• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2004

A spatial interpolation scheme incorporating local geographic potential for cold air accumulation (TOPSIM) was used to test the feasibility of operational frost warning in Chatancheon basin in Yeoncheon County, where the introduction of new crops including temperate zone fruits is planned. Air temperature from April to June 2003 was measured at one-minute intervals at four locations within the basin. Cold-air accumulation potentials (CAP) at 4 sites were calculated for 3 different catchment scales: a rectangular area of 65 x 55 km which covers the whole county, the KOWACO (Korea Water Corporation) hydrologic unit which includes all 4 sites, and the sub-basins delineated by a stream network analysis of the digital elevation model. Daily minimum temperatures at 4 sites were calculated by interpolating the perfect prognosis (i.e., synoptic observations at KMA Dongducheon station) based on TOPSIM with 3 different CAPs. Mean error, mean absolute error, and root mean square error were calculated for 45 days with no precipitation to test the model performance. For the 3 flat locations, little difference was detected in model performance among 3 catchment areas, but the best performance was found with the CAPs calculated for sub-basins at one site (Oksan) on complex terrain. When TOPSIM loaded with sub-basin CAPs was applied to Oksan to predict frost events during the fruit flowering period in 2004, the goodness of fit was sufficient for making an operational frost warning system for mountainous areas.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.422-433
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• 2015

In this paper, we demonstrate inter-layer prediction tools for scalable video coders. The proposed scalable coder is designed to support not only spatial, quality and temporal scalabilities, but also view scalability. In addition, we propose quad-tree inter-layer prediction tools to improve coding efficiency at enhancement layers. The proposed inter-layer prediction tools generate texture prediction signal with exploiting texture, syntaxes, and residual information from a reference layer. Furthermore, the tools can be used with inter and intra prediction blocks within a large coding unit. The proposed framework guarantees the rate distortion performance for a base layer because it does not have any compulsion such as constraint intra prediction. According to experiments, the framework supports the spatial scalable functionality with about 18.6%, 18.5% and 25.2% overhead bits against to the single layer coding. The proposed inter-layer prediction tool in multi-loop decoding design framework enables to achieve coding gains of 14.0%, 5.1%, and 12.1% in BD-Bitrate at the enhancement layer, compared to a single layer HEVC for all-intra, low-delay, and random access cases, respectively. For the single-loop decoding design, the proposed quad-tree inter-layer prediction can achieve 14.0%, 3.7%, and 9.8% bit saving.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

Modular buildings are constructed by assembling modular units which are prefabricated in a factory and delivered to the site. However, due to a problem of noise between floors, concrete slab is usually poured at the top or bottom level of a modular unit in Korea. This greatly increases the weight of buildings, but designing vertical members of modular units to resist overall gravity loads is very inefficient. In this study, considering domestic building construction practices, feasible structural systems for tall modular buildings are proposed in which separate steel frames and reinforced concrete core walls are designed to resist gravity and lateral loads. To verify performance, a three-dimensional structural analysis has been performed with two types of prototype buildings, i.e., a residential building and a hotel. From the results, wind-induced lateral displacements and seismic story drifts are examined and compared with their limit values. Between the two kinds of buildings, the efficiency of the proposed system is also evaluated through a comparison of the weight of structural components. Finally, the effect of a floor diaphragm on the overall behavior is analyzed and discussed.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.402-416
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• 2013

본 논문은 1985년부터 2010년까지 수도권 고령인구의 공간적 분포 패턴의 변화를 고령화수준에 따라 파악하고, 이와 관련하여 2010년 시점에서 고령자 가구의 주거 특성을 해석하고자 한 것이다. 고령화수준은 고령화지역, 고령지역, 초고령지역으로 구분하여 고찰하였으며, 고령자 가구의 주거 특성은 주택유형, 주택점유형태, 주택연한 등의 변수를 이용하여 해석하였다. 수도권의 고령화는 서울과 인접하지 않은 수도권 외곽지역부터 진행되었다. 서울과 인천은 고령화가 도심부에서부터 외곽으로 진행되는 경향을 보인다. 고령자 가구는 자가 소유의 단독주택에서, 그리고 건축 연한이 20년 이상인 주택에 거주하는 비율이 높았으며, 수도권의 외곽지역으로 갈수록 이런 주거 특성이 강하다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

This study attempts to understand the arrangement and spatial requisites of art pieces by materializing the visitors' path of movement in the exhibition space, as well as researching their behavior. The purpose of the research is to the guideline for planning the exhibition layout and visitors' circulation can be derived in order to correspond to the visitors' characteristic of movement and circulation-path choice. Although such guideline may have limited use, it is still significant enough to be studied. Taking three Korean art galleries as the subjects of research, this study observes the arrangement of art pieces, movement path of visitors, characteristics of the visitors' behavior and the duration time a visitor takes to view an art piece without moving around in order to understand the arrangement and spatial requisites of art pieces which correspond to the visitors' behavior. The following results have been drawn in this research and analysis; First, when there is an island type exhibition other than the ordinary on-the-wall display in the exhibition space, the visitors' choice of path changes. In short, an island type exhibition seems to be a factor that changes the visitors' path. Second, in the entrance of an exhibition space unit, most of the visitors seem to choose a path which moves counter-clockwise. Third, it is considered that well-known art pieces or art pieces with a big size shall not be displayed on the comer of the exhibition room.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2017

The regional trauma center should be a trauma treatment center equipped with facilities, equipments, and manpower capable of providing optimal treatment from emergency surgery to a severely traumatized patient upon arrival at the hospital. In order to establish a medical system for effective severe diseases, it is necessary to prepare architectural planning guidelines for the regional trauma centers. This study analyzes the connectivity, control, integration, and mean depth of current trauma centers using the convex map of space syntax, And to provide basic data for building for more efficient regional trauma center. The major areas that must be included in the regional trauma center are trauma resuscitation room, trauma operating room, trauma intensive care unit, and trauma general ward. It is necessary to carry out the architectural planning to increase the interconnection of the four areas. Also, the elevator plan for trauma patients should be emphasized. In addition, a regional trauma center should be separated from the existing facility for independent operation. According to the case analysis of the space configuration of the regional trauma center, the location of the operating room is most important considering the connection with each department of the hospital and the treatment flow of the severe trauma patients.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2011

The correlation between the temporal and spatial variations of the elastic constant and temperature change was examined for a light guide plate (LGP) adopted in the edge-lit light-emitting-diode backlight for mobile applications, using the micro- Brillouin light scattering method. The velocity of sound and the elastic constant $C_{11}$ of an LGP made from bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) were investigated as functions of temperature, time, and position on the LGP. The temporal variation of $C_{11}$ exhibited an exponential decay, while the spatial variation of $C_{11}$ reflected the temperature distribution on the LGP. The glass transition temperature of the PC LGP was found to be located at $155^{\circ}C$. The result showed that systematic transformation between the elastic property and the temperature is possible and that the temperature distribution on the bulk LGP can be accurately probed via the present experiment method, without using any special temperature measurement equipment.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

A house is basic unit of human being living space and it reflects an occupation, family relation, a life style and sense of value of resident. The purpose of this study was to research the continuity of traditional elements and contemporary change of Japanese houses by field study and literature research. The subject of this study was sixteen houses of Miyashiro, Saitama pref. in Japan. The results of this study are as follow as. First, the traditional elements of contemporary Japanese houses are tatami floor room, tsuzukima, zashiki, dokonoma, butsudan, amado. Second, the tatami is symbol of Japanese living space. Wasizus maintains a traditional characteristic, but it is developed and fixed properly change in contemporary life. Third, the traditional elements of Japanese houses are continuing in the modern houses, and they are continuously changed the feature from recreate. It can be a connection of a hereditary factor of residential culture. Four, the continuity of modern change and traditional element of the Japanese houses can be understood the change of the structural and spatial responding method to accommodates a life.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to develop a new method for evaluation of stream naturalness in order to appraise and prescribe for streams effectively in the process of ecological restoration of stream corridors. The results are as follows : 1) For this purpose six factors were selected on considering the spatial axes of stream corridor variation and total 20 descriptors about the physical structure were selected. 2) The calculation of S.N.I. for each segment was consisted of three steps, such as calculation of S.N.I.s of the individual descriptors, averaging all the descriptors's for each factor, and finally averaging the factors's for the Total S.N.I. 3) The evaluation unit was decided to be 100m size. The score system ranging 1~5 was adopted. Weighting parameters of factors were unified with each other. 4) A GIS model was adopted for classification, calculation, querying, analysing, and presenting S.N.I. information. And the format of S.N.I. maps including statistical graphs and other spatial watershed information was designed for the GIS odel. The naturalness of stream corridor was was investigated by the naturalness of habitat, and assessed by the descriptors focused on physical structure, therefore the S.N.I. can manifest prescriptions for restoration of the stream corridor. On the other hand because some evaluation factors such as water quality, water volume, fauna, flora, functions of stream exosystem has been excluded, S.N.I. could have some limits on representing the full aspects of stream naturalness. This evaluation method is hypothetical one, so it would be investigated through iterative applicatons.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1433-1443
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• 2016

In the cases of the major cities, high poverty rate of the elderly, immature pension policies, and insufficient market conditions, policies and services for the employment of the elderly decrease the desire for the job participation. It is time to prevent the problems of the elderly, and induce the reachable seniors to participate in social activities. This research provides the location-based, customized job-search service for the elderly in order to actively support the participation in the economic activities of the elderly. The goal of SSJS(Smart Senior Job Search) is to provide the individual elderly with the customized position. It prints the appropriate positions near user location based on the residential area, job classification, and the physical condition, and provides the mash-up of the selectable job range in the unit distance based on the map. This customized service, which enables the seniors to select the type of the jobs based on their physical, mental and life conditions of the seniors, supports the participation in economic activities of the elderly people, and contribute to the expansion of the social job positions for the elderly and the equalization of the local development.