications. In this study, we apply measures of accessibility which are developed by CTR(The Center for Transportation Research, the University of Texas at Austin) to construct the urban accessibility index applicable for explaining trip behavior in Seoul. We evaluate sustainability of urban transport system in Seoul in 2002 by using the MAG(Modal Accessibility GaP) index which is developed to measure the accessibility gap between the more energy-efficient mode and less energy-efficient mode of transport. By analyzing the change of MAG index between 2002 and 2004 based on network data, we show how the public transportation system reform affect the sustainability in transport system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

Current medical delivery system in Korea has been distinguished into three types; primary medical facilities, secondary facilities, and tertiary facilities since 1989. This system prevents the waste of medical resources along with the maintenance of balance according to the medical treatment subjects. However, it is inevitable that the imbalance of the medical services among regions has been generated due to the concentration of the medical facilities on large cities. In this regard, this study attempted to evaluate the quality of the primary medical services, emphasizing accessibility and convenience targeting Jinju city, a small and medium-sized city, based on the distribution characteristics of the space. The study results show that cohesion index about the spatial distribution of the primary care facilities was 0~0.25. It conducted a correlation analysis between the location of the hospitals and users, based on the study results. Finally, it is demonstrated the correlation between the location of the hospitals and users tended to be low, while, the cohesion of the Oriental medicine clinics was high in other treatment subjects, and the accessibility to the Oriental medicine clinics was the highest because most Oriental medicine clinics were distributed to the places where users were many. However, on account that the locations of the medical facilities and users were varied in other treatment subjects except for the Oriental medicine clinics, problems were generated in terms of the accessibility. Therefore, it is judged that the preparation of the measures to improve the selection of lots in consideration of users, who use the primary medical services, is required.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 2017

With the intensification of urban development in Chinese cities, mixed land use in urban centers extends vertically into 3-D and expands its scale from a single building to commercial clusters. The multi-level pedestrian system in city centers also changed its role from one of traffic isolation to spatial integration, where transit nodes, street sidewalks, squares, building entrances, atriums, and corridors are interconnected, both horizontally and vertically, into a whole spatial system, within which pedestrian flows are guided and shopping facilities are arranged. This paper uses spatial configuration analysis of space syntax to examine the impacts of spatial patterns on movement distribution and the business performance of tenant mix in the multi-level commercial system of the Nanshan Commercial Cultural District in Shenzhen, China. The key objective is to better understand the interactions between the socio-economic variables and spatial design parameters of a shopping complex. The research findings point to the importance of multiplicity between syntactic variables and other spatial variables in influencing the pedestrian flows, business performance and tenant mix in highly complex commercial systems. Particularly noteworthy is the relationship between spatial accessibility measures and the location of escalators, and the ways in which individual commercial buildings are embedded into the overall spatial system. The study suggests that this may lead to the preliminary identification of the spatial qualities of effective vertical extensions of mixed land use in a high-density urban settings.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.189-210
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• 2022

Cities around the world have paid attention to public transportation as an alternative to reducing traffic congestion caused by automobile usage, excessive energy consumption, and environmental pollution. This study measures accessibility to subway stations in Seoul using a supply-demand-based accessibility technique. Then, the impacts were analyzed through land prices by use and segment. As a result of analysis using the multilevel hedonic price models, accessibility considering both supply and demand for the subway had a positive effect on both residential and non-residential land prices. The effect was stronger for residential than for non-residential. Further, among the accessibility measured by the three functions, the accessibility by the Exponential function was most suitable for the residential land price, and the accessibility measured by the Power function for the non-residential land price had the highest explanatory power. Also, looking at the impacts by land price segments, it was found that higher access to metro stations had the greatest positive impacts on the most expensive segment of residential and non-residential land prices. The results of this study can be applied not only to identify the impacts of public investment on neighborhoods, but also to support real estate valuation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.29-58
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• 2022

Recently, Korea has been experiencing a problem of population decline, therefore the transition to a compact spatial structure is being urged. However, what is required is not just physical compression, but a compact city that also considers connectivity, in view of the changes in today's demographic and industrial structure. From this point of view, this study measures the compressibility of domestic cities suffering from extinction risk due to low birth rates, aging population, and population decline, and examined the spatial structure characteristics. In addition to the compressibility evaluation index used in previous studies, the compressibility of six indicators (population, land use, service accessibility, transport accessibility, connectivity, and concentration) was compared and analyzed, and a comprehensive compression index was calculated. The analysis results, based on the comprehensive compression index, classified 2.3% cities in the first grade, 4.6% in the second grade, 16.09% in the third grade, 43.68% in the fourth grade, and 33.33% in the fifth grade areas. Currently, the urban characteristics affecting the compactness index differ from region to region. Therefore, it is necessary to establish measures and policies for extinction risk considering the influence of each region's compactness index. This study is meaningful in that connectivity was considered using spatial syntax, and the compactness of cities at risk of extinction was compared and analyzed quantitatively. It is expected that this study will be used as basic data to establish the direction and action strategy for extinction risk cities.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2011

Access to health care is complicated to define. It is a multidimensional process. In addition to the matters of quality of care, geographical accessibility and availability of the right type of care, finance, and acceptability are all involved. The purposes of this paper are to measure the geographic distances between patient residency locations and health service organizations in which the patients hadvisited, and to investigate the association between geographical distance measures and variables involved in health service utilization. The study used the first and the second wave of the 2008 Korea Health Panel Survey. The samples of analyses were patients who had visited outpatient or used ambulatory health services, and the total observations (visit numbers) analyzed were 229,128. We divided the samples into a frequent-visit illness group (Group 1) and a non-frequent visit illness group (Group 2) based on over 5,000 total visit numbers. We exploited three level analyses using xtmixed of STATA${\Box}$ 11.1 command with/without interaction terms among age, sex, and occupation. Geographical distances were measured using the Haversine method. Group 1 was tended to older and lower equivalent income than those of Group 2, but the geographic difference were not observed in terms of area deprivation index and standard mortality ratios. Amongst group 1, diabetes mellitus patients travelled far to visit health care organizations, and arthritis patients were more deprived in terms of the personal and areal characteristics. The study revealed that residents in rural areas traveled about 10 times more long distances than those whom lived in larger cities after adjusting for various variables, which we used for analyses. This study contributed to the practical understanding of health service utilizations using empirical analyses, and found that the types of diseases and socioeconomic characteristics of patients tended to define the amount of travel distance to healthcare organizations.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the location characteristics of the rice paddy fields and to predict shrinking areas of them. The study area is in South Korea nationwide, and a 300×300m raster level is adopted as a spatial analysis unit. The binary logit model and spatial simulation model are employed for the analyses. As a result, population, industry, climate and nature, and accessibility play a significant role in determining rice paddy fields' locations. It is predicted that the shrinking rate will be high in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do until 2027. The hot spots are intensively shaped in the inland of Gangwon-do, eastern parts of Gyeonggi-do, and the borders of Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollabuk-do between Charyeong and Sobaek mountain ranges. Using Gimcheon-si as an example, the study suggests fundamental policy implications for taking advantage of the simulation results from the lens of local agriculture. Several policy measures are proposed for improving management strategies for the rice paddy fields in the long run.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.457-467
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• 2021

This paper aims to analyze changes in urban space use due to social distancing measures for COVID-19 using de facto population data in Seoul during daytime, which is estimated by Seoul Metropolitan Government and telecommunication company of KT using public big data and LTE signal data. The result of kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the distribution patterns of de facto population in 2019 and 2020 were generally similar. This is a result of showing that the government's social distancing measures enabled a certain level of normal activities while suppressing the spread of COVID-19. However, analyzing de facto population subtracting 2019 from 2020 showed different results at the micro level. De facto population decreased in commercial areas but increased in residential areas. This means that COVID-19 social distancing measures had spatially uneven effect. The results of analyzing the effect of regional, land use, economic, educational, and accessibility characteristics on the changes of de facto population using spatial regression analysis are as follows. The higher the density of commercial facilities, the more businesses subject to regulations and schools and universities that require non-face-to-face classes, the more de facto population decreased. Conversely, it was found that de facto population increased in areas with many houses and parks due to telecommuting.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 2011

This research is based on the environmental psychology model of Albert Mehrabian & JAMES a. Russell. The purpose of this research is to search a method of planning a spatial image improving the degree of access that is audience's dependent response to a display space image of a museum for children. A museum for children is the place for education with experience and its main audience is children and parents. It indicates with a basis of the environmental psychology model that a designer needs to consider the emotional response of children and parents in designing the space. The space design starts from a plan of space image that is delivered to audience through the five senses. Image on the space means visual image as people acquire information mostly through the sense of sight. Visual image consists of shape, the feel of a material, and color that is the most influential factor to the sensibility of audience. Therefore, firstly, this research measures the degree of audience's approach and avoidence on image of display space. In addition, this research suggests the improvement method by analyzing differences on the access of each space and audience based on visual image. Secondly, four factors are extracted through factor analysis based on the result of adjective survey result.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.805-814
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• 2012

Most hydrologic data are obtained by ground observations. New observation methods are needed for some regions to overcome difficulties in accessibility and durability of long-term observation. In 2002, NASA launched twin satellites named GRACE which were designed to measure the gravitational field of the earth. Using the GRACE monthly gravity level-2 data, we calculated terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) of the Korean peninsula in various spatial smoothing radii (0 km, 300 km, 500 km). For the validation of GRACE-based TWSC, we compared it with land-based TWSC which was obtained using the ground observation data: precipitation and evaporation from WAMIS, and runoff from GLDAS. According to the mean square-error test, GRACE-based TWSC best fits the land-based one at 500 km smoothing radius. The variation of the terrestrial water storage in the Korean peninsula turned out to be 0.986 cm/month, which means that appropriate measures should be prepared for sustainable water resources management.