• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.252-264
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• 1999

The key characteristic of video data is its spatial/temporal relationships. In this paper, we propose an content based video retrieval system based on hierarchical data structure for specifying the temporal semantics of video data. In this system, video data's hierarchical structure temporal relationship, inter video object temporal relationship, and moving video object temporal relationship can be represented. We also implemented these video data's temporal relationship into an object-relational database management system using inheritance, encapsulation function overloading, etc. So more extended and richer temporal functions can be used to support a broad range of temporal queries.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reduce spatial query access latency and energy consumption by leveraging results from nearby peers in wireless broadcast environments. We propose a three-tier Hierarchical Location-Based Sequential access index, called HLBS, which provides selective tuning (pruning and searching entries) without pointers using a linear accessing structure based on the location of each data object. The HLBS saves search cost and index overhead, since the small index size with a sequential index structure results in low access latency overhead and facilitates efficient searches for sequential-access media (wireless channels with data broadcast). Comprehensive experiments illustrate that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the previous techniques in terms of energy consumption.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

The recent development of the technology for wireless mobile computing and applied technology for location-based services has made it possible to support query processing faster than that in the past. However, some technological limitations on hardware and software still exist. The most critical aspects of query processing are accuracy and speed. For improving the accuracy, it is required that detailed information on the data involved in query processing be saved. In this case, the amount of information on the data increases, which decreases the speed. On the other hand, for increasing the speed, it is necessary to reduce the broadcast cycle, which enables rapid data acquisition as desired. In this case, because of insufficient index information, the listen time for the client increases, which may cause unnecessary energy consumption. Therefore, a trade-off occurs between the accuracy and speed. This paper proposes a hierarchical bitmap-based spatial index (HBI) as a solution for the aforementioned problems. HBI describes an object with 0 and 1 on the Hilbert curve map. It reduces the broadcast cycle by decreasing the index size on the basis of bit information and tree structure. Therefore, it is able to shorten the listen time and query processing time. In addition, HBI enables the detection of the locations of all the objects so that it is possible selectively listen to a broadcast. A performance evaluation of the proposed technique demonstrates that it is excellent.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.104-108
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• 2021

In order to improve performance in IoT, edge computing system, a memory is usually configured in a hierarchical structure. Based on the distance from CPU, the access speed slows down in the order of registers, cache memory, main memory, and storage. Similar to the change in performance, energy consumption also increases as the distance from the CPU increases. Therefore, it is important to develop a technique that places frequently used data to the upper memory as much as possible to improve performance and energy consumption. However, the technique should solve the problem of cache performance degradation caused by lack of spatial locality that occurs when the data access stride is large. This study proposes a technique to selectively place data with large data access stride to a software-controlled cache. By using the proposed technique, data spatial locality can be improved by reducing the data access interval, and consequently, the cache performance can be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1119-1131
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• 2016

The Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulses Model (NSRPM) is mainly used to construct hourly rainfall series. This model uses a modest number of parameters to represent the rainfall processes and underlying physical phenomena, such as the arrival of storms or rain cells. In NSRPM, the method of moments has often been used because it is difficult to know the distribution of rainfall intensity. Recently, approximated likelihood function for NSRPM has been introduced. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical model for applying a spatial structure to the NSRPM parameters using the approximated likelihood function. The proposed method is applied to summer hourly precipitation data observed at 59 weather stations (Korea Meteorological Administration) from 1973 to 2011.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.176-183
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• 2009

This study was intended to define the spatial concept of the boundary structure of the architectural space as well as evaluate the Hyangdan which well represents the features of Korean traditional building in such a way of reviewing the building structure of Korean traditional residential space. The boundary is categorized into visible boundary and invisible boundary which was also functionally classified into the features of isolating, passing, mediating and overlapping. The major elements comprising the boundary structure was analyzed by the characteristic of the pattern so as to define them as the concept of surrounding, duality, hierarchism, continuity and overlapping. Based on such concepts, a boundary structural characteristics of Hyangdan were reevaluated and outlined as follows. The surrounding feature was seen through the outer side of the structure surrounded, two courtyards and eaves, and a duality showing both the closure of main house and openness of detached house was seen through the characteristics of surrounding structure. And the continuous activities toward the inner room and the empty space to link them in a systematic way and repeatedly aligned rooms reveal the overlapping as continuous and transitional space. And finally, an elevated stylobate demonstrates the hierarchical features of the structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2012

The following study has examined possible methodological approach and prospect of implementing storytelling in rural tourism field. It is aimed towards deducing principles of space composition behind securing placeness of rural tourism village through storytelling. The research had been conducted by archival research and case study on field of interest, and its findings are as follows: 1) Storytelling exhibits principles of narrative structure (exposition, complication, climax, and resolution) in various fields, and has shown tendency to structuralize a plot. 2) It can be said that storytelling is deeply related with people's associations of their inner mind. This can be a logical explanation of a certain sight or location, which is a physical environment itself being the actual narrator and distributor in storytelling. 3) In order to convey a story in a more convincing way, storytelling a naming strategy based on a rhetorical technique, which has been shown to positively influence creating unique placeness of a rural village. As indicated in our study, means of storytelling-"Continuity and tourist circulation of space composition with a narrative structure, spatial hierarchical order, concealment and revelation, cast, and naming based on rhetorical technique and facilities positioning"-is a viable solution that can bring recovery of the rural village's unique placeness, as well as spatial development for sustainable rural tourism.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between building energy consumption and building and local factors in Seoul. Building energy issue is an important topic for low carbon and eco-friendly city development. Building physical, socio-economic and environmental factors effect to increasing or decreasing energy consumption. However, there are different characteristic in each area, and this kind of variable has a hierarchical structure. The multi-level model was used to consider the hierarchical structure of the variables. In this study, a multi-level model was applied to confirm the difference between areas. Spatial area is Seoul, Korea and the temporal scope is August, summer season. As the result, in Model 1 (Null Model), ICC is 0.817. This shows that the energy consumption differs by 8.174% due to factors at the Dong level. Model 2 (Random Intercept Model) suggests that building's physical factors and Average age, Household size and Land price in Dong level have significant effects on Building energy consumption. In Model 3 (Random Coefficient Model), random effect variables have intercepts and slopes to vary across groups. This study provides a perspective for policy makers that the building energy reduction policies to be applied for buildings should be differently applied on area. Furthermore, not only physical factors but also socio-economic and environmental factors are important when making energy reduction policy.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The credible measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) is among the most critical elements in UN-REDD (United Nations programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in Developing Countries). This study is intended to explore MRV potential in terms of UN-REDD opportunity cost estimation using satellite image for Mt. Geum-gang of North Korea. A visual interpretation were conducted to evaluate MRV conditions by sub-dividing or decomposing the images with different pixel size into a three types of hierarchical tree structure that helps dealing with spatial variability within each subarea. The permanent record of standard satellite remote sensing system demonstrated its capability of presenting area-wide visual evidences of MRV conditions in Mt. Geum-gang (such as the identification of forested area, degradation trends for forest space, three types of hierarchical land-cover and land use tree structure, carbon density in the landscape). Satellite data could be accepted as legally binding proof when it comes to REDD opportunity cost estimation since several cases exist where remote sensing has been used as legal evidence in ICJ (International Court of Justice) and UN resolution. It doesn't seem very difficult to comply with MRV requirements for UN-REDD opportunity cost calculation due to the probative value of satellite data. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for Korea-based enterprises exploring REDD project sites and the carbon traders to ensure MRV potentials using satellite image in UN-REDD Opportunity Cost estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.571-585
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• 2021

Various studies have analyzed urban decline at a universal level using the general characteristics of declining cities. However, urban decline at the city level should be considered because this decay occurs based on the unique attributes of a particular city. In addition, since this phenomenon occurs and spreads in microspaces, studies should consider smaller spatial units continuously. This study aims to develop an urban decline measurement model that considers regional characteristics to analyze the urban decline of Ulsan Metropolitan City over time and space. The index value of Ulsan, compared to the national average, is calculated and reflected in the weight to reflect regional characteristics in the model. In addition, after analyzing urban decline by administrative dong units, we also performed analysis by counting district units using spatial hierarchical structure to demonstrate evaluation on smaller unit spaces. As a result of analyzing urban decline patterns by associating the index calculated using the model with the social phenomenon of Ulsan Metropolitan City, urban decline formed clusters and spread to adjacent regions over time. In addition, results confirmed that external factors such as new towns and urban regeneration projects affect urban decline. By illustrating the degree of urban decline proposed measurement model used in this study, it is possible to present the priority of areas required for urban regeneration projects. Results are also helpful to test the effectiveness of completed or presently-implemented urban regeneration projects.